The Vision of Vehicle The Vision of Vehicle Infrastructure Integration (VII)Infrastructure Integration (VII)

Ralph L. RobinsonITS Integration Office

September, 2007

Cooperative Highways

MOBILITYSignal Control Traveler InformationCongestion Information

SAFETY Collision Avoidance Emergency AlertsWeather Conditions

The Driving Forces

42,000 People Die Every Year on Our RoadwaysLeading Cause of Death Between Ages 4 – 3350% of the Deaths Occur from Intersection Collision and Roadway Departure

Traffic Crashes Cost the Economy $230 B/YrTraffic Congestion Costs Americans $78 B/YrCongestion Wastes Billions of Gallons of Fuel

Year

Travel Delay (billions of

hours)

"Wasted Fuel“(billions of

gallons)

Congestion Cost

(billions of dollars)

1982 0.8 0.5 $14.91995 2.5 1.7 $45.42004 4.0 2.7 $73.12005 4.2 2.9 $78.2

Source: Texas Transportation Institute

Cost of Congestion

We Can Not Build Out More Roads

Duration4.5 hours per day

Extent33% of travel

37% average delay

Intensity

Intensity13% average delay

Congestion In 2003

Extent67% of travel

7 hours per dayDuration

Congestion In 1982

Weekday Peak-Period Congestion Has Grown in Several Ways in Our Largest Cities

Source: Analysis of data used in 2005 Urban Mobility Report, Texas Transportation Institute.

Cooperative Systems Can Help?

“Cars that refuse to have accidents …”If every car knows its neighbors speed, location and direction, eminent threats of collision can be mitigated with warnings to drivers followed by intrusive control Can you envision a road network with no traffic signals?

Over a hundred Use Cases have been identified:Safety Mobility Convenience

Two basic types of communication:Vehicle-to-Vehicle Vehicle-to-Infrastructure

Safety ApplicationsApproaching Emergency Vehicle WarningBlind Spot WarningCooperative Forward Collision WarningEmergency Electronic Brake LightsHighway Merge AssistantHighway/Rail Collision WarningLane Change WarningPre-crash SensingVehicle-based Road Condition WarningVehicle-to-vehicle Road Feature NotificationVisibility EnhancerWrong Way Driver Warning

Curve Speed WarningEmergency Vehicle Signal PreemptionIntersection Collision WarningIn-vehicle Amber AlertLeft Turn AssistantLow Bridge WarningLow Parking Structure WarningPedestrian Crossing Information at IntersectionRoad Condition WarningStop Sign Movement AssistanceStop Sign Violation WarningTraffic Signal Violation WarningWork Zone Warning

Mobility Applications

Cooperative Adaptive Cruise ControlIn-vehicle SignageWeather Alert NotificationsIcy Bridges WarningsROW PlanningPot Hole Detection (maintenance)Signal Phasing (traffic flow optimization)Incident Observation and MitigationRoadway Incidence Assistance

Traffic Advisories (routing, re-routing assistance)Navigation AssistanceFleet Management (logistics control)Hazardous Material Path EnforcementCargo TrackingTravel Information (available facilities, parking, special events, timing)

Consumer and Commercial Services

Parking Location AssistanceParking Access (security / payment)Food Drive-through PaymentRoadway Toll PaymentDownload Data Files (MP3, games)Software/Firmware UpdatesRemote DiagnosticsCustomer Relations ManagementDealer Service Scheduling

Personal Device SynchronizationHome Network Content SynchronizationRemote Control (home access, garage door, home lighting)Secure Access (Enterprise access)Just-in-time Repair NotificationSafety Recall Notification

Initial “Day One” ApplicationsGotta start somewhere!

