The uptake of PDUs in France from a national point of view · The uptake of PDUs in France from a...
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Thomas DURLIN Cerema and ENDURANCE Project Bruxelles, 25 February 2016 Endurance workshop : SUMPs and national frameworks The uptake of PDUs in France from a national point of view
Transcript of The uptake of PDUs in France from a national point of view · The uptake of PDUs in France from a...
Thomas DURLINCerema and ENDURANCE Project
Bruxelles, 25 February 2016
Endurance workshop : SUMPs and national frameworks
The uptake of PDUs in France from a national point of view
ENDURANCE workshop - SUMPs and national frameworks2015-02-25
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Content
● Mobility plans in France : legal framework, sort of plans
● Monitoring from the national level
● Enforcement ?
● Impacts on mobility behaviour
● Perspectives for mobility planning
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20 years of PDU legal framework
PDU created
Not mandatory
More rational use of car
PDU mandatory in large urban
areas
Objectives, content and
process defined
Better integration between land-use
and transport
More obligations on parking and
freight
Accessibility to the mobility
chain for all (people with
reduced mobility)
PDU and climate
Electro-mobility
Car-sharing
Merging between PDU and land-
use
LOTI LAURE SRU Law Disability Law Grenelle Law ALUR Law
1982 ... 1996 2000 2004 2005 2010 2014 20151982 ... 1996 2000 2004 2005 2010 2014 2015
Environmental assessment
Improvements in the merging between PDU and the land-
use plan
Local authority for mobility
Local pollutants
Mandatory MM for enterprise
(> 100)
6 objectives
MAPTAM / NOTRe / TECV
11 objectives
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● Mandatory for cities in urban areas over 100,000 inhabitants
● 11 mandatory objectives
● Evaluation a priori and every 5 years
● Mandatory stakeholder involvement process● Institutional cooperation : government, region, département● « On request » consultation of associations : environmental, of transport users, of
people with disabilities ● Public enquiry
● Mandatory consistency with other plans at regional scale or on other thematics : urban planning, environment, intermodality, …
● Legal effects on local urban planning, local mobility measures, ...
The current French PDU
Sustainable development, mobility for all, safety, car use decreasing, public transport, intermodality, active modes, road network management and sharing, parking, freight, mobility management, electromobility
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● Local plan for urbanism integrating housing and mobility (PLUi-D)
● Can replace a mandatory PDU● A single document with a shared vision for an area● Content and process of the PDU● New process, still complex but gaining momentum
● Voluntary plans for voluntary cities (outside urban areas > 100,000 inhab.)
● PDU / PLUi-D : within the same framework as larger cities (requirements, effects) ● Global mobility policy (PGD) :
● no defined content, no defined process● 1 mandatory objective : control of car use● But no legal effect
But also other mobility plans for cities
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Monitoring and support from national level
Cities
National level
Global monitoring PDU progress and
mobility behaviours * Guidance laws requirements,
methods, measures, ...
Innovations, needs
expectations
* Consistent household travel studies since 1976 !
Training
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Monitoring at national level
65
130
3
35 Compulsory planning PDUCompulsory planning PLUi-DVoluntary planning PDUVoluntary planning PLUi-DVoluntary planning PGD
« 134 approved mobility plans »
compulsory : 66 / voluntary : 68
Approved plan(a)
Up-date in
progress
1rst plan(b)
Total(a+b)
L.A. without
planning
Compulsory planning
PDU 65 30 976 19
PLUi-D 1 13 1
Voluntary planning
PDU 30 13 9
95 140PLUi-D 3 8 5
PGD 35 14 13
Total 134 78 37 171 159
Population covered by approved urban mobility plans
(Mhab - 2011)
Mandatory plans 39,7
Voluntary plans 3,0
Without a mandatory plan 1,1
« 2/3 of the French population covered by a mobility plan »
« 1/2 local authorities engaged in mobility planning »
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Monitoring at national level
From laws to plans : a slow dynamic
→ « Cities need consistancy over time and clear directions »
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Enforceability ?
Law says : « Mandatory PDU for cities over 100,000 inhabitants »
● Sanctions ?
● No direct sanctions for outlaw cities...● Indirect incentives : Financial support for public transport projects
(infrastructures or not) requires a mobility plan ● Facts :
● All major French cities are engaged in mobility planning● Elaborating an efficient PDU is a complex process that requires a real
engagement● Otherwise, risk of having useless documents…
« Support and incentive > Sanction » ?
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« Mandatory PDU for local authorities intersecting urban areas over 100.000 inhabitants »
→ local authorities reality vs geographical and demographical dynamics
Having clear rules...
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Impact on mobility behaviour
A slow but widespread trend reversal
Modal split rates in several French citiesBicycle
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Impact on mobility behaviour
A slow but widespread trend reversal
But contrasted results between city-centers / peri-urban areas, or large / medium cities
Modal split rates in several French citiesCars
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Perspectives for mobility planning
1. Urbanism and mobility
● Development of land use / mobility plans (PLUi-D) : ● Making the urban and mobility
communities working together ● Support with guidance
● Operational merging of urban and mobility projects ● Transit-oriented development or French
« contrat d'axe »● A project approach : time / space,
governance, financial commitment, ...
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Perspectives for mobility planning
2. Links between Local / Regional / National scales and between thematic plans
Environnemental plansSRCAE : regional plan for climate, air and energy [region]
PPA : plan for air protection [cities > 250,000]
PCAET : territorial plan for climate, air and energy [cities > 50,000]
Land use plansSCoT : plan for territorial consistency [public body on a population catchment area]
PLU : local urban masterplan [city/cities]
DTADD : territorial directive for land planning and sustainable development [ministry]
Mobility plansPDU : urban mobility plan [local authority]
SRI : regional plan for intermodality [region]
SRIT : regional plan for transport infrastructures [region]« is compatible with »
« takes into account »
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Perspectives for mobility planning3. Small cities and rural areas
● Cities over 100,000 are well covered ● Available planning tools, support, ... ● Involvement from big cities
● Small cities and rural areas have :● Real needs for mobility planning● Specificities : constraints (technical and human
ressources), objectives and levers for action● A rural mobility plan introduced by law in
2015 with guidance on progress● A « light PDU » is being investigated
● Giving small cities a dedicated framework for mobility
● Making PDU mandatory for cities over 50,000 ?
→ How to cover the « blank » area ?
For more informationCerema websiteENDURANCE French page
ContactsThomas DURLIN – [email protected]
Thank you
Centre d'études et d'expertise sur les risques, l'environnement, la mobilité et l'aménagement - www.cerema.frDirection technique Territoires et ville - 2 rue Antoine Charial - 69426 LYON Cedex 03 - Tél. : +33 (0)4 72 74 58 00Siège social : Cité des mobilités - 25 avenue François Mitterrand - 69674 BRON Cedex - Tél. : +33 (0)4 72 14 30 30
