The Voice of the Job Market Automated Job Announcement ... · The Voice of the Job Market Automated...
Transcript of The Voice of the Job Market Automated Job Announcement ... · The Voice of the Job Market Automated...
The Voice of the Job MarketAutomated Job Announcement Based Skill Monitoring
Karl LedermullerWU Vienna,September 18, 2012
Outline
I General Framework
I Motivation
I Critical Assumptions
I Theory Comparison
I Methodological ApproachI HarvestingI Text Mining
I Applications - ResultsI Finance Jobs GermanyI Marketing Jobs PolandI Marketing Jobs SpainI Credential Inflation
I Conclusion and Further Outlook
General Framework 2 / 36
Outline
I General Framework
I Motivation
I Critical Assumptions
I Theory Comparison
I Methodological ApproachI HarvestingI Text Mining
I Applications - ResultsI Finance Jobs GermanyI Marketing Jobs PolandI Marketing Jobs SpainI Credential Inflation
I Conclusion and Further Outlook
Motivation 4 / 36
Motivation
I Changes on the society level (Knowledge Based Economy, LissabonStrategy, Europa 2020)
I Changes on the higher education level (Chances of the role of highereducation)
I Changes on the company level (War for Talents)
I Changes on the personal level (If everybody has to stand on tiptoes,no one sees better)
Motivation 5 / 36
Changes on the higher educational level
I According to the Total Quality Management concept companies haveto improve themselves into the direction of their customers
I This problem is highly debated in an higher education setting
I According to conflicts of goals stakeholder models are used
I A aim without goal conflict is “employability”
Motivation 6 / 36
Why job announcements?
I Clyde states:”statements in job advertisements represent the
knowledge and skills that employers would like to have and areprepared to pay for“
I Job ads are relatively short and standardized. A writer has toprioritize the content
I Access to the data source is relatively easy
Motivation 7 / 36
Outline
I General Framework
I Motivation
I Critical Assumptions
I Theory Comparison
I Methodological ApproachI HarvestingI Text Mining
I Applications - ResultsI Finance Jobs GermanyI Marketing Jobs PolandI Marketing Jobs SpainI Credential Inflation
I Conclusion and Further Outlook
Critical Assumptions 8 / 36
Critical Assumptions
I Job advertisements are published for available jobs
I Job specific requirements are known by the organization
I Job requirements are stated in job announcements
Critical Assumptions 9 / 36
Outline
I General Framework
I Motivation
I Critical Assumptions
I Theory Comparison
I Methodological ApproachI HarvestingI Text Mining
I Applications - ResultsI Finance Jobs GermanyI Marketing Jobs PolandI Marketing Jobs SpainI Credential Inflation
I Conclusion and Further Outlook
Theory Comparison 10 / 36
Outline
I General Framework
I Motivation
I Critical Assumptions
I Theory Comparison
I Methodological ApproachI HarvestingI Text Mining
I Applications - ResultsI Finance Jobs GermanyI Marketing Jobs PolandI Marketing Jobs SpainI Credential Inflation
I Conclusion and Further Outlook
Methodological Approach 12 / 36
Methodological Approach
1. Harvest data
2. Statistical analysis of data
3. Reporting (interpreting results)
Methodological Approach 13 / 36
Harvest Data
I General problem: data are saved in”informational islands“
I Therefore nodes are helpful to extract information
I One helpful node is JobRapido (search engine for jobs)
I JobRapido is available for 49 national job-markets
I Job Reader (developed with Thomas Scheller) reads contentI Next to the job ad the following information is retrieved:
I Job titleI CompanyI PortalI Location
Methodological Approach 14 / 36
Questions which can be answered with the re-trieved data
I Curriculum planningI Which content is related to a profession?I Which subclusters are part of a profession?I How is the content spatially distributed?I Profession changes over time (further research)
I Regional, economic and demografic (interaction) issuesI Credential inflationI Industry - knowledge/skill cluster (further research)I Country comparison (also over time - further research)I Qualification level issues (further research)
Methodological Approach 15 / 36
Text Mining
I Statistical Analysis with R
I Text Pre-Preparation
I Generating of a (binary) Term-Document Matrix
I Multi Dimensional Scaling
I Hierarchical Clustering
I K-Means Clustering
I Spatial Analysis
Methodological Approach 16 / 36
Text Mining
Text Corpus
Parsing
Text Database
Term-Document-Matrix Analysis
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Figure: A process model for text mining (Feinerer, 2008)
I Textmining is a subcategory of data mining,
I which tries to find patterns in (a high volume of) unstructured data.
