The Washington Presidency 1789 Election

Unanimous Candidate Would Rather Retire

Civil Duty Image Not proper to “Run”

for President

Ladies & Gentlemen, The President of the United States John Adams

Vice-President “Your Highness the

President of the United States”

The Cabinet Thomas Jefferson

Secretary of State Alexander Hamilton

Secretary of Treasury Henry Knox

Secretary of War

The Washington Presidency Hamilton’s Fiscal Policy

Report on the Public Credit Gov’t assume all state debt-

past 15 years Validity to Government

Domestic & Foreign 1st National Bank of the

United States Strict v. Loose

Strict Constructionist Specific

Loose Constructionist Implied

Report on Manufactures Nurture “infant industries”

A Split in the Cabinet National Bank

Interpretation of Constitution Jefferson-Sec. Of State

Strict Constructionist

Hamilton-Sec. Of Treasury Loose

Constructionist

The Dinner Jefferson’s Account

Only record of event The players

Alexander Hamilton James Madison

The Issue Hamilton’s Fiscal Plan

Southern Opposition Assumption of state debts

The Compromise of 1790 Move Capital to Chesapeake

Region Madison supports

Fiscal Plan Pass Hamilton supports

July 9, 1790 Residence Bill

32-29

July 26, 1790 Assumption Bill

34-28

The Washington Presidency The Whiskey Rebellion

Summer 1794 Excise Tax

Luxury Tax Purpose of Taxes?

Western Pennsylvania Alexander Hamilton

Left NY to lead Militia Presidential

Aspirations Federal Authority

Commitment to Union Protection of Western

Boundary National Supremacy

The Washington Presidency Jay’s Treaties

The Treaty Itself British Withdrawal by 1796 Limited Trade with British East & West

Indies Most Favored Nation

Enjoy benefits equal to those the other accorded any state

Hamiltonian Victory American Neutrality

French Revolution

Pinckney’s Treaty The Treaty Itself

31st Parallel Shipping Rights on Mississippi

The Washington Presidency Washington’s Farewell Address

Union “Prop of your liberty”

Political Parties “baneful effects of the spirit of party”

Foreign Affairs “extending our commercial relations to

have with them as little political connection as possible”

Washington’s Legacy Daily routine established

Mr. President Two Terms Limit

Not law until 1951 Military Service

Symbol of leadership

The First American Party System Federalist Party

John Adams Strong Federal Government Friendship with Britain

Opposition to French Revolution

Members Merchants Property Owners Urban Workers

Democratic Republican Party Thomas Jefferson

Opposition to Federalists Limited Federal Power Sympathetic to French

Revolution Hostile to Britain

Members Southern Planters Northern Farmers

1796 Election

John Adams 71 Electoral Votes

Thomas Jefferson 68 Electoral Votes*No Vice Presidential Candidates

The Quasi-War Undeclared War

1798-1800 Fought almost entirely at sea

USA & France

Background American Revolution

Alliance & Connection France betrayed in their

Revolution

Began Seizing American Ships Mostly Caribbean

USS Constellation and the Insurgente

The Adams Presidency

USS Constellation

The Adams Presidency X, Y, Z Affair

Jay’s Treaty Undercut French Revolution

Freed Britain to support French Monarchy

French Response 300 American Vessels

Cargoes confiscated-$20 Million

An American Delegation Charles Pinckney John Marshall Elbridge Gerry

The Bribe Tribute to speak to Charles

Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord

Adam’s Response Pinckney =X Marshall =Y Gerry =Z

“Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute!”

