Click to edit Master title style

The various uses of Simulation.

Click to edit Master title style

• Early simulation, I can remember these early boxes on springs.

• They tried to create the feeling of flight, but what simulation can do is enable the user to recreate a recipe or a series of instructions that will be necessary to achieve a satisfactory result in the real thing.

History

Click to edit Master title stylePurpose of Simulation. (Stage 1)

• Simulation re-creates the real world in a semi believable way.

• In a flight simulator you are not actually flying but you are trying to follow that sequence of events and use the appropriate controls to manage that event.

• So in the flight simulator you can learn the appropriate sequence of control actions to which will meet a pre-set criteria and allow the “aircraft” to take of or land as the case may be.

• So stage 1 of simulation is to teach the candidate the recipe of control actions and parameters to monitor, needed to carry out an event such as landing.

Click to edit Master title styleSimulation as an Assessment Tool. (stage 1A)

• We have come along way from model boats to assess rules of the road.

• The modern simulator can track trends so we can analyse what the student is doing.

• If the student denies taking a particular course of action we can show them when they did it.

• We can examine why they did what they did and if they followed procedures.

Click to edit Master title styleThe Second Stage (2) (fault diagnosis)

• In the second stage the candidate already has a working knowledge of the simulator. They have the system in their mind so to speak.

• So when an observed event does not correlate with what they expected to happen there is some deviation from the norm, then they can consider what may have caused that to happen.

•

• This is used in all Simulators to test the candidates knowledge of the system.

• Diagnosis of Faults this is where the observed behaviour of a system differs from the expected behaviour.

• Deciding what the fault actually is can come from experience or from further investigation.

Click to edit Master title styleFull Mission Engine Room Simulator

Click to edit Master title styleSwitch Board on the Engine Room Simulator.Can be adapted for different ship types.

Click to edit Master title styleThird Stage (3) Experimentation and Investigation

• This is where a particular event has occurred.

• Such as a Near Miss or an Accident.

• By running re-construction’s of the event, the most likely series of events can be analysed.

• An exact re-construction of the particular event may not actually be possible.

• But a likely scenario can be extracted and then used to inform.

• In fact the simulator itself is a useful tool in informing the interested parties, the run can be filmed or copied and broadcast.

Click to edit Master title styleFull Mission Bridge 270°

Click to edit Master title styleLunar Lander (thinking outside the box) (Challenge)

• The Lunar Lander game's ancestor. In this game the player enters values in order to land a Space Vehicle on the Moon. Lunar Landing Game’s gameplay consisted of a turn-based question and answer session, asking the user for the rocket fuel burn rate at each turn, which the user would then enter as a number from 0 to 200.

• (1) After each second, the height, velocity, and remaining fuel was reported to you. (2) After each report, a ‘?’ was displayed and you entered the number of units of fuel you wish to burn during the next second. Each unit of fuel slowed your descent by 1 ft/sec.

• Mathematicians sat down and worked out the most economic fuel rate burn.

• The game came out in the same year that Apollo 11 landed on the moon.

Click to edit Master title styleFourth Stage (4) Investigation & Research

• All three types of Simulator at Warsash were used in the Horizon Project to look at Fatigue.

• At the moment the Bridge Simulators are being used in a Project to look at the use of Unmanned Vessels. They may also be used in a Project looking at Traffic Management

Click to edit Master title styleInstructor Station for Bridge Testing of MAXCMAS

Click to edit Master title styleResearch Capable Simulation

• Due to our past history of carrying out different forms of research on our Simulators.

• When we move to Southampton that capability will stay built into our simulators

Click to edit Master title styleLiquid Cargo Operations Simulator (LICOS)

• Through L3 'WISE Intelligent System Technology' we are able to replicate real time effects of all operational issues.

• The mathematical models developed allow exact replication of temperatures, pressures, levels, flow rates, statistical information, and value opening and closing timing.

• Our technology allows for simultaneous control of all parameters. We use an MPRI simulator, which was originally developed at Warsash and is approved by DNV as a Class A maritime simulator.

Click to edit Master title styleLICOS Simulation

Simulation at Warsash has never

been just operating the

simulator. It is dealing with the

operation as a whole. So it

includes interacting with other

members of the crew and the

jetty operator in order to ensure

a safe operation that follows the

ship and company procedures.

Click to edit Master title styleCommunications and Role Play

• Communication and role playing had always been a vital component of the LICOS Simulation at Warsash. This was originally catered for with the technicians homemade headset based system. This was initially replaced with a software solution but this interfered with the PC operating system and so was replaced by the telephone handset system we have to the present day.

• Once the PC based system came online then the developers could concentrate on creating many more models which Warsash would be the beta testers for the various models.

• Ship Analytics were purchased by L3.

