The Water and Sanitation Project in Nkanu East Local...
Transcript of The Water and Sanitation Project in Nkanu East Local...
TCCC/USAID Water and Development Alliance (WADA)
The Water and Sanitation Project in
Nkanu East Local Government Area
(LGA) of Enugu State, Nigeria
Close Out Report (July 2009 – July 2011)
Society for Family health
November 2011
I. Project Summary
Project Name The Water and Sanitation Project in Nkanu East Local Government Area (LGA) of Enugu State
Country
Nigeria
Communities in Nkanu East LGA of Enugu State (Amechi Idodo, Akpawfu, and Nkerefi)
Project Duration
24 months
July 2009 – July 2011
Activities summary
Improving household water quality and hygiene practices and drilling boreholes to increase access to water, hygiene and sanitation, constructing communal latrines to increase access to improved sanitation for school children, and distributing point-of-use-water disinfectants.
Total project Funding
$700,000 total committed - $350,000 (USAID) - $350,000 (The Coca-Cola Africa Foundation)
GETF: provided $527,000 in cash to Society for Family Health (SFH) SFH: provided $80,000 in kind for the implementation of the project
Implementing Partner(s)
Type of organization
Funding received
Role in project
Point of contact
Society for Family Health
NGO
$527,000
Overall coordination and implementation of project
Coca Cola and USAID partners:
Role in project
Pont of contact
Coca-Cola Nigeria (through TCCAF)
Project monitoring and oversight, launch planning
USAID/Nigeria
Monitoring of implementation of activities, launch planning
External partners and roles :
Type of organization
Role in project
Point of contact
Nkanu East Local Government
Local government
Contributing in-kind support and monitoring for project
II. Project Achievements, Issues and Resolutions
Objectives and Milestones Final Report
Objective 1
Increasing community
access to improved water
sources by the drilling of
boreholes in selected
communities.
Achievements:
A total of six shallow boreholes were drilled in the three project communities of Nkanu East LGA of Enugu state.
Issues and Resolutions:
The unfavorable geology encountered in one of the project communities (Amechi Idodo) made it difficult to obtain water with suitable quality and in sufficient amounts. Hence the borehole was reassigned to another community (Nkerefi) with larger population.
Objective 2
Increasing community access to basic sanitation hygiene by the construction of latrines in selected communities.
Achievements:
Twelve blocks of sex-segregated, pour-flush, communal latrines were constructed in all three project communities. The latrines were situated in busy sections of the community (i.e., markets and village squares).
The project carried out behavioral change activities using the Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) approach to promote household latrine construction and reduce open defecation in the communities.
The uptake of latrine construction by the communities was good with about 50% increase in latrine construction within the community.
Issues and Resolutions:
Contractors engaged for the project did not deliver the infrastructure on time due to funding constraints (lack of sufficient advance funds available to purchase materials).
SFH provided the contractors with installmental payments to enable them deliver the infrastructure.
Objective 3
Strengthening, where
appropriate, community-
based structures to ensure
community ownership and
sustainability of the project
Achievements:
The project supported each community to establish water, hygiene and sanitation committees (WASHCOMS) to oversee the management and maintenance of the project facilities.
Volunteer Hygiene promoters (VHPs) and sanitation taskforces were set up and trained to promote and facilitate hygiene and sanitation uptake in the communities
Issues and Resolutions:
Motivation of taskforces and volunteers was a challenge as most volunteers complained about the time and effort required to promote sanitation and hygiene milestones
within the community.
The project provided VHPs and Taskforces with promotional materials and information, education, and communication (IEC) materials.
Regular meetings were also organized for WASHCOMS and VHPs to motivate and discuss issues encountered during hygiene and sanitation promotion activities.
Objective 4
Improving household hygiene and water quality thereby reducing diarrhea and other waterborne illnesses by the promotion and distribution of affordable point-of-use water disinfectant products (WaterGuard and/or PUR) in the communities.
Achievements:
The project promoted two point-of-use (POU) water disinfectants (PUR and WaterGuard) in all project communities and the LGA at large.
A total of 8345 sachets of PUR and 3815 bottles of WaterGuard were sold within Nkanu East LGA and its environs, totaling 2,944,700 liters of water treated.
POU water disinfectants were also used in the project schools for the daily treatment of drinking water in all classrooms. The water treatment activities were led by the school WASH clubs.
Issues and Resolutions:
Lack of a project vehicle made it difficult for the team to carry out their daily activities for the promotion of the POU disinfectants as well as the execution of other project activities.
