INTRODUCTION TO THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

The Upper Limbs

OVERVIEW

Histology of Bone Tissue Bone Function and Structure Bone Growth & Development Joints The Axial Skeleton The Pectoral Girdle The Upper Limbs The Pelvic Girdle The Lower Limbs

SOME NUMBERS…

22 bones in skull 6 in middle ears 1 hyoid bone 26 in vertebral column 25 in thoracic cage

4 in pectoral girdle 60 in upper limbs 60 in lower limbs 2 in pelvic girdle

206 bones in all

THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON

THE UPPER LIMBS

Structures (bones): Totals Humerus (upper arm): 1 in each arm 2 Ulna and Radius (forearm): 2 in each arm 4 Carpals (wrist): 8 in each arm 16 Metacarpals (hands): 5 in each arm 10 Phalanges (fingers): 14 in each arm 28 .Total Number of Bones 60

THE UPPER LIMBS

Function: Attachment sites for muscles of the arms

and hands

THE UPPER LIMBS

Joints of the Upper Arms: No point of connection to axial skeletal system

Has all types of freely-movable joints: Saddle: carpal and metacarpal bones of thumb

Ball and socket: shoulder

Pivot- rotation only: proximal end of radius and ulna

Hinge- up and down movement in one plane: elbow

Gliding- sliding and twisting: wrist

Condyloid- movement in different planes but not rotations: between metacarpals and phalanges

THE UPPER LIMBS

THE UPPER LIMBS

THE UPPER LIMBS

THE UPPER LIMBS

SUMMARY

Histology of Bone Tissue Bone Function and Structure Bone Growth & Development Joints The Axial Skeleton The Pectoral Girdle The Upper Limbs The Pelvic Girdle The Lower Limbs