The Whole Student Keenyn R. Wald, LPC Mississippi State University Student Counseling Services.
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Transcript of The Whole Student Keenyn R. Wald, LPC Mississippi State University Student Counseling Services.
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The Whole StudentKeenyn R. Wald, LPC
Mississippi State UniversityStudent Counseling Services
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$56,564.67
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Overview• Development over the life-span• College Student Development• Counseling Skills• Counseling Services
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Life-Span DevelopmentInfancy 1-3 years Autonomy vs Shame/Doubt
Early Childhood 3-5 years Initiative vs Guilt
Middle/Late Childhood 6 years to puberty Industry vs Inferiority
Adolescence 10-20 years Identity vs Identity Confusion
Early Adulthood 20s-30s Intimacy vs Isolation
Middle Adulthood 40s-50s Generativity vs Stagnation
Late Adulthood 60s and onwards Integrity vs Despair
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Life-Span DevelopmentInfancy 1-3 years Autonomy vs Shame/Doubt
Early Childhood 3-5 years Initiative vs Guilt
Middle/Late Childhood 6 years to puberty Industry vs Inferiority
Adolescence 10-20 years Identity vs Identity Confusion
Early Adulthood 20s-30s Intimacy vs Isolation
Middle Adulthood 40s-50s Generativity vs Stagnation
Late Adulthood 60s and onwards Integrity vs Despair
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Come mothers and fathersThroughout the land
And don't criticizeWhat you can't understand
Your sons and your daughtersAre beyond your command
Your old road isRapidly agin'
Please get out of the new oneIf you can't lend your hand
For the times they are a-changin'.
Dylan, B., 1964
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Emerging Adulthood• 18-28• Period of exploration and change• Role experimentation, finding the right “fit”
Arnett, 2006
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Emerging Adulthood• Semi autonomy• Students take on some of the responsibilities,
but others they leave up to the care of parents
Arnett, 2006
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Emerging Adulthood• Psychological development is not inevitable• Think back to the vs stages of Erikson
Arnett, 2006
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Emerging Adulthood• Development is fostered when the student’s
environment provides a balance of challenge and support
Arnett, 2006
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Emerging Adulthood• “the upward potential of youth is given wings
by the encouragement, the wisdom and the leadership of adults far more than by any stirrings inherent in the adolescent’s nature”
John J. Mitchell
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Emerging Adulthood• The goal of emerging adulthood is to transform
into an adult
Arnett, 2006
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Emerging Adulthood• Accepting responsibility for one’s self, making
independent decisions, and being financially independent
Arnett, 2006
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College Development
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College Development• Arthur Chickering• Identified seven vectors of development
through the college years
Chickering, 1993
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Developing Competence• Intellectual• Social• Physical
Chickering, 1993
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Managing Emotions• Channel and release emotions, delay
gratification, and tolerate some level of anxiety
Chickering, 1993
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Autonomy → Interdependence• Striving for self-sufficiency
Chickering, 1993
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Mature Interpersonal Relationships• Healthy and positive relationships
characterized by tolerance and reciprocity• Increased appreciation of differences• Acceptance of flaws in self and others
Chickering, 1993
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Establishing Identity• Integrate different facets of self• “assembling a jigsaw puzzle”• A healthy self-concept through all phases of
identity; vocational, personal, social• Self-acceptance
Chickering, 1993
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Developing Purpose• “many college students are all dressed up but
do not know where they want to go. They have energy, but no destination. While they may have clarified who they are and where they came from, they have only the vaguest notion of who they want to be”
Chickering, 1993
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Developing Integrity• Question and examine inherited values, retain
and/or revising some, discarding others, and adding new ones
• Congruence between values and actions
Chickering, 1993
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Invisible suitcasestorage unit
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Challenge and support
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What an amazing opportunity!
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Shim et al., 2009
Financial habits (+/-) formed at this age are likely to persist
throughout adulthood
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Shim et al., 2009
$$ Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors acquired during this
period can affect their lives profoundly
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Shim et al., 2009
Financial independence is a key to achieving “adult” status
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Student Loan Debt• MS• Avg: $27,322• 57% of population
with debt
• Nat’l $29,400projectstudentdebt.org
• AL• Avg: $26,450• 53% of population
with debt
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ACHA/NCHA• Within the past 12 months, which of the
following have been traumatic or very difficult to handle:
• 33% of respondents• Only academics was higher with 44%
Santrock, 2008
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You get them at their best…
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…and at their worst
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And you get to impact them throughout
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Counseling
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Warning Signs
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Sudden change in behavior
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Hopelessness & helplessness
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Sleep disturbances
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Substance use
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High-risk behavior
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Repeated/frequent appointments
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Emotional distress
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Using funds for others
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Counseling• Depression• Anxiety• Transition to college
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Counseling• Relationship issues• Grief• Substance use
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Counseling• Academic Concerns• Identity issues• Eating disorders
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Counseling Skills
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What is good listening?
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Curiosity
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Eye Contact• Power differential• Culturally appropriate• Observe the students’ reaction and style
– How well you are doing will be reflected
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Vocal Qualities• Tone and speech rate
– I am happy to be here today.
• Accents?
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Body Language• Face them squarely and lean slightly forward• Have an expressive face• Use encouraging gestures• Be yourself
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Empathy• Does not mean agreeing them about
everything• Trying to view it from their perspective• Be genuine, use your own experiences
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Summarizing and Paraphrasing• Using their own words• Using your words
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Environment• What is in your office environment?• Certifications• Art• Plants• How are you defined by your space?
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Carl Rogers• Congruence• Unconditional Positive Regard• Empathy
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R.E.S.P.E.C.T.F.U.L.• Religious/Spiritual identity• Economic class background• Sexual identity• Psychological maturity• Ethnic/racial identity
Lewis et al., 2011
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R.E.S.P.E.C.T.F.U.L.• Chronological/developmental challenges• Trauma and other threats to one’s well-being• Family background and history• Unique physical characteristics• Location of residence and language differences
Lewis et al., 2011
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You can only dowhat you can do
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References• Santrock, J. W. (2008). Essentials for life-span development. New York, NY:
McGraw-Hill.• Arnett, J. J. (2006). Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teens
through the twenties. New York, NY: Oxford University Press• Chickering, A. W. & Reisser, L. (1993). Education and identity. San Francisco, CA:
Jossey-Bass• Lewis, J. A., Lewis, M. D., Daniels, J. A., & D’Andrea, M. J. (2011). Community
Counseling: A Multicultural-social justice perspective. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole• Shim, S., Barber, B.L., Card, N.A., Xiao, J.J., & Serido, J. (2009). Financial
socialization of first-year college students: The roles of parents, work, and education. Journal of Youth Adolescence, 39, 1457-1470.