The War of 1812

How it effected America

What are some major events leading to The War of 1812?

US shipping was being harassed, and cargo was being seized.

Britain required licenses for ships bound for EuropeFrance confiscated cargo from licensed ships

The British encouraged Tecumseh and the Shawnee to attack Americans in the Indiana Territory. (Battle of Tippecanoe)

Impressment of American sailors Many British sailors became naturalized US citizens and deserted British vessels and joined American crews.British Navy kidnapped these sailors off American ships and had them rejoin the British Navy

What are some major events leading to The War of 1812?

Economic Diplomacy Fails

Embargo Act of 1807 halted all trade with Europe

Embargo is a government ban on trade with other countries

Embargo was unpopular in port cities, especially in the North

What does embargo mean?

A.) To Capture a Ship

B.) To ban all trade with a country

C.) To go to bed

D.) To Fight a War

Jefferson FarewellEnter James Madison

Jefferson did not want to run for a 3rd termMadison was Jefferson’s Secretary of State

Madison was an author of 30 of the 81 the Federalist Papers (including No. 10 and No. 51)Considered the most important contributor to the Constitution

What was Madison’s role leading up to The War of 1812?

Non-Intercourse ActForbade trade with France and Britain; however President could reopen trade when either France or Britain lifted restrictions

War HawksSouthern congressmen favored war, even though it hurt the east

The War Hawks opposed war with Great Britain.

A.) True

B.) False

What were some of the benefits of going to war with Britain?

Why did the War Hawks want war?

To allow reopening of trade

National Pride

To stop the impresment of sailors

CANADA!!!

What were some drawbacks to going to war?

Not everyone in the US wanted to go to warMilitary was small

Standing Army was smallMilitia comprised most of our forces, and they did not like to fight outside of their state bordersNavy was quite small only 22 ships

Britain was a great Superpower and could crush us like a bug and we could lose territory that was gained in the Treaty of Paris or the Louisiana Purchase

What would happen if happen in the United States lost to Great Britain?

Declaration of War

June of 1812 Madison asked Congress for declaration of war

Vote was split along regional lines

War started with Invasion of Canada

Two Phases of War

Phase 1 – 1812-1814Britain concentrated on its war with France

• Little energy was spent on fighting America

U.S. Built a Navy• Small Navy – but very fast

• USS Constitution & USS United States

Key BattlesUS Burns York (now Toronto)

US figured the Canadians would welcome the Americans and quickly join the US to expel Britain from North America…this did not happen

Commadore Oliver Hazzard Perry Defeated the British on Lake Erie

This gave the US control of Lake Erie

Britain Blockades the Eastern SeaboardThis prevented shipping from leaving, and made the war more unpopular in the Northeast

Battle of Lake ChamplainThe US defeats the British

Which of the following was not a key battle during phase one of the War of 1812?

A.) The Battle of Lake Erie

B.) The Battle of Lake Champlain

C.) The Battle of New Orleans

D.) The Battle of York

Two Phases of War

Phase 2 – 1814Great Britain defeated Napolean and the French

• Great Britain turns their attention to the U.S.

Great Britain attacks the Americans with all forces

British Attack Washington DCIn August 1814, British Forces Sailed into Chesapeake Bay to capture Washington D.C.They burn the White House and the CapitolMadison and Congress Barely escape

Dolly Madison

“I have had a wagon filled with…the most valuable portable articles belonging to the house…I insist on waiting until the large picture of General Washington is secured.” -Dolly Madison

On To Baltimore

British head to Baltimore

Merchants sink their own ships to stop British from ships from sailing in

Guarded by the Star-Shaped Fort McHenry

Why did the American Merchants sink their own ships?

A.) To prevent British ships from sailing into the harborB.) To collect insurance

C.) To destroy their exports

D.) Because they were drunk

Battle of BaltimoreHuge Flag flew over Ft. McHenry

42 Feet X 30 Feet

The British attacked for 25 hours

The fort did not fall

Baltimore was saved

What might have happened if Baltimore had fallen to the British?

Oh Say Can You See…Unlike D.C., Baltimore was Ready for the BritishThe City militia inflicted heavy casualties on the BritishAfter bombarding Fort McHenry on September 13, 1814 The British abandon the attackFrancis Scott Key witnessed the bombardment and penned a poem which becomes the National Anthem.

The Star-Spangled BannerOh, say, can you see, by the dawn's early light,What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming?Whose broad stripes and bright stars, thro' the perilous fight'O'er the ramparts we watched, were so gallantly streaming.And the rockets red glare, the bombs bursting in air,Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there.Oh, say, does that star-spangled banner yet waveO'er the land of the free and the home of the brave? 

Treaty of GhentTreaty was Negotiated in Europe and was signed on Dec. 24, 1814 ending the war of 1812The War ended in a stalemate, where no party gained or lost any territory. The issue of impressment was not addressed, but faded on its own.

What was the name of the Treaty that ended "The War of 1812?"

A.) The Treaty of Paris of 1763

B.) The Treaty of Paris of 1783

C.) The Treaty of Tordesillas

D.) The Treaty of Ghent

Battle of New OrleansFought after the treaty was signed (but not ratified)Why was New Orleans important?Pirates and Frontiersman fought alongside US troopsMade Andrew Jackson a National hero and household nameEnsured treaty ratification

If The War of 1812 ended in a tie, why was it important?

Native American tribes in midwest lost their ally, Britain; quickens westward expansion

American manufacturing began to accelerate especially in New England when cut off from European imports.

Gave the United States a National Identity

We were able to hold our own against the British

Started us thinking about continuing westward expansion

Ended bad feelings toward the British

Creates a hero in Andrew Jackson and the William Henry Harrison

What battle never had to be fought because a treaty had already been signed?

A.) The Battle of New Orleans

B.) The Battle of the Bulge

C.) The Battle of York

D.) The Battle of Lake Erie

Who saved the picture of George Washington from the White House?

A.) Martha Washington

B.) Dolly Madison

C.) Abigail Adams

D.) Mortisha Adams

Who was President of the United States during the War of 1812?

A.) Thomas Jefferson

B.) John Adams

C.) James Madison

D.) Andrew Jackson

Who won the "War of 1812?"

A.) British

B.) French

C.) Americans

D.) It was a Tie