Methodological Approach 17 / 36
Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS)
I A set of methods for discovering hidden structures inmultidimensional data
I Based on a proximity matrix these distances are mapped on a lowerdimensional (two or three dimensions) spatial representation
Figure: City Distances
Methodological Approach 18 / 36
Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS) - Controlling
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Multidimensional Scaling − Controlling Job Ads
abwechslungsreich
account
administr
analysen
anforderungen
assist
aufbau
ausgeprägtbank
belastbarkeit
berufsfeld
betriebswirtschaftlich
bewertetbilanz
bilanzierung
budget
budgetierung
denkendeutsch
dynamischen
edv
eigenverantwortung
einsatzbereitschaft
einschlägig
engagiert
entwicklung
entwicklungsmöglichkeiten
erfolg
erfolgreich
erstellen
erstellung
excel
fachlich
fähigkeit
flexibilität
führung
fundiert
funktion
genauigkeit
hak
herausfordernd
idealerweis
ifr
interess
interessant
interessiert
internen
junior
kaufmännisch
kommunik
kompetenz
konzern
kreditoren
leitung
mehrjährig
offic
personalverrechn
personalverrechnung
persönlichkeit
praxi
projekt
projekten
prozess
qualifikationen
recht
reisebereitschaft
report
sachbearbeitsale
sap
selbständig
selbstständig
seniorsteuern
strukturiert
studium
technisch
umsetzung
uni
unterstützen
unterstützung
verantwortung
verstärkung
vertrieb
vollzeit
weiterentwicklung
Methodological Approach 19 / 36
K - Means Clustering
I K - means clustering is used to find subclusters in job clusters -centroids were interpreted
I Therefore”submarkets“ can be localized and homogenous groups can
be foundI Controlling:
I tertiary education clusterI bookkeeper’s clusterI secondary education clusterI finance cluster
Methodological Approach 20 / 36
Spatial Analysis
I Using spatial information, every job application can be assignedspatially
I The heaves above project was used to receive lon/lat informations,which were harvested with the GeoMaker software from Mewsoft(freeware)
I Spatial visualization was done with RGoogleMaps
Methodological Approach 21 / 36
Outline
I General Framework
I Motivation
I Critical Assumptions
I Theory Comparison
I Methodological ApproachI HarvestingI Text Mining
I Applications - ResultsI Finance Jobs GermanyI Marketing Jobs PolandI Marketing Jobs SpainI Credential Inflation
I Conclusion and Further Outlook
Applications - Results 24 / 36
Results - Finance Jobs Germany - Map
Jobs per Province
Number of Jobs
Baden−Württemberg
Bayern
Berlin
Brandenburg
Bremen
Hamburg
Hessen
Mecklenburg−Vorpommern
Niedersachsen
Nordrhein−Westfalen
Rheinland−Pfalz
Saarland
Sachsen
Sachsen−Anhalt
Schleswig−Holstein
Thüringen
0 100 200 300 400
Applications - Results 25 / 36
Results - Finance Jobs Germany - MDS
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Multidimensional Scaling
abgeschlossen
abitur
abschluss
abwechslungsreich
abwicklung
account
agentur
aktiv
allianz
alternativberuf
analys
analytisch
anbiet
anlagen
anlagenbuchhaltung
anschreiben
anspruchsvollen
anwendungen
arbeitnehmerüberlassung
arbeitszeiten
attrakt
auftrag
ausbildung
ausbildungsangebot
ausbildungsstandort
ausgeprägt
aussagefähigen
ausschließlich
außendienst
bank
banken
bankkaufmann
basi
bearbeiten
bearbeitung
befristet
belastbarkeit
beraten
berufsausbildung
berufserfahrung
besitzen
bestenbetreuen
betriebswirtschaftlich
bevorzugt
bezahlung
bilanzbuchhalt
bildung
bildungsabschluss
branchen
buchführung
buchhalt
buchhaltung
buchung
büro
career
center
chanc
comput
control
countri
daten
datenschutz
debitoren
debitorenbuchhaltung
deutsch
deutschendienstleistungen
direkt
edv
eigen
eigenin
eigenständig
eigenverantwortlich
einarbeitung
einfach
einkommen einsatz
einsatzbereitschaft
einschlägig
engag
engagiert
englisch
englischkenntnissentsprechend
entwickeln
entwicklung
erfahrung
erfahrungen
erfolg
erfolgreich
erfolgreichen
erfolgt
erstellen
erstellung
erstklassig
erwarten
erwartet
euro
europa
excel
extern
extra
fachhochschulreif
fachlich
fahrerlaubni
fahrzeug
festanstellung
financ
financi
finanz
finanzberat
finanzberatung
finanzbuchhalt
finanzbuchhaltung
finanzdienstleist
finanzdienstleistungen
finanzen
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flexibilität
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freier
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heut
hgb
idealerweis
ifr
individuell
innov
interess
interessant
interessiert
international
internationalen
internen
jahresabschluss
jahresabschlüss
jahresabschlüssen
kaufmann
kaufmännisch
kaufmännischen
keineführung
kleinbuss
kollegen
kommunik
kommunikationsfähigkeit
kompetenz
kontenabstimmung
kostenlo
kreditoren
kreditorenbuchhaltung