SFH hired local vehicles to convey project staff to the field for project implementation.
Objective 5
Increasing access of school
children to improved
hygiene and sanitation
facilities by the construction
of culturally appropriate
school latrines.
Achievements:
A total of six blocks of sex-segregated, pour-flush latrines were constructed in the three project schools. Each latrine block was fitted with rain water harvesters for the collection of rain water for hand washing and personal hygiene.
Issues and Resolutions:
The security and maintenance of the latrine blocks when the schools are not in session was compromised.
SFH met with the communities and supported them to engage security personnel for the safeguarding of project facilities and pay them from the funds levied to all households for borehole and latrine maintenance.
Objective 6
Increasing access to
improved water sources by
drilling boreholes in selected
Achievements:
Three shallow borehole fitted with Mark III hand pumps were drilled in the three project schools.
schools.
Objective 7
Establishing school health
programs to promote basic
sanitation and hygiene
behaviors with focus on
children as agents of change
in their homes and
communities.
Achievements:
WASH clubs were established in all three schools with participation from pupils in the classes of primary 3-6.
Various interactive activities and class trainings were carried out with the pupils to equip them with the knowledge and awareness of relevant and appropriate hygiene and sanitation issues. The children were also equipped to act as change agents in homes, schools and community at large.
Interschool Quizzes on WASH issues were conducted for all project schools.
Issues and Resolutions:
The poor infrastructure in the project schools did not provide a conducive environment for project activities. The project carried out advocacies to the local government and state and two of the project schools were provided with new buildings, repaired roofs and classroom furniture.
III. Monitoring and Evaluation
WADA Global Indicators
S/N
WADA Global Indicators
Outputs and Outcomes (disaggregated as appropriate)
Measurement Methodology
T1-1
Number of people in target areas with access to improved drinking water supply as a result of program assistance
4500 persons (2273 males
and 2227 females
The Nigeria national water policy limit of between 350-500
users per borehole NPC Pop census estimate 2006
T1-2
Number of people in target areas with access to an improved sanitation facility as a result of program assistance
1000 persons(505
males and 495 females)
Household monitoring report NPC Pop census estimate 2006
T1-3
Number of school children in target areas with access to an improved sanitation facility as a result of program assistance
1927 pupils ( 973 males and 954 females)
Population of schools implementing the project NPC
Pop census estimate 2006
T1-4
Liters of drinking water treated with program-supported methods for point-of-use application as a result of program assistance 2,944,700
SFH Sales report in Enugu state
T1-5
Percentage increase in compounds with absence of visible feces in program target communities as a result of program assistance 50.73%
Baseline and Exit evaluation using access to improved
latrines as proxy
T1-6
Percentage of compounds in program target communities with a hand washing station as a result of program assistance
T1-7
Number of community water and sanitation committees established and trained with program assistance 9
MOUs Signed
T1-8
Number of policies, laws, agreements, regulations, or investment agreements promoting sustainable water supply and sanitation that are implemented as a result of program assistance 4
Physical copies of MOUs signed with communities and LGA WES
unit
T1-9
Number of positive external media publications, awards, or public recognition involving the Alliances’ activities 3
Copy of publication and jingles produced on alliance/project
activities
IV. Environmental Mitigation
Potential impact Mitigation measures Dates Monitored/Problems Encountered/Mitigation Effectiveness
Activity: Construction of small scale water supply and sanitation infrastructure
Improper siting of facilities could damage or destroy natural ecosystems
Disturbance of soils and vegetation and leakages from pipes and weak topography could cause erosion
Improper siting could create or
exacerbate conflict over water
resource allocation
Survey will be done to avoid siting of all water supply and sanitation infrastructure in sensitive ecological areas.
Construction sites will be carefully selected to minimize damage to vegetation that could cause erosion. Data on soil type will be gathered to determine the potential for significant erosion. Any vegetation that is damaged during construction will be replanted before the conclusion of the project.
Construction procedures will follow USAID
guidelines and construction workers will be monitored to ensure best practices in construction are maintained and followed.
Proper bedding materials will be used for the pipes.
Assessment for project communities was carried out to ensure the facilities were sited in locations that were acceptable to the community and did not disrupt or damage the natural ecosystem. This was done before commencing construction in February- March 2010 and also throughout the construction phase of the project which spanned from May 2010 to February 2011. All construction procedures were carried out following best construction practices and the bedding materials used for construction were inspected and verified by SFH and WES before use by the contractors.
