The Way of the World Guide

8/4/2019 The Way of the World Guide

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an NAC English Theatre / Soulpepper Theatre (Toronto) coproduction

Study Guide THE NATIONAL ARTS CENTRE ENGLISH THEATRE

PROGRAMMES FOR STUDENT AUDIENCES2007-2008 SEASON

Peter Hinton Artistic Director, English Theatre

This Study Guide was written and researched by Jane Moore for the National Arts Centre, EnglishTheatre, April 2008. It may be used solely for educational purposes.

The National Arts Centre English Theatre values the feedback of teachers on the content and format ofits Study Guides. We would appreciate your comments on past Study Guides, on this current one, orsuggestions on ways to improve future Study Guides. Comments may be directed to Martina Kuska either by email at [email protected] or by fax at (613) 943-1401.

Theatre5 Media Partner



TABLE OF CONTENTS

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• England and Scotland joined as United Kingdom

• British and Austrians vs. French and Bavarians in War ofAustrian Succession to gain control of India

• Chinese take Taiwan• Peter the Great founds St. Petersburg

• England and Scotland population reaches 7.5 million

• King William III of England and Queen Mary

• Queen Anne of England (from 1702)

• Czar Peter the Great of Russia

• Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I Holy Roman EmperorJoseph I

• Isaac Newton

• 200,000 in Tokyo earthquake

• Serfdom in Denmark

• King William III Prince of Orange

• George Farquhar, 29• John Dryden

• Emperor Leopold I

• Pirate Captain William Kidd, 56

• Samuel Pepys, 70

• 8,000 in Great Storm of London

• Yale University, Connecticut

• Buckingham Palace

• Billiards in Berlin

• Dom Perignon's sparkling champagne in Hauvillers,France

• Horseracing in England encouraged by Queen Anne

• "Enlightenment" - French intellectual movement

• Jethro Tull's mechanical seed drill• The commode

• Copyright laws in England - the first anywhere

• Mardi Gras celebrations

• Grenades in war and the new soldier – grenadier

Entertainment• Her Majesty's Theatre, London

• William Congreve's The Way of the World

• George Farquhar's plays

• Kubuki Theatre in Japan

• First pantomimes at Drury Lane, London

• Development of the mandolin, clarinet, slide trumpet, and

the first piano, the pianoforte

• Vivaldi is 'in' in Italy, Couperin in France

• Johann Sebastian Bach's first cantata

• Handel's "St. John Passion" and his opera "Almira"

• "For He's a Jolly Good Fellow" popular song in France(Malbrouk's)

• "The Selling of Joseph," anti-slavery book by Samuel

Sewall

• Jonathan Swift's "The Tale of a Tub"

• Joseph Addison's "The Campaign," "The Tatler"

• Alexander Pope's "Pastorals"

• Beginning of the late baroque period

Men:

• Suspenders to hold up pants• Full-cut pants

• Cambric/muslin shirts

• Braiding and ruffles

• Three-Corner hats

• WigsWomen:

• Rings, especially large gaudy jeweled ones

• Elaborate petticoats

• Large earrings

• First daily newspaper in London (and probably the world):

“The Daily Courant”

• Regular advertising first appears in weekly “Boston News-

Letter”• “Moscow Gazette” first published

• Daniel Defoe's weekly newspaper "The Review" publishedfrom his prison cell

• First evening paper "The Evening Post" in London

• Act of Settlement insures no Catholic can become ruler of

England

• First Presbyterian Church in America

• Beginning of Baptist movement in U.S.

• Rise of the Sikhs in India

• Catholic priests forbidden to reside in Massachusetts formore than three months

• Mennonite church built in Philadelphia

• Edmund Halley predicts comet of 1682 will return in 76

years, proving periodic comet orbiting of sun

• Sir Isaac Newton proves light is made up of colors

• Symbol pi (*185*) introduced to mean ratio of circle'scircumference to diameter

• First lithotomy (stone removal from bladder) performed inAmerica

• Ammonium chloride discovered, Royal Observatory, Berlin

• First use of "ain't" in England

• Bless my stars!

• To bamboozle someone

• To buy something for a song

• To play second fiddle to someone• By word of mouth

• To ram something down someone's throat

• From the cradle to the grave

• Much ado about nothing

• To see with one's own eyes

• Up in arms

• Raining cats and dogs

• Someone is a snake-in-the-grass.




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Physical ChangesThe Restoration brings a strong Italian influence toEnglish stage practices. With new construction, theproscenium arch, perspective painting, and /orbackdrop scenery become indispensable elements ofthe English stage. Proscenium arch, doors andbalconies, and a much extended apron, are significantvestiges of the Elizabethan stage.