The Adams Presidency Alien & Sedition Acts

The Acts Naturalization Act

5 years to 14 years Citizenship

Alien Act & Alien Enemies Act Imprisonment & deportation of

Aliens in wartime Sedition Act

Writing, Publishing, or Speaking against the government Fines & Imprisonment

Reason Democratic Republicans Rise

Immigrants were increasingly aligning with Jefferson

The Virginia & Kentucky Resolves Penned by Madison &

Jefferson State v. Federal Authority

Nullify “unconstitutional” laws

Judicial Review not defined power Marbury v. Madison

The Adams Presidency The Revolution of 1800

The Scheme Run 2 candidates

Secure VP The Federalists

John Adams-65 Charles Pinckney-64

Democratic Republicans Thomas Jefferson-73

Aaron Burr-73 The House of Representatives

Settles Election disputes Alexander Hamilton

Detested Burr

Jefferson Burr

Ballots # 1-35

8 6

Ballot # 36 10 4

Republican Agrarianism Clearly Defined Political

Philosophy Three Presidents

Thomas Jefferson (1801-09) James Madison (1809-17) James Monroe (1817-25

True Republicanism Industrialization

Feared extremes in wealth Too European

Problem with Europe No room to grow

Rooted in Agrarian Society Nation of Small Farms

Subsistence Farmers Weather Cycles

Kept man close to God

The Virginia Dynasty

The Midnight Judges The Judiciary Act of 1801

President John Adams Political Ploy

Fill Government with Federalists Holding down the

Fort The Act Itself

16 New Judgeships 6 New Circuit Courts

The Midnight Judges Image of John Adams

signing appointments Midnight on last day in

office

Chief Justice John Marshall Former Sec. Of State

A Midnight Judge Failed responsibility

Sec. Of State to deliver Appointments James Madison

Jefferson’s Sec. Of State

Marbury v. Madison The Decision

Jefferson Victory Paper not needed

Jefferson Defeat Judicial Review a

Court Matter

The Louisiana Purchase Napoleon Bonaparte

Seized control of France Conquering Europe & world

Napoleonic Wars 1803-1815 Spanish Conquest

Napoleon closed Mississippi to USA

The Purchase James Monroe

New Orleans Original intent

Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord All of Louisiana

$15 Million

A Personal Dilemma Strict Constructionist

Purchasing Power Not Mentioned

Manifest Destiny Lewis & Clarke Expedition

Zebulon Pike Sacagawea

Sacagawea

Sacagawea Shoshone woman who

accompanied the Lewis and Clark Expedition, acting as an interpreter and guide, in their exploration of the Western United States

Expedition Helped Lewis and Clark

wind a waterway to the Western United States

Death Died on September 20th, 1812 Died at only age 24

The Duel Aaron Burr

Still Vice President Jefferson Hated

1804 Election Jefferson Dropping Burr

Burr running for Governor of New York Alexander Hamilton

attacks Burr in papers

The Duel Burr Challenges

Takes place in New Jersey Heights of Weehawken

“This is a mortal wound, Doctor”-A. Hamilton

Pendleton & Van Ness Joint Statement

Code Duello Two Shots fired

The Aftermath Murder in the 1st degree

New York & New Jersey Acquitted

The Non-Importation & Embargo Act The Napoleonic Wars

British Blockade of Europe American Neutrality Rights

Ships searched & cargo seized Jefferson

Maintains Neutrality

“peace, commerce, and honest friendship with all nations”-1801 Inaugural Address 1803-1812

6,000 American citizens-forced imprisonment

The Non-Importation Act-1806 Boycott of British Goods

Worked in Revolution

The Embargo Act-1807 Anchored All American

Ships Forbade them from sailing

to any foreign port Cutting off ALL imports

& exports

An Economic Disaster Exports fell

$108 - 22 Million

(1808)

The Election of 1808 Democratic Republicans

James Madison Jefferson’s Protégé

The Federalists Charles Pinckney

The Results Pinckney -47 Madison-122

War of 1812 The Chesapeake-Leopard

Affair U.S.S. Chesapeake

Commodore James Barron Norfolk, Virginia

H.M.S. Leopard Salisbury Pryce Humphreys

The Incident Humphreys requested to

search The Chesapeake Barron Refused Humphreys opened fire

Killing 3 Injuring 18-including

Barron

The Non-Intercourse Act-1809 Embargo Act-1807

Destroying U.S. economy The Act Itself

Opens trade with all countries EXCEPT Britain France

Macon’s Bill #2-1810 Lifted Embargo on Britain & France

neutrality rights Reaction

Napoleon Approves Britain Ignores

War of 1812 Tecumseh’s War

Indian Intercourse Act-1790 Acquire Indian land by Treaty only

Conflicted with westward expansion

Settlers who were attacked protected by U.S.

Tecumseh’s Alliance (1809-1811) Effort to stop white infringement in

Northwest Believed Aided by Canada

Tenskwatawa-The Prophet Tecumseh’s Brother Preached return to tradition

Rejected White clothing, alcohol, & trading

Tecumseh

Tenskwatawa

William Henry HarrisonHero of Tippecanoe

War of 1812 War Hawks

Politicians who Want War Henry Clay (KY) John C. Calhoun (SC)

Led movement for War Madison

Forced to declare war Unaware that Trade Embargo

was working England about to adopt

more conciliatory policy The Vote for War

House-79 to 49 Senate-19 to 13

All Federalists voted AGAINST the war

The Hartford Convention Talk of secession

The United States of New England Aaron Burr

To be 1st president

The Star Spangled Banner Defense of Fort McHenry

1814-Francis Scott Key Battle of Baltimore

Set to tune of British drinking song John Stafford Anacreontic

Society

March 3, 1931 Made national anthem

Other Anthems My Country,’Tis of Thee Hail, Columbia

Copy of original manuscript

1 of 2 surviving Broadsides

War of 1812 The Treaty of Ghent

John Q. Adams Son of John Adams

Headed council

Status qou Ante Bellum Relations prior to

conflict Last armed conflict

with Britain

Signed Christmas Eve, 1814

The Battle of New Orleans http://www.veoh.com/browse/videos/category/animation/watch/v1557916zyx7f8Kh#