A DRA approach will be used for the selection of project communities to ensure transparency and self selection.
The Demand Response approach was used for the selection of the three project communities within the Local Government Area and this was carried out in September 2009.
Improper design or utilization of project water points could lead to depletion of ground water resources
Hydro geological analysis will be conducted prior to constructing the water point to certify that the yield of each well is sufficient for the anticipated demand.
Facilities will be strategically located to ensure
local warden is available to regulate water use at the points to avoid overuse or wastage.
WES committees will monitor and repair leaks
from cracked containment structures, broken pipes, faulty valves and similar structures to eliminate sources of water wastage. Plumbers will be trained by the Enugu State Water and Sanitation Agency to oversee the maintenance and operation of the water facilities.
A geophysical and hydro geological survey was carried out before construction commenced in all three project communities. (see attached report). Another was carried out when one borehole was relocated from Amechi Idodo to Nkerefi. Each community WASHCOM was made to select borehole supervisors/caretakers for each borehole in the community and the boreholes are locked at non peak times by the borehole supervisor in each clan/village where the Borehole is located. The WASHCOM in each community initiated a token contribution for each household within the community to be used for maintenance of the borehole and the latrines. The WASHCOMs are supervised by the WES unit of the Local Government (LGA).
Improper siting, design or construction of sanitation facilities could lead to objectionable odors.
Hygiene promotion strategies will be developed to address cultural / social barriers to latrine use and prevent open defecation
CLTS methods will be used to foster community acceptance and engagement in the construction of the latrines. Such community buy-in will be important in maintaining the facilities and preventing damage and/or misuse over time.
Project technical specialists will review design of proposed latrines to ensure that
The WES unit and SFH utilized the CLTS methodology in the community to sensitize the community members to stop open defecation, adopt appropriate hygiene practices and build household latrines within the communities. Sanitation centers were established in each community to regulate and ensure that
they meet standards that will minimize objectionable odors.
household latrines constructed are of appropriate design and standards.
Creation of stagnant water near water collection points could create breeding opportunities for water-borne disease vectors
Improper design, siting or construction of water points could result from improper disposal of human and other biological wastes during the construction period
Improper design, siting or construction of water points could lead to natural or human-caused biological or chemical contamination of ground water sources causing increased human health risks, including: o High mineral/chemical levels
e.g. Arsenic o poor management of water
points and/or poor design of pipes leading to leakage and contamination of water with fecal matter dust particles and birds sheltering on the roof that contaminate cisterns (e.g., rainwater harvesting systems)
Depth of water table will be evaluated to ensure pit latrines are installed appropriately such that the water table is not contaminated.
Locations for latrines and boreholes will be selected with feedback from community members and local Water and Environmental Sanitation Committees
Water quality testing will be conducted on
all water points constructed to ensure that government quality standards are met and it is safe to drink, as well as to establish a baseline so that any future degradation can be detected. . Water samples collected will be taken to government laboratory or any competent water testing authority for physical, chemical and bacteriological analysis before being put in for any human consumption. The water quality assessment will test for: pH value, appearance, taste, turbidity, conductivity, arsenic, iron, magnesium, nitrate, copper, fluoride, free carbon dioxide, hardness, alkalinity, silica,
manganese, nitrate, ammonia cal nitrogen, and microbiological parameters.
Water quality assessments will include tests for the presence of arsenic as required by Guidance Cable State 98 108651 and articulated in the EGAT and Africa Bureau guideline document titled, “Guidelines for Determining the Arsenic Content of Ground Water in USAID-Sponsored Well Programs in Sub-Saharan Africa.” The project team will ensure that the standards and testing procedures described in this guideline document are followed for potable water points developed or renovated as part of project activities.