kundenberatung
kundenorientierung
leistungen
leistungsbereitschaft
leiter
lernen
letzten
lohn
lösungen
mahnwesen
manag
mandanten
maß
mehrjährig
melden
mittelständisch
mitwirkung
monatlich
motiv
national
notwendig
nutzen
offic
persönlichen
perspekt
perspektiven
pflege
pkw
praktikum
privat
programm
projekt
projekten
provis
prozess
prüfung
qualifik
qualifikationen
qualifiziert
quartal
rechnungswesen
recht
regelmäßig
reif
reis
renommiert
renommierten
report
sachbearbeit
sap
schnell
schritt
schulabschluss
selbständig
selbstständig
selbstverständlich
sicher
social
softwar
sozialleistungen
spaß
spezialisiert
sprachkenntniss
stärken
starten
steuerberat
steuerfachangestellt
strukturiert
studium
sucht
systematisch
tabellarisch
tarif
tarifvertrag
tätig
tätigkeiten
team
teamfähigkeit
teilen
teilzeit
telefonischtelekommunik
überlassung
übernahm
übernehmen
überwachung
überzeugen
umfassend
unbefristet
unternehmerisch
unterstützen
unterstützung
ursprünglichverantwortlich
verantwortung
verbuchung
vereinbarung
verfügbarkeit
vergütungsangebot
verkauf
vermittlung
versicherung
versicherungen
versicherungsfachmann
versicherungskaufmann
verstärkung
vertragsart
vertrieb
verwaltungvielfältig
vollständig
vollzeit
voraussetzungen
vorbereitung
weiterbildung
weiterentwicklung
weltweit
wenig
wirtschaftwissen
wochenstunden
word
wünschenswert
zahlungsverkehr
zeit
zeitarbeit
zukunft
zuverlässig
zuverlässigkeit
zwingend
Applications - Results 26 / 36
Results - Marketing Jobs Poland - MDS
Configuration Plot
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Applications - Results 28 / 36
Results - Marketing Jobs Spain - MDS
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Applications - Results 30 / 36
Credential Inflation
According to Krugmans (1991) core-periphery modell und Spences (1973)signalling theory the following is assumed:
I There are different market equilibra on the job market according tothe core-periphery model
I Core markets are defined as markets with a high amount of
”credential production“
I Employees expect a certain educational level (signal) from a potentialemployer
I This signals are seen as lower limit
Therefore it is expected, that the demand for a higher educational level ishigher in core regions than in periphery regions - this can be interpreted asan inflationary effect.(core regions Austria: Vienna; Germany: Mannheim, Cologne, Munich andBerlin)
Applications - Results 31 / 36
Credential Inflation - sample
search term sample size Germany sample size Austria
controlling 8425 1696marketing 7483 860
projekt 4710 1131prozess 6719 437einkauf 2489 216
informatik 3671 1246logistik 8856 1265
management 8062 617accounting 308 310
Table: List of job search terms and sample sizes in Germany and Austria
Applications - Results 32 / 36
Credential Inflation - Austria
search term grad core !grad core grad peri !grad peri cred. ratio core cred. ratio peri effect in %
controlling 77 711 47 861 0.0977 0.0518 88.61%marketing 15 174 9 662 0.0794 0.0134 492.54%
projekt 26 328 23 754 0.0734 0.0296 147.97%prozess 21 163 18 235 0.1141 0.0711 60.48%einkauf 1 52 7 156 0.0189 0.0429 -126.98%
informatik 52 536 39 619 0.0884 0.0593 49.07%logistik 7 317 18 923 0.0216 0.0191 13.08%
management 24 203 6 384 0.1057 0.0154 586.36%accounting 8 106 8 188 0.0702 0.0408 72.06%
Table: List of job search terms and metrics (Austria)
Applications - Results 33 / 36
Credential Inflation - Germany
search term grad core !grad core grad peri !grad peri cred. ratio core cred. ratio peri effect in %
controlling 221 1215 928 6059 0.1539 0.1328 15.89%marketing 187 1154 508 3880 0.1394 0.1158 20.38%
projekt 111 567 532 3494 0.1637 0.1321 23.92%prozess 172 893 874 4776 0.1615 0.1548 4.33%einkauf 36 330 193 1930 0.0983 0.0909 8.14%
informatik 128 543 535 2465 0.1907 0.1783 6.95%logistik 65 741 389 7657 0.0806 0.0483 66.87%
management 204 1264 840 5749 0.1390 0.1274 9.11%accounting 4 68 11 225 0.0555 0.0466 19.10%
Table: List of job search terms and metrics (Germany)
Applications - Results 34 / 36
Outline
I General Framework
I Motivation
I Critical Assumptions
I Theory Comparison
I Methodological ApproachI HarvestingI Text Mining
I Applications - ResultsI Finance Jobs GermanyI Marketing Jobs PolandI Marketing Jobs SpainI Credential Inflation
I Conclusion and Further Outlook
Conclusion and Further Outlook 35 / 36
Conclusion
I Automated analysis of job announcements can help to addinformation in several fields
I Observation of job related information could generally help to supportdecision making processes in HEI’s
I Further research could focus on changes over time
I The importance of text sources will increase in social science
Conclusion and Further Outlook 36 / 36