SCHOOL OF CLINICAL DENTISTRY

Department of Oral Pathology

MASTER OF MEDICAL SCIENCE

Diagnostic Oral Pathology

COURSE HANDBOOK

Academic Session: 2007-2008

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MASTER OF MEDICAL SCIENCE(Diagnostic Oral Pathology)

COURSE HANDBOOK

Contents Page Numbers

1 Background to the Department 1

2 The MMed Science Programme in Diagnostic Oral Pathology 3

3 Course Structure 10

4 Course Components 11

5 Methods of Assessment 16

6 Student Progression 20

Appendix 1 – Timetable 22

Appendix 2 – Allocation of Modules to Semesters 23

Appendix 3 – Recommended Reading 24

Appendix 4 – Summary of Schedule of Assessments 27

Appendix 5 – Research Project and Dissertation Guidelines 28

Appendix 6 – Student Progression Record 36

Appendix 7 – Student Course Evaluation 37

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StaffProfessor and Head of DepartmentPaula M Farthing

ProfessorsC W Ian DouglasChristopher D FranklinPaul M Speight (Dean of the School of Clinical Dentistry)

ReadersGeoffrey T CraigLecturersLynne Bingle Craig Murdock (Visitor)Graham StaffordSimon A. Whawell

Honorary Clinical LecturerAdam V Jones

Technical StaffNeil CameronMichelle GauntJason HeathMartin HoldenHayley StanhopeDavid ThompsonBrenka McCabe

Post Doctoral ResearchersSian LeechJoey ShepherdNaomi Vickers

Support StaffCarole BallantyneLorraine FriendshipMargaret NicholsonJackie Nocerino

PhD StudentsLatif AljoraniSarah JenkinsonSyed Ali KhurramSushmita RoySumita RoyRobert RidleySuttipalin Suwannakul

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1. BACKGROUND TO THE DEPARTMENT

The Department of Oral Pathology is one of four departments in the School of Clinical

Dentistry, which are:

Adult Dental Care

Oral Health & Development

Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine & Surgery

Oral Pathology

The Department is based on the third floor of the School of Clinical Dentistry, which is

situated on Claremont Crescent. The School is directly connected to the Charles Clifford

Dental Hospital, where all patient treatment is carried out.

The Department of Oral Pathology is a clinical academic department and has joint

University and Hospital functions. It is responsible for the pathological diagnosis of patient

specimens from the Dental Hospital as well as from the main hospitals and other surgical

units throughout the UK and overseas. The Department also teaches extensively on the

undergraduate dental degree course (BDS), covering oral pathology, microbiology and

aspects of cell biology.

The Master of Medical Science (M.Med.Sci) course in Diagnostic Oral Pathology is aimed at

dental surgeons holding a primary dental degree and preferably with at least two years experience in hospital or general dental practice.

1.1 Course co-ordinators

Dr Simon Whawell Tel 0114-271-7953Fax 0114-271-7894Email s.whawell@sheffield.ac.uk

Ms Lorraine Friendship Tel 0114 271 7951Fax 0114 271 7894Email l.friendship@sheffield.ac.uk

The responsibility for the day to day management of the course rests with the course co-

ordinators. If there are any problems which are not easily resolved immediately then you

are invited to bring these to the attention of the course co-ordinator.

1.2 Full-Time and Part-Time Options

The course will run from September to September and is normally undertaken full time in

one academic year, or part-time in two years. In either case the candidate must complete

the Final Examination for the Degree within five years of the commencement of the

programme of study. The part-time option is not available to candidates from outside the

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European Union. Due to the challenging nature of the course, students are strongly

discouraged from taking part in other examinations (eg IQE) during the course.

1.3 Registration

Before starting the course you will need to complete all the formalities of both Financial

and Academic Registration, which take place during Intro week (introductory week).

Remember also to register with the Library and the Students' Union. Your Union card is a useful identity card, so do not lose it!

You will also be required to have a health interview and to be able to show that you have

been successfully immunised against hepatitis B.

During Intro Week you are expected to attend an introductory presentation by the course

co-ordinator, and other supporting staff, at which aspects of the course will be explained.

You will have the opportunity to ask for explanations or verifications. Exact dates and

times will be forwarded to you in August. Please arrive promptly in order to avoid missing

important information.

In 2007, Intro Week will commence on Saturday 22nd September and formal teaching will

start on Monday 1st October 2007.

The University will have sent you details of the procedure and where to register.