Click to edit Master title style

TRAINING DURATION0%

100%

Click to edit Master title styleTrends

• We now use a trend based system which allows us to capture various details such as pressure or the position of a valve for instance. By selecting the appropriate trends to be measured, the instructor can gain an insight into whether the student actually understands the procedures and underlying principles behind the task he/she is actually carrying out.

Click to edit Master title styleFour screens to present more information.

Click to edit Master title styleLNG Carrier Compressor Room

Click to edit Master title styleSuez Max Inert Gas Plant.

Click to edit Master title style

Insert picture here

Click to edit Master title style

Insert picture here

Click to edit Master title style

Click to edit Master title style

Insert picture here

Click to edit Master title styleHistory of LICOS Simulation.

• The first LICOS Course was run on the 25th September 1989. The original main frame computer was a development between UK department of Trade and Industry, Ferranti International Computer Systems, College of Nautical Studies Warsash and the Chemical Engineering Department of Edinburgh University.

• There were two original models both based on real ships, a fully refrigerated LPG carrier, the Garbetta and the single hulled VLCC Mobile Eagle. The people involved from Warsash were Capt. George Angas, who led the original concept in the early 1980’s, Eric Lake who drew up the screen layouts from 1985-88, and Dr Mike Barnett who designed the original training programmes in 1988. Leading the development team from Ferranti was Dr Edgar Ernstbrunner. Mike and Edgar ran the first site acceptance tests and Mike and the late Will Roberts ran the courses until Mike handed over to Mr Ray Gillett in 1993.

Click to edit Master title styleMain Frame Computer

• This implementation of LICOS comprised a computer driven assembly of interactive colour graphics terminals for the students use controlled by the instructors display terminal where exercises can be selected, system malfunctions injected and student performance monitored. There were a maximum of 6 students and each had their own ship model to operate. The system could also be configured to reproduce a single control room with 6 screens

• At the heart of the system is a set of mathematical models that incorporate the thermodynamics as well a fluid dynamics which thus depict the actual flows and interactions between fluids and vapours very realistically. The software was written in “Fortran”.

• In this first incarnation the main frame was programed by a blue cassette that held 20 Mb of data.

Click to edit Master title style• The instructors controlled the exercise by entering dos based

codes the students controlled the model with early touch based screens which did pose a few problems. These were replaced by screens that were operated by light pens. The early courses were approved by the MCA for remission of (6 weeks?) sea time from the DCE certificates requirements for a one week course, a testament to the fidelity of the simulator.

• We believe it was the first computer-based liquid cargo simulator in the world. The desire to build more models and the need to move the main frame computer from its original site on the opposite side of the road led to is move to its current location in Whalley Wakeford. The main frame technology was replaced by PC based window’s technology. With the help of an American simulator manufacturer called Ship Analytics. The student screen went to mouse based screen operating system.

Click to edit Master title styleResearch and Assessment

• The DNV Sea Skills Project in 2006 utilised the simulator as an assessment platform to demonstrate competence in cargo operations. Students undertook an online knowledge based exam to demonstrate underpinning knowledge of concepts and principles and then conducted several randomly selected cargo operations on the simulator. DNV launched this programme at about the same time as the industry body SIGTTO came out with their own Suggested Competence Standard which the industry adopted rather than the Sea Skill programme, although the SIGTTO standard didn’t involve any assessment it was simply a competence standard.

Click to edit Master title styleResearch

• Capturing the instructors’ knowledge in the form of an Artificial Intelligence module was developed with the assistance of Professor Tom Addis form Portsmouth University. He developed software called Clarity which allowed the knowledge of the instructor to be captured into a series of rules. Hundreds of rules were created which combined in different ways covered all normal cargo operations. The system was capable of monitoring what was happening, determining which operations were in progress, (ballasting, discharging etc.), and then implementing the rules for those operations. The instructor was presented with a traffic light system which indicated any deviation from the defined rules allowing the instructor to more easily identify when a student made mistakes.

Click to edit Master title styleSimulation for Fun (ATC 1098 Gosport)

Click to edit Master title styleComputing early days.

• Sinclair ZX Spectrum launched 21st April 1982. The Spectrum was among the first mainstream-audience home computers in the UK, similar in significance to the Commodore 64 in the USA.

Click to edit Master title styleFirst hand held electronic calculator.

• The pocket sized devices became available in the 1970s, especially after the first microprocessordeveloped by Intel for the Japanese calculator company Busicom.

Click to edit Master title styleThanks to:-

• History of LICOS Simulation

• Authors: Ivor Salter, Alan Whitcher and Mike Barnett.

• Presentation Team.

• Ivor Salter, Steve Kelsall and Nadeem Anwar.

• Presented: 5th October 2016 Warsash Lecture Theatre