Companies

• Acting companies in London establish thecontract system; and theatrical entrepreneursemerge

• Theatre is under control of business men

• Actors serve as managers of theatrical troupes

• Actors are employees

• Social status higher (though moral character stillin question)

• Actors possess parts

• Repertory system

• Playwright: fixed salaries, no royalties

• Women allowed on stage for the first time in

England

Audiences

• Audiences upper class mainly

• After William and Mary are crowned in 1689, themerchant class begins to attend the theatre

• A strong Puritan influence is established

• Jeremy Collier’s “a short view of immorality andprofanes of the English Stage”

•The middle class calls for more clear-cut morals

• Comedy of Manners did not please the Puritanelements of English society

Kinds of Plays

• Heroic tragedy: extraordinary characters / deeds / contrived plays with themes of love

• Restoration tragedy: adherence to neoclassicalrules / Shakespeare works converted

• Comedies of Intrigue: daring exploits of Romance

• Aphra Behn

• Comedies of Manners:-

Most famous of all Restoration plays

High Comedy. Verbal wit. Influenced byMolière

Fashions and Manners of upper class

Themes of gossip, adultery, sexualescapades

Upper class preoccupation with reputation

Screen Scenes and Pants Parts (BreechesParts)

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NOTES ON THE PLAY

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PrologueParnassus: mountain in Greek mythology – home of theMuses

Act 1, Scene 1Gamester: gamblerGay: happyStoic: unaffected by pleasure or painCabal: clique seeking power, usually through intrigueRatafia: sweet liqueur, flavoured with almond or fruitkernelsLampoon: crude written attack on someone’s person orcharacter

Dropsy: an old term for the swelling of soft tissues dueto the accumulation of excess water. EdemaAffected: unnatural speaking, or behaving in an artificialway to make an impression

1-2

St. Pancras: former London borough that was mergedinto the London borough of CamdenMedlar: small brown bitter fruit – like an appleExceptious: disposed or apt to take exceptions, or toobject; captious. [Obs.] [1913 Webster]Raillery: good-natured teasing or ridicule; banter;repartee

1-6Panegyric: elaborate praise – public eulogyBum-bailey: bound bailiff

1-8Trulls: prostitutes

Act 2, Scene 1Penthesilea: Queen of the amazons in Greek mythologyAmazons: a tribe of large strong women warriors inGreek mythologyCuckold: a man whose wife commits adultery

2-5beau monde: high society; the fashionable elite

2-6Sententious: given to pedantic moralizing; pithy; usingaphorisms

Act 3, Scene 4Quarles: Royalist supporter and writer whose poemswere enjoyed by Puritans!Prynne: 17

thcentury English author, Puritan and politica

figure

3-5Drawer: person who draws the wineSuperannuated: too old for use or workFrippery: pretentious elegance; trivial; of no importanceIncontinently: unrestrainedLong Lane: street in LondonGibbet-thief: person hanged for stealing

Ludgate: prison in LondonBlackfriars: theatreFarthing: smallest coin – ¼ of a pennyDecorum: quiet dignified proper behaviourA month’s mind: strong desirePasse-partout: skeleton key or master key that opensany lockOlio: A collection of various artistic or literary works ormusical pieces; a miscellany; hodgepodgeBecravated: wearing a cravatBeperiwigged: wearing a wigLingo: characteristic language of a particular group (asamong thieves); "they don't speak our lingo"Relations: relatives

3-18Errant: straying from the proper course or standardsCuckold: a man whose wife commits adulterySatyr: woodland creature depicted as having the pointedears, legs, and short horns of a goat and a fondness forunrestrained revelry. A licentious man; a lecher.

Act 4, Scene 1Imprimis: Latin, “in the first place”Proviso: clause in a document making a qualification,condition, or restrictionDormitives: medicines to promote sleep; a soporific; an

opiateLubber: a clumsy person, a loutCamlet: fine dress fabric




4-8Nolle prosequi: Latin legal phrase: unwilling to pursue

4-10Rantipole: rude romping boy or girl; also a gadabout

dissipated womanBorachio: a drunkardIn vino veritas: Latin phrase suggesting that people aremore likely to say what they really feel under theinfluence of alcohol. “There is truth in wine.”

4-11Tallow-chandler: one whose occupation is to make, orto sell, tallow candlesTumbril: two –wheeled cart Bastinadoed: subjected to repeated blowsShakebag: comic villain, hired killerSalopian: geographical name, border of western

England

Act 5, Scene 1Gorget: ornamental collarBrideswell: prisonDuke’s-Place: area of London known as a place where

thieves could dispose of their ill-gotten gainsIniquity: gross immorality or injustice; wickedness; a sinOdium: intense hatred or dislike, esp. toward a personor thing regarded as contemptible, despicable, orrepugnantCantharides: a medication that causes blisters

5-6Importunity: beggingPastoral: (from pastor, Latin for "shepherd") refers to aliterary work dealing with shepherds and rustic lifeMoiety: halfNon compos: Latin, not in control

5-8Pylades and Orestes: as a child Orestes was sent toPhocis, where he was raised with Pylades, and soconsidered him to be like a brother

5-11Messalina: wife of Roman Emperor Claudius. Shesupposedly had an insatiable sexual appetite

5-13Perfidious: disloyal, treacherous

EpilogueScurrilous: expressed in vulgar, coarse, and abusive

languageCoquettes and beaux: girls and boys, flirts and dandies




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