Activity will promote implementation of a long-term monitoring system in conjunction with the municipality:
Establish baseline of water quality through testing for chemical and biological contaminants in borehole water (P&D)
Ensure regular testing of water quality
Latrines were constructed with due consideration of the water table within the site/location. The community members in collaboration with SFH and the LGA WES unit selected all latrine and borehole site with due consideration of the geophysical and hydro geological investigations carried out. The Project stipulated during the DRA process for community selection that all communities would provide the land for all project facilities as part of their in-kind contribution. Water quality tests were carried out for all project borehole points to ascertain the quality of the water produced by the boreholes. The tests were carried out by the Enugu state rural water and sanitation agency (ENRUWASSA) (See water quality test results below)
Improper design, siting or construction of sanitation systems could lead to degradation of land habitats, or negative impacts to groundwater quality
The project was unable to get the communities to commit to carrying out water quality tests regularly as this is not feasible due to the lack of funds both within the community and the LGA. Communities were supported by the project to develop rules for the use of the facilities provided to ensure proper use and sustainability.
through incorporation of water testing in handover plan to municipality and community education (O&M)
Relevant local community rules and best practices and procedures of promotion of better environmental health will be developed and adhered to. Verification through site visits and photos would be done to assure practices are in accordance with local community rules and “best practices”
Systems could fall into disrepair or create environmental risks due to poor management
Community water and sanitation committees will be established and trained to manage, repair and maintain all water and sanitation points, including cost recovery and financial management. The training will include proper techniques for watering of livestock and hygiene education.
Training in sanitation and hygiene for water committees, communities, area based development groups, and/or municipal water board members will be carried out to: o Ensure community mobilization and
public awareness of human health risks associated with water-borne disease vectors
o Encourage the development of community responses that are environmentally sound, cost effective, and safe; and
o Ensure control over the management of the facilities and operations that WADA is supporting.
A Water Sanitation Committee was setup in all project communities by the project and each WASHCOM consists of nominees and volunteers. Village Level Operation and Maintenance training was carried out by ENRUWASSA for selected artisans and individuals selected by the community. Various trainings on hygiene and sanitation promotion were conducted by the project using the community led total sanitation approach. Awareness was created on the health risks waterborne and sanitation related illnesses within the community.
V. Water Quality Testing
VI. Direct Beneficiaries
Total Direct Beneficiaries and Explanation
[A]
Estimated Overlap and Explanation
[B]
Net Direct Beneficiaries [C] = [A]-[B]
172,375
The total population of the three
project communities based on
the household count, as well as
the population of the target LGA
where POU water disinfectants
were distributed by the project.
148,774
The project carried out
distribution of POU water
disinfectant products within the
entire Nkanu east LGA with the
above estimated population. The
three project communities are
also located within the LGA,
hence the overlap.
23,601
VII. Telling our Story
IMPROVING WATER, SANITATION
AND HYGIENE IN NKANU EAST LGA
OF ENUGU STATE
November 23rd
2010
Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)
related health problems have become
prevalent in Nigerian society with children
under five being the worst affected. This led
the Society for Family Health (SFH) in
collaboration with The Coca-Cola Company
(TCCC) and USAID to implement a WASH
project in three rural communities in Nkanu
East Local Government Area (LGA) of
Enugu state. The project supported the
provision of water and sanitation
infrastructure as well as Behaviour Change
Communication (BCC) activities in
benefitting communities and schools.
Community water source
Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS)
and the Safe Water System (SWS) strategies
were used to sensitize and empower
households, communities and schools to
adopt safe water, sanitation and hygiene
practices. The CLTS approach enabled the
target groups to analyse their hygiene and
sanitation profile and make positive efforts
to improve it through the construction of
household Ventilation Improved Pit (VIP)
latrines, open defecation reduction and
improved environmental cleanliness. The
SWS approach focused on safe water
collection, treatment (using water
disinfectants - PUR or WaterGuard) and
storage in households and in schools.
The project reached about 23,601
community members and 1884 primary
school pupils and also provided 9 boreholes
and 90 sex segregated latrines in target
communities and schools.
Household latrine
SFH Launches Water Sanitation and
Hygiene (WASH) Project in Enugu State
March 19th
2011
Following the successful implementation of
the WASH project which focused on
improving rural WASH in three rural
communities, SFH in collaboration with The
Coca-Cola Company (TCCC) and USAID
launched the WASH project in Amechi
Idodo community in Nkanu East LGA of
Enugu state.
The First Lady of Enugu state
commissioning the latrine blocks
The Hallmark of the launch was the handing
over of nine boreholes and 90 sex segregated
latrines provided by the project to the
benefitting communities and schools. The
event was graced by many dignitaries across
the country. The First Lady of Enugu State,
Mrs. Clara Chime, reiterated her passion and
commitment to the reduction of WASH
related illnesses within the state.
The First Lady of Enugu state
commissioning the borehole
Also present were SFH’s Board of trustees
President Justice I. Nzeako, SFH’s
managing Director Bright Ekweremadu, the
representative of the USAID mission
Director Howard Batson, the representative
of the Coca-Cola Managing Director, Mrs.