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2. THE MMED SCI PROGRAMME IN DIAGNOSTIC ORAL PATHOLOGY

2.1 Background to the M.Med.Sci. programme and subject area

Oral Pathology is a specialism both of pathology and of dentistry. Pathology is the

laboratory science dedicated to advancing understanding of the causes and nature of

disease and histopathology is that branch of pathology involving the study of microscopical

preparations of tissues; this can lead to improved knowledge of the changes that may take

place in these tissues in response to various injurious agents and to the identification of

specific changes that can be categorised as a particular disease or disorder. The latter

aspect forms the main focus of the course in Diagnostic Oral Pathology, which is

concerned specifically with the diseases and disorders that affect the tissues and organs

of the oral cavity and its related structures. It thus covers the causes, pathogenesis,

natural history, distribution, diagnosis and prognosis of such diseases and disorders and

has important implications for understanding their clinical signs and symptoms, their

response to treatment, their management and their prevention. The relationship of oral

pathology to other clinical disciplines involved in aspects of the management of patients

with oral diseases and disorders is therefore both close and significant; hence its place as

a specialism within the field of dentistry.

This course builds upon the basic understanding of pathology and oral pathology that will

have been gained at undergraduate level by dental or medical graduates and is particularly

suited to those who have obtained some relevant postgraduate experience in a related

clinical discipline. The Master of Medical Science degree in Diagnostic Oral Pathology

provides a suitable basis for those who may wish to pursue further studies in oral

pathology or to better inform their training in related clinical disciplines. Thus potential

employment prospects include openings in research, teaching and clinical work where a

grounding in diagnostic oral pathology might be considered essential, desirable or

otherwise of value.

The Department of Oral Pathology combines the functions of research, teaching and

laboratory diagnostic work with an emphasis on oral histopathology but extending to

include oral microbiology, molecular biology and forensic odontology. Over 2,000

specimens for diagnosis have been received in each of the last 14 years and the

departmental archives now include around 50, 000 cases. The Department is one of the

four constituent departments of the School of Clinical Dentistry, which received an

“excellent” rating in the QAA Subject Review carried out in 2000 and a 5 rating in the

Research Assessment Exercise covering the period 1996-2000 and reported in 2001. For

the hospital service aspects of its activities the Department forms part of the Diagnostic

and Surgical Services grouping within the Charles Clifford Dental Hospital and the

Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust. It also has established links with the Department

of Pathology in the adjacent Royal Hallamshire Hospital. Further information can be found

on the web-site for the Dental School at

: http:/www.shef.ac.uk/dentalschool/dept_opath/opath.html6

2.2 Programme Aims

To provide dental graduates, and in particular circumstances medical graduates, with

the opportunity to enhance their academic, scientific and clinical skills as part of their

career development

To provide high quality teaching that is informed and invigorated by the research and

scholarship of departmental staff and is alert to the benefits of student-centred

learning

To introduce or reinforce the principles of scientific research methodology

To foster the further development of transferable analytical and communication skills

To provide the opportunity to acquire advanced knowledge, foster critical and

impartial analysis of scientific and clinical information, and further develop the

appreciation of the benefits of continuing professional education

To build on the student’s foundation in the basic and clinical sciences in order to

increase their understanding of oral disease processes and the clinical and public

health measures used in disease management

To enable students to maximise their potential in all aspects of the course

To assess students over a range of knowledge, understanding and skills, and to identify

and support academic and clinical excellence

2.4 Programme Learning Outcomes and objectives.

On completion of the MMedSci course it is expected that students will have developed

their knowledge and understanding, skills and other attributes beyond the level of their

first degree to fulfil the following learning outcomes and objectives.

Knowledge and understanding:Broad knowledge and conceptual understanding of a wide range of oral pathological

conditions

Sound knowledge and critical systematic understanding of those oral pathological

conditions that commonly require diagnosis by histopathological methods

Sound knowledge and comprehensive understanding of the roles of other members of

the health care team in the execution of procedures involved in achieving a successful

outcome to the diagnostic process

Sound knowledge and comprehensive understanding of the common laboratory

methods used to prepare oral diagnostic material for histopathological examination

Sound knowledge and critical understanding of the effective transmission of diagnostic

information

Sound knowledge and comprehensive understanding of the main research tools and

methods used to advance the practice of diagnostic oral pathology

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Critical awareness of current problems in oral pathology and sound knowledge of the

sources of up-to-date information on oral pathological conditions and related scientific

and clinical disciplines

Broad knowledge and understanding of the principles underpinning effective teaching

and learning

Broad knowledge and understanding of the principles underpinning the presentation

of material at scientific meetings and for publication

Skills and other attributes:A high level of competence and sound judgement in the practical microscopical

diagnosis of common and significant oral pathological lesions and conditions

A high level of competence, sound judgement and initiative in determining the next

steps necessary to resolve a diagnosis for specimens beyond their immediate

capabilities

A high level of competence and self-direction in obtaining relevant information speedily

to assist in the establishment or confirmation of a diagnosis

A high level of competence in communicating clearly with other members of the health

