The Value of Fall Hazard Risk Assessments
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Transcript of The Value of Fall Hazard Risk Assessments
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THE VALUE OF FALL HAZARD RISK ASSESSMENTS
April 11, 2023 Moderator: Speaker:KIM MESSER THOMAS E. KRAMER, P.E., C.S.P.
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Explain the basic elements of a fall hazard risk assessment
Discuss the benefits of performing an assessment
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AGENDA
Background
Fall hazard risk assessment
Benefits of assessment
Case studies
Closing
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TOTAL FALL FATALITIES
Source: BLS Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries
573 607652 623 634
659 698638
604
738
664
738 733
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Fatalities
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007Year
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TOTAL FALL FATALITIES
Source: BLS Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries
573 607652 623 634
659 698638
604
738
664
738 733
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Fatalities
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007Year
+28%
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WHY PERFORM AN ASSESSMENT?
Make the most effective investment in fall protection
Achieve compliance
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FINANCIAL REASONS
Fall protection is cost intensive> Overhead systems
> PPE
> Other, low risk hazards
Abate most risk with given budget
Know when you are done
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COMPLIANCE REASONS – OSHA
Proposed subpart D & I – OSHA 1910 > Hazard surveys required under 1910.132
> Required for categories of falls listed under subpart D
I2P2 proposed regulation> Injury and Illness Prevention Program
> Focus on assessments, not how to abate hazards already
identified
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COMPLIANCE REASONS – OTHER
ANSI Z359.2 standard> Required for all tasks exposing workers to fall hazard
> Surveys must include identification of possible abatements
Voluntary Protection Program (VPP)> Management Leadership and Employee Involvement
> Worksite Analysis
> Hazard Prevention and Control
> Safety and Health Training
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GETTING TO KNOW YOUR RISK
Do nothing
Methods
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GETTING TO KNOW YOUR RISK
Do nothing
Methods
1. Suggestion programs
2. Statistics
3. Job hazard analysis
4. Facility walk-through
5. Wall-to-wall fall hazard risk assessment
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Suggestion programs
> Areas of keen interest
> Frequently accessed/hazardous areas
> Larger group
> Continuous improvement
METHODS
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Statistics
> Bureau of Labor Statistics (bls.gov)
METHODS
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FALL FATALITIES BY WORK ACTIVITY
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
Roofs
Ladders
Scaffolds
Non-movingvehiclesStrucSteel
Source: BLS Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries
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Statistics
> Bureau of Labor Statistics (bls.gov)
> NIOSH FACE reports
Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation
> Industry-wide incidents
> Organization-wide incidents
METHODS
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Job hazard analysis
> Typically developed after hazard is identified
> No analysis of risk relative to other hazards
METHODS
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Facility walk-through
> Competent or qualified person
> Identifies typical hazards
> Prioritize typical hazards
> Estimate abatement cost
> Specific to job function (internal)
> Objective set of eyes (external)
METHODS
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Wall-to-wall fall hazard risk assessment
> Competent or qualified person
> Objective set of eyes
> Comprehensive vs. typical
> Management of data
> PREFERRED
METHODS
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Suggestionprograms
Facilitywalk-through
StatisticsWall-to-wallfacility survey
METHODS
Job Safety Analysis
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AGENDA
Background
Fall hazard risk assessment
Benefits of assessment
Case studies
Closing
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BASIC ELEMENTS
1. Find out what and where the true issues are
2. Assess risk through priorities and abatement options
3. Select and implement the appropriate solution
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BASIC ELEMENTS
1. Find out what and where the true issues are> Involve facility personnel
• Kick-off meeting
• Incentive programs
• Each unit
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BASIC ELEMENTS
1. Find out what and where the true issues are> Conduct fall hazard survey
• Task descriptions and exposures
• Photograph hazards
• Hazard data
– Location
– Type of task
– Category
– Level or elevation
– Department
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WHAT IS CONSIDERED A HAZARD?