Traffic Signal Violation WarningStop Sign Violation WarningIn-vehicle Signage (road advisory and local info)Roadway Conditions (weather and potholes)Traffic Management and ControlAlternate Route GuidanceTraffic Information (OEM)Electronics Payments (tolls, gasoline and parking)

Vehicle Infrastructure IntegrationVehicle Infrastructure Integration

Traffic Management

SystemsSatellite-Vehicle

Roadside communication Equipment (RSE)

VII Network Operations

Center

Vehicle-to-Vehicle

Vehicle-Cellular

Traveler Information

Systems

Vehicle-Infrastructure

GPS Cellular Communication

System

Mobility & Safety Application Server

Cellular Service ProvidersNetwork Operations Center

VII Systems EnablersCommunications systemProbe data collectionDynamic map databaseLane accuracy positioning systemOn-board computers need:

Software provisioning System diagnostics and maintenanceConfiguration managementSecurity frameworkEnhanced Human Machine Interfaces (displays, alarms)

VII Architecture Framework

VII IPv6 Network

OEM/ISP applications

TOCs and other public sector users

VII Message SwitchRegistrationsSubscriptionsOperations

RulesManagementMaintenance

Map and differential corrections

server

VII network management applications

Antenna

Onboard Equipment (OBE)

GPS

Applications processor

HMI interface

Vehicle services

HMI

Body chassis systems

Driver

Other vehicles

Other communications WiFi, Cellular etcetera

RSU & processor

Router

GPS Antenna

Signal controller

DSRC

Local safety

processor

Roadside Equipment (RSE)

RSU’s DSRC antenna

GPS receiver

GPS

GPS

VEHICLES FIELDV-V

Antenna

OBE

GSA Certification

Authority (CA)

CENTERS

I/O Controller

Other Message Switches

OBU

RSU Provisioning

server

OBE Provisioning

server

Content and services

Firewall

EXTERNAL USERS

Note: Grayed boxes are peripheral and not part of the core

VII architecture

Gateway to other

communication systems

Other communications

VII Architecture Framework

VII IPv6 Network

OEM/ISP applications

TOCs and other public sector users

VII Message SwitchRegistrationsSubscriptionsOperations

RulesManagementMaintenance

Map and differential corrections

server

VII network management applications

Antenna

Onboard Equipment (OBE)

GPS

Applications processor

HMI interface

Vehicle services

HMI

Body chassis systems

Driver

Other vehicles

Other communications WiFi, Cellular etcetera

RSU & processor

Router

GPS Antenna

Signal controller

DSRC

Local safety

processor

Roadside Equipment (RSE)

RSU’s DSRC antenna

GPS receiver

GPS

GPS

VEHICLES FIELDV-V

Antenna

OBE

GSA Certification

Authority (CA)

CENTERS

I/O Controller

Other Message Switches

OBU

RSU Provisioning

server

OBE Provisioning

server

Content and services

Firewall

EXTERNAL USERS

Note: Grayed boxes are peripheral and not part of the core

VII architecture

Gateway to other

communication systems

Other communications

Roadside

UsersCenters

Vehicle

DSRC Radio

FCC has allocated 75MHz at 5.9GHzSafety Applications (1st priority)• Other applications acceptable

Licensed Spectrum • stability with minimum Interference

Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) Based on variation of WiFi IEEE 802.11pLine of sight300 to 1000 feet range (power modulation possible)Low Latency/fast connecting/priority attributes

Frequency (GHz)

5.85

0

5.85

5

5.86

0

5.86

5

5.87

0

5.87

5

5.88

0

5.88

5

5.89

0

5.89

5

5.90

0

5.90

5

5.91

0

5.91

5

5.92

0

5.92

5

5.83

5

5.84

0

5.84

5

Uplink

Downlink

Ch 172 Ch 174 Ch 176 Ch 180 Ch 184Ch 182Ch 178

PublicSafety/Private

Public SafetyIntersectionsControl

Channel

PublicSafety/Private

PublicSafety/Private

IntersectionsControl Veh-VehDedicated Public Safety

Short Rng ServiceMed Rng ServiceShared Public Safety/Private

PublicSafety/Private

PublicSafety

Veh-Veh

DSRC 10 MHz Channel Usage Plan

40 dBm

33 dBm

23 dBm

Power LimitPower Limit

Power Limit

44.8 dBm

Multiple Communications Technologies Multiple Communications Technologies

Traffic Management

SystemsSatellite-Vehicle

Roadside communication Equipment (RSE)

