The War of 1812

4 CAUSES 4 FIGURES

4 EVENTS 4 EFFECTS

a b

c d

4 CAUSES 4 FIGURES

4 EVENTS 4 EFFECTS

The War of 1812Using a blank piece of paper, make four boxes, each with four boxes inside of them.

Label the boxes like this, follow along, and list 4 causes, 4 figures, 4 events & 4 effects.

1

1 1

12 2

22

3 4

3 4 3 4

3 4

4 CAUSES a

During the early 1800s, the United States traded with both France and England. But as Napoleon Bonaparte rose to power, the French went to war with most of Europe, including England. England did not like that the U.S. was trading with France, and forcibly tried to stop American ships.

1) Trade Restrictions

The War of 1812

4 CAUSES a

In order to get more soldiers and sailors to fight France in the Napoleonic wars, England kidnapped American sailors, forcing them to fight for the British. This was considered to be a hostile act by American leaders.

2) Impressment

The War of 1812

4 CAUSES a

Both the United States and England had intentions to claim lands further inland on the North American continent. The British controlled much of present-day Canada, and the United States looked to expand west across the Appalachian Mountains.

3) Land Interests

The War of 1812

4 CAUSES a

In an effort to stop American expansion west, the British sought alliances with the American Indian tribes in the Ohio Valley. The British gave the Indians weapons and supplies in the hope that they would use them against the Americans. When the Americans became aware of the British intentions, they were angered by what they saw as further British interference in America.

4) Native Attacks

The War of 1812

4 FIGURES b

James Madison is an American founding father and is considered the Father of the U.S. Constitution. Madison was the U.S. President during the War of 1812.

1) James Madison

The War of 1812

4 FIGURES b

James Monroe was the Secretary of War during the War of 1812. He made decisions about strategy and troop movement during the conflict. Monroe later became the 5th U.S. President (after Madison).

2) James Monroe

The War of 1812

4 FIGURES b

Andrew Jackson was promoted to Major General for his leadership in the War of 1812. Jackson later became the 7th U.S. President. He is the only president to have served in both the Revolutionary War and the War of 1812.

3) Andrew Jackson

The War of 1812

4 FIGURES b

Francis Scott Key was an American lawyer who wrote the Star Spangled Banner after watching Fort McHenry withstand a British Attack. Key was on board a British ship at the time, negotiating the release of prisoners.

4) Francis Scott Key

The War of 1812

4 EVENTS c

After years of military conquest, a coalition of countries defeated Napoleon, exiling him to the Island of Elba. This meant that the British could focus more military attention on the War of 1812. The British send new military personnel to North America soon after.

1) Napoleon Defeated

The War of 1812

April 6th, 1814

4 EVENTS c

General Robert Ross led British troops to attack Washington, D.C., with the orders to destroy everything in the path up to the Capitol. The interiors of the buildings that housed the House of Representatives, United States Senate, and Library of Congress were destroyed. British troops made their way toward the Executive Mansion, which they set on fire.

2) White House burns

The War of 1812

August 28th, 1814

4 EVENTS c

First Lady Dolley Madison barely escaped the fire, carrying a full portrait of George Washington with her. The British continued their attack, burning the United States Treasury to the ground. A hurricane came through the area and put out the fires. The Executive Mansion was rebuilt, painted white on the exterior, and was soon called the White House.

2) White House burns

The War of 1812

August 28th, 1814

4 EVENTS c

The five-thousand man British army marched toward Baltimore to fight the Americans at the Battle of North Point. Colonel Arthur Brooke led the British to push back the Americans, but was met with resistance.

3) Battle of Baltimore

The War of 1812

September 12th-15th, 1814

4 EVENTS c

At Fort McHenry, Major George Armistead led Americans against the British Royal Navy on September 13, 1814. The United States held its ground, forcing the British fleet to withdraw. An American flag flew over the fort the next day, signaling victory for the United States and the inspiration for Francis Scott Key’s Star-Spangled Banner.

3) Battle of Baltimore

The War of 1812

September 12th-15th, 1814

4 EVENTS c

On January 8, 1815, General Edward Packenham led British forces against Andrew Jackson’s American forces. The British were covered by the fog. It soon lifted, leaving them in the open. The Americans swiftly attacked, killing and capturing many of the British. Packenham was killed during this attack.

4) Battle of New Orleans

The War of 1812

January 8th, 1815

4 EVENTS c

The British did achieve success in a battle around the Mississippi River, but they were forced to retreat after hearing of Packenham’s death. John Lambert took control of the British and moved his troops to parts of Mississippi for safety. The battle proved inconsequential, however, since the war had already ended with the signing of the Treaty of Ghent two weeks earlier. The news had not yet reached New Orleans by the time of the battle.

4) Battle of New Orleans

The War of 1812

January 8th, 1815

4 EFFECTS d

The struggle and balance of world power occurred in Europe as powerful industrializing countries fought for dominance. But after the War of 1812, the United States began to emerge as a legitimate world power in the Western Hemisphere.

1) U.S. Gains legitimacy

The War of 1812

4 EFFECTS d

After defeating arguably the world’s most powerful country twice (the Revolutionary War and the War of 1812), Americans felt and increasing sense of national pride or ‘nationalism’. This time period is called the Era of Good Feelings.

2) Era of Good Feelings

The War of 1812

4 EFFECTS d

The United States was not successful in taking territories to the North. British and Canadian militia fought together. For the first time, a distinct Canadian identity was emerging.

3) Canadian Identity

The War of 1812

4 EFFECTS d

Best exemplified by James Monroe’s Monroe Doctrine, the United States entered a period of peace and expansion. Monroe warned European countries to stay away from developing nations in the Americas. This threat was not tested until the Spanish-American war of 1898.

4) Era of Peace, Expansion

The War of 1812