The use of Typography in Print and

electronically

Creative Design Assignment- Group Presentation

What does Typography mean???

The art and technique of printing with movable type.

The composition of printed material from movable type.

The arrangement and appearance of printed matter.

The art of printing with types; the use of types to produce impressions on paper, vellum, etc

(Dictionary.com)

History Of Typography

Typography timeline15,000-10,000 BC (Cave Paintings)

9,000 BC

8,000 BC

7,000 BC

6,000 BC

5,000 BC

4,000 BC

3,100 BC (Early Sumerian pictographs)

2,500 BC (Early cuneiform writing)

1.000 BC (early Greek alphabet)

400 BC (Demonic Script)

197 BC (Rosetta Stone)

190 BC (Parchment used for manuscripts

0

105 AD (Ts’ai Lun invents paper)

200 AD

300 AD

394 AD (Last hieroglyphic inscription)

500 AD (Uncial lettering)

600 AD (Insular lettering

700 AD

770 AD (Early Chinese relief painting)

800 AD

868 AD (Earliest printed manuscript)

900 AD 1000 AD

1040 Ad (Chinese invent moveable type)

1100 AD

1200 AD

1300 AD

1400 AD

1440 AD (Guttenberg printing press)

1455 AD (42-line bible completed)

1467 AD (First Roman style type)

1501 AD (Italic style of type invented by Griffo)

1523 AD (claude Garamond develops Garamond typeface)

1780 AD (Bodoni font developed by Giambattissta Bodoni)

1803 AD (First production paper machine)

1814 AD (Steam powered press developed)

1816 AD (First Sans Serif type face)

1865 AD (French Antique Font (AKA Playbill))

1901 AD (Beherenschrift Copperplate Gothic font developed by F.Goudy)

1915 AD (Goudy Oldstyle developed by F.goudy)

1929 AD (Broadway font developed by M.F. Benton

1932 AD (Times Roman developed by Morrison)

1950 AD (Palatino developed by Herman Zapf

1953 AD (Mistral developed by Roger Excotton)

1957 AD (Helvetica developed)

1975 Ad (ITC Bookman developed by Ed Benguiat,ITC Century, Cheltenham, and Garamond developed by Tony Stan)

1982 AD Versailles developed by Adrian Frutiger)

1985 AD (300 dpi laser printer invented

First humans communicated only through speaking and simple drawings known as petroglyths (signs or simple figures carved in rock).

Many of these are pictographs -- pictures or sketches that visually resemble that which is depicted.

E.g., cave painting from Lascaux, France, c. 15,000-10,000 BC

http://www.tcf.ua.edu/Classes/Jbutler/T389/ITHistoryOutline.htm

15,000-10,000 (Cave paintings)

First development of signs corresponding to spoken sounds, instead of pictures, to

express words. Starting in c. 3100 B.C., the Sumerians in

Mesopotamia (southern Iraq) devised cuneiform -- the first true written

language and the first real information system.

Pronounced "coo-nay-eh-form" Cuneiform's evolution:

Early pictographic tablet (3100 B.C.).

3,100 BC (Early Sumerian pictographs)

Pictographs were turned on their sides (2800 B.C.) and then developed into actual cuneiform symbols (2500 B.C.) -- as this clay tablet illustrates.

Around 2000 B.C., Phoenicians created symbols that expressed single syllables and

consonants (the first true alphabet). The Greeks later adopted the Phoenician

alphabet and added vowels; the Romans gave the letters Latin names to create the alphabet

we use today.

Alphabet

Paper and Pens--input technologies.

Sumerians' input technology was a stylus that could scratch marks in wet clay. About 2600 B.C., the Egyptians wrote on the papyrus plant

Papyrus Plant

Moveable clay and metal type are processes much more efficient than hand copying. The use of movable type in printing was invented in 1041 AD by Bi Sheng  in China. Bi used clay type, which broke easily, but eventually China and Korea sponsored the production of metal type (a type foundry was established by the Korean government in the early 15th Century). Since there are thousands of Chinese characters, the benefit of the technique is not as obvious as in European languages. The movable type did spur additional scholarly pursuits in Song China and facilitated more creative modes of printing, but it did not replace block printing until modern Western printing systems were introduced.

1040 Ad (Chinese invent moveable type)

http://www.computersmiths.com/chineseinvention/movtype.htm

It was called the "Sholes & Glidden Type Writer," and it was produced by the gun makers E. Remington & Sons in Ilion, NY from 1874-1878. It was not a great success (not more than 5,000 were sold), but it founded a worldwide industry, and it brought mechanization to dreary, time-consuming office work.

1874-1878 The first Typewriter

We now know the basic history of The use of typography in print and how it developed over the years.

Bibliography

www.planet-typography.com www.typophile.com

www.redsun.com

www.askjeeves.com

www.pointlessart.com

www.truetype.demon.co.uk

www.sigmbi.org

www.dictionary.com

The use of Typography Electronically