VII Network Operations

Center

Vehicle-to-Vehicle

Vehicle-Cellular

Traveler Information

Systems

Vehicle-Infrastructure

GPS Cellular Communication

System

Mobility & Safety Application Server

Cellular Service ProvidersNetwork Operations Center

The Partnership

NHTSANHTSA

FHWAFHWA

AASHTOPolicy leadership & advocacy at

state level

Technical participation & field tests

USDOTNational leadership

Technical management

Funding

Automobile ManufacturersPrivate leadership & advocacy

Technical participation & field tests

Active State DOTs

Structure of working relationships

National Working Group is National Working Group is comprised of all member comprised of all member stakeholders stakeholders

VII National Working Group VII National Working Group needs are Supported by needs are Supported by senior management senior management Executive Leadership TeamExecutive Leadership Team

Organizational Support as required

VII Executive Leadership Team

VII National Working Group (WG)

Institutional Issues

Business Case

Outreach

Architecture

Test Bed

Institutional Issues

PrivacyLiabilityData Ownership

Protecting Privacy is Essential

Public entities have access to vehicle VII dataVII System design does not have access to driver or vehicle identification

Does not support law enforcementPrivate services available on Opt-in basis only

Drafted Privacy Principles

Core Non-Technical Issues

1. Funding for Deployment2. Deployment of roadside equipment3. Operations Management4. Governance Structure5. Data Availability and Accessibility6. Security Certificate Management7. Other Issues

Long Deployment Delays Safety Vision

Full safety benefits come from all vehicles particpatingNon-participating vehicles, pedestrians and animals are non-visible to VII vehiclesAutonomous safety systems are needed to fill the gap

0

10

20

3

0

40

50

60

70

8

0

90

100

% V

ehic

le P

opul

atio

n

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

VIIVII--Equipped Vehicle Population ProjectionEquipped Vehicle Population Projection

New

Cars

Equip

ped f

rom

Fact

ory

Tota

l Veh

icle

s on

Roa

dway

Antique and Collector vehicles not converted

Assumes:

250 million vehicles on road

16 million built each year

0

10

20

3

0

40

50

60

70

8

0

90

100

% V

ehic

le P

opul

atio

n

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Aftermarket VII Devices May Accelerate Deployment Aftermarket VII Devices May Accelerate Deployment

New

Cars

Equip

ped f

rom

Fact

ory

Tota

l Veh

icle

s on

Roa

dway

Antique and Collector vehicles not converted

Assumes:

250 million vehicles on road

16 million built each year

Tota

l Veh

icle

s on

Roa

dway

Improved densities

ITS RelationshipsITS Relationships

2010 Timeline 2060

0%

V

II E

quip

ped

Veh

icle

s10

0%VII Function vs VII Function vs Vehicle DensityVehicle Density

Assumes full coverage areaAssumes full coverage area

Traffic Info

Safety Warnings

Roadway Situational Awareness

Active Controls

Crash Avoidance

Automated

Highways

Traffic Management

VII Equipped Population

Crashes

Detroit Test EnvironmentDetroit Test Environment

Initial VII development project between OEMS and USDOTVII Proof of Concept Confirmation

Testing concept hardware and softwareConcept applications selected for system performance confirmation

Vehicle fleet tested at a facility located in Novi, MI.Small fleet (25 vehicles) gathering probe data over 2 months UMTRI provided 5 vehicles for full system performance and application testing and verificationFleet to be equipped and operated by Roush Engineering under VIIC Contract

California Proof of Concept Test Bed

Innovative Mobility Showcase 2005Network of DSRC devices

12 currently, 40 plannedBackhaul network T1 wireline, 3G cellular, WiMax

Bay area has 60 miles of freeways & arterials deployedTesting applications

Signal informationCurve warningVehicle probesIn-vehicle signing

Major demonstrations of ITS and vehicle-roadway communications systemsPermanent installations to stay in New York2008 demonstration intended to showcase VII for public and private sector decision makers

ITS-A World Congress - Nov 2008

15th World Congress on ITS and 2008 ITS America

Annual Meeting

Thank YouThank You