Irene Ubah, amongst others.
Improving school Attendance and
Performance in Amechi Idodo Community
November 2010
Chikaodili in her classroom
Chikaodili Chukwu is a native of Amechi
Idodo community, a primary 5 pupil of
Uzam community primary school and a
vibrant member of the school WASH club.
She is very glad with the borehole the SFH,
TCCC and USAID project brought to them
both in school and in the community.
The project has helped them in the daily
water treatment, hand washing practice,
and has brought big relief to them as
diarrhea incidence has reduced drastically
within their community.
It has also enabled her concentrate more on
her studies. In Chikaodili’s words: “instead
of us thinking on how to go and fetch water
before coming to school, we concentrate
more on their studies and fetch after school
from the borehole. Thank You SFH, Coca-
Cola and USAID”
Chikaodili using the borehole in the school
VII. Coca-Cola and USAID Partner Participation
USAID Mission The project contact person for USAID Mission has been very active in the provision of technical support to the project. A number of visits were made to the project site to monitor project progress. The USAID Mission was also actively involved in monthly conference calls as well as the planning of the project’s commissioning and handover ceremony held in March 2011.
Coca-Cola Bottler/PAC The contact person from The Coca-Cola Company assisted the project’s implementation efforts by providing technical inputs. Site visits were conducted to monitor project progress and TCCC was a regular participant in monthly conference calls. The Coca-Cola Company was also active in the planning of the commissioning and hand over of the project infrastructure to the communities.
VIII. Media/Awards
1. Copies of Project jingles have been sent to the USAID Mission, TCCC and GETF.
2. Press release on project commissioning and the alliance activities in Enugu state was done
independently by TCCC and USAID, as the project did not have approved funds for media.
IX. Sustainability
Measures of WADA’s Investment:
For the project just concluded in Nkanu east LGA, two of the project communities Nkerefi and Akpawfu
received the project enthusiastically and with support from SFH and the LGA developed strategies to
ensure the project’s sustainability. Amechi Idodo community on the other had experienced various
communal clashes during the implementation period and this had an impact on the extent of
enthusiasm for the project.
To facilitate project sustainability SFH ensured the following:
Establishment of Water and Sanitation Committees (WASHCOMs) in each community to oversee
project infrastructure and take the lead on hygiene and sanitation promotion within the
communities
Establishment of sanitation centers in each community for the construction of low cost and
culturally appropriate household latrine structures for uptake by the community members
Training on village level operation and maintenance for both latrine and borehole to enable the
community artisans take care of minor repairs on the project infrastructure
Payment of user fees by households in each community to ensure that money is generated for the
maintenance of the project infrastructure
Establishment of retail outlets for low cost point-of-use water disinfectants (PUR and Waterguard)
within the communities to facilitate the water treatment within the community
Towards the close out of the project’s implementation, the USAID mission and SFH discussed possibilities of an add-on project on improving water, sanitation and hygiene at the community level. The proposed project will provide communal boreholes and carryout behavior change communication activities within the target communities to improve personal and household hygiene, promote household latrine construction and reduce open defecation.
X. Overall Lessons Learned/Feedback
This section is for your completion.
The monthly project update phone calls held were very useful in keeping all project partners abreast of relevant issues on project implementation
Monthly reports focusing on project achievements was also very useful in ensuring that implementation process ensured that project targets were met.
Payment of contractors: Throughout the construction phase for this project, it was discovered that contractors did not have access to enough capital to purchase quality materials for construction. SFH decided to provide installments to the contractors to assist in the progress of the construction. In the future, SFH will ensure that contractors have sufficient funding up front, but will continue to hold a reserve to be paid after the successful completion of the construction works.
Water quality test results: The initial water quality results revealed high levels of fluoride that were above the WHO limit. However, the lab used did not report any issues with the water quality tests. In the future, SFH will review the results carefully and will confirm the results of all lab tests.
Security of water and sanitation infrastructure: As some of the infrastructure was vandalized soon after installation, SFH will develop a strategy to integrate security issues into community education in an effort to minimize vandalism of infrastructure
Choice of project communities: One of the three project communities selected had unfavorable geology and hence problems were encountered in trying to secure adequate locations for the siting of the boreholes for the project. SFH will ensure that for future projects, the strategy adopted for selection of communities would include a process to ascertain the availability of favorable terrain for project infrastructure before the community is finally chosen for implementation.