Proposed 29 CFR 1910 Subpart D&I
§ 1910.28 Duty to have fall protection
§ 1910.29 Fall protection systems criteria and practices
Hazard surveys required under 1910.132 and the categories
of falls listed under subpart D
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HAZARD LOCATIONS
§ 1910.28 Duty to have fall protection> (b) Protection from fall hazards
1. Unprotected sides and edges
2. Hoist areas
3. Holes
4. Dockboards (bridge plates)
5. Runways and similar walkways
6. Dangerous equipment
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HAZARD LOCATIONS
§ 1910.28 Duty to have fall protection (cont.)7. Wall openings
8. Repair, service, and assembly pits (pits) less than 10 feet in
depth
9. Fixed ladders
10.Outdoor advertising (billboards)
11.Stairways
12.Scaffolds (including rope descent systems)
13.Walking-working surfaces not otherwise addressed
14.Protection for floor holes
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HAZARD LOCATIONS
§ 1910.29 Fall protection systems criteria and practices> (b) Guardrail systems
> (c) Safety net systems
> (d) Designated areas
> (e) Covers
> (f) Handrail and stair rail systems
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HAZARD LOCATIONS
§ 1910.29 Fall protection systems criteria and practices (cont.)> (g) Cages, wells, and platforms used with fixed ladders
> (h) Qualified Climbers
> (i) Ladder safety systems
> (j) Personal fall protection systems
> (k) Protection from falling objects
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BASIC ELEMENTS
2. Assess risk through priorities and abatement options> Develop risk assessment
• Probability
– Number of workers exposed
– Frequency of exposure
– Duration of work
– Environmental conditions
• Severity
– Fall distance
– Obstructions in path of fall
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Hazard Probability
Hazard
Severity
Frequently
(A)
Probably
(B)
Potential
(C)
Unlikely
(D)
Fatal - Cat. IV 1 1 2 3
TTD - Cat. III 1 2 3 4
Minor Injury - Cat. II 2 3 4 5
Violation Cat. I 3 4 5 5
RISK ASSESSMENT CODES
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SIMPLE HAZARD SCORE SHEET
Rating Severity of Injury Probability of Fall
(Odds of occurring)
1 First Aid Very Low
(1/1,000,000)
3 Recordable Low
(1/10,000 – 1/1,000,000)
7 Disabling Injury Medium
(1/100 – 1/10,000)
10 Potentially Fatal High
(1 in 100)
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BASIC ELEMENTS
2. Assess risk through priorities and abatement options> Evaluate abatement option
• Low-hanging fruit
– Aerial lifts
– Scaffold
– Swing gates
• Total cost of solution
• Cost vs. risk
• Hierarchy of control
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HIERARCHY OF CONTROL
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AGENDA
Background
Fall hazard risk assessment
Benefits of assessment
Case studies
Closing
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WHERE IS YOUR GREATEST RISK?
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Hazard Probability
Hazard
Severity
Frequently
(A)
Probably
(B)
Potential
(C)
Unlikely
(D)
Fatal - Cat. IV 1 1 2 3
TTD - Cat. III 1 2 3 4
Minor Injury - Cat. II 2 3 4 5
Violation Cat. I 3 4 5 5
RISK ASSESSMENT CODES
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SIMPLE HAZARD SCORE SHEET
Rating Severity of Injury Probability of Fall
(Odds of occurring)
1 First Aid Very Low
(1/1,000,000)
3 Recordable Low
(1/10,000 – 1/1,000,000)
7 Disabling Injury Medium
(1/100 – 1/10,000)
10 Potentially Fatal High
(1 in 100)
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WHERE IS YOUR GREATEST RISK?
1 2 3 … Hazard Rank …5206
Risk
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BENEFITS OF ASSESSMENT
Validated program budget> Report cost-benefit metrics to management
Phased implementation plan
Development of procedures
Customized training
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NOW THAT YOU KNOW YOUR RISK….
3. Select and implement the appropriate solution for the highest
risk hazards> Conceptual design
> Final design
> Construction/Implementation
> Additional training
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CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
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CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
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CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
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CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
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CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
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CONCEPTUAL DESIGNS
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HAZARD CONTROL
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AGENDA
Background
Fall hazard risk assessment
Benefits of assessment
Case studies
Closing
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INSTITUTIONAL CAMPUS ASSESSMENT
Campus-wide risk assessment
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INSTITUTIONAL CAMPUS ASSESSMENT
Campus-wide risk assessment> 100+ structures surveyed on 350-acre site
> Interiors and exteriors, including roofs and process equipment
> Nearly 2,500 hazards documented
> Organized data by maintenance type, by request
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FINDINGS
Total hazards = 2,579 > Handrail/guardrail = 969
> Maintenance access to equipment = 918
> Non-compliant ladders = 688
Hazard breakdown by maintenance type:> Institutional: 38%
> Process: 33%
> Facility: 29%
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FINDINGS
Preferred Solution for Top 100 Hazards
Other11%
Guardrail18%
Fixed Platform24%
Aerial Lift27%
Scaffold20%
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REFINERY ASSESSMENT
Facility-wide risk assessment
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REFINERY ASSESSMENT
Facility-wide risk assessment> Objective set of eyes on the entire facility
> Client had ability to sort hazards from greatest risk to lowest risk
as well as by probable cost of the abatement
• Focus budget on high risk items
• Still able to pick off some low hanging fruit
> Able to combine abatements and address multiple hazards with
one solution
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WHERE IS YOUR GREATEST RISK?
1 2 3 … Hazard Rank …5206
Risk
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WHERE IS YOUR GREATEST RISK?
1 2 3 … Hazard Rank …5206
Risk
32% of risk in top 1% of hazards
77% of risk in top 10% of hazards
98% of risk in top 50% of hazards
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WHERE IS YOUR GREATEST RISK?
Hazard Rank
RiskONLY 2% of the risk, but
25% of abatement cost
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CLOSING
Ultimate goals> Reduce risk and increase safety for workers at heights
> Use your available budget to decrease as much risk as possible
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THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME
To learn more about fall protection from LJB Inc.
Blog> http://www.ljbfallprotectionblog.com
Podcasts – 60 Seconds for Safety> http://www.ljbinc.com/safetybydesign
YouTube video> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dk7F8UJxnLU
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THE VALUE OF FALL HAZARD RISK ASSESSMENTS
April 11, 2023 Moderator: Speaker:KIM MESSER THOMAS E. KRAMER, P.E., C.S.P.