care team involved in the diagnostic process

Practical familiarity with the common laboratory methods used in the preparation of

material for oral histopathological examination

Practical familiarity with such IT skills as word-processing, e-mail and use of the

internet

Skills in acquiring, using and critically evaluating evidence and information about

conditions encountered in the subject area of oral pathology

Competence in transmitting information to more junior students in a way that

enhances their learning experience

Competence in preparing information suitable for presentation to their peers at a

scientific meeting and for submission to a scientific journal

Competence at carrying out individual study and a short original research project

involving the ability to identify problems, gather information, think analytically, resolve

difficulties, critically analyse source material, choose appropriate methodologies,

construct a hypothesis, sustain a logical argument and present the results of these

processes clearly in both oral and written form

Ability to acknowledge their own limitations and to use this as a stimulus to continually

update their knowledge and skills to a high level

2.5 Teaching and Learning Methods

Development of the learning outcomes is promoted through the following teaching and learning methods:

1 Introductory period:After allocation and discussion of the Course Handbook, the initial four weeks of the

course is directed at providing the student with an introduction to the structure and

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methods of the course and ensuring that they receive appropriate orientation to the

regulations and procedures of the University, Department and Dental Hospital. This period

is also utilised to ensure that the student has the requisite level of appreciation of the

study skills, IT skills and knowledge of basic general and oral pathology necessary to

benefit fully from the course. At the end of this period there is an Introductory

assessment to assess basic knowledge in Oral Pathology.

2 Observational work shadowing:Early in the course, each student will spend time as an observer attached to a pathologist

responsible for “cutting up” and reporting on diagnostic material. Students apply their

knowledge and understanding to the practical diagnostic process and further expand their

knowledge and understanding of oral pathological conditions.

3 Supervised reporting:Each student will spend time during which they will take responsibility for “cutting up” and

writing draft diagnostic reports under the supervision of a pathologist. Students apply

their knowledge and understanding to the practical diagnostic process and further expand

their knowledge and understanding of oral pathological conditions.

4 Staff-led seminars:A series of seminars will be used to provide essential background and practical

information on technical procedures and diagnostic oral pathology. Students will be

expected to prepare topics in advance for presentation to the group. In addition, students

will be either required or encouraged to attend prescribed seminars such as those

available from the Dental School’s research seminar programme and the Department of

Pathology’s MRCPath training programme, Diagnostic Pathology seminars and research

seminars. Students may also attend clinicopathology meetings with the other clinical

departments and may observe at the Head and Neck cancer Multidisciplinary Team

meetings.

5 Student-led seminars:“Journal Club” sessions involve individual students being allocated oral pathology-related

papers from the scientific literature for study, analysis and verbal presentation to other

students and staff for further discussion. Each student will be expected to present 6

seminars – 3 in each Semester. In Semester 1 two of these will be allocated papers for

critical analysis and one will be an evaluation of a technique. In Semester 2 each student

will choose three papers for critical analysis and presentation to the class. The papers

used are either diagnostically-based or research-based or both.

“Red Box” seminars are based on preparations of individual oral pathological lesions or

conditions from the Department’s archival collection; these are made available to students

one week in advance. Students are asked at random to present these cases to their

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colleagues and staff and participate fully in the discussion of cases presented by their

colleagues.

6 Laboratory techniques:Each student will practise cutting sections from paraffin-embedded, soft and hard tissues

and to perform a prescribed set of routine and special stains on paraffin-embedded

sections. In addition, they make themselves familiar with equipment available and

technical procedures being undertaken within the Department of Oral Pathology

laboratories for diagnostic and research purposes.

7 Lectures:Students will be expected to attend the lectures on oral pathology that form part of the

course for dental undergraduates. These will be supplemented by staff and student led

seminars on more advanced topics.

8 Extended Essay and Literature review:Each student must complete a critical review or extended essay on a selected topic in oral

pathology. The student has the opportunity to choose the topic of this review, under

guidance from a member of academic staff. The review must be fully referenced and

submitted in word-processed form. It will be about 2000 words in length. The Topic will

be chosen in early November and the essay must be submitted in mid January. This essay

will be assessed as part of the First Examination at the end of Semester 1.

9 Project and Dissertation: In discussion with academic staff each student chooses a research project that will

culminate in the presentation of a dissertation. This must involve the pursuit of original

work based upon an approved protocol which should clearly state the objectives, key

references, a broad outline of the methods involved, an estimate of resources required

and an estimate of the time involved. The final version of the dissertation must be fully

referenced, word processed and bound. The project topics must be chosen early in the

course and a project outline must be presented at the beginning of semester 2 (February).

Work on the project will be full time from June. The dissertation must be submitted at the

beginning of September

10 Independent study: All of the above teaching and learning methods involve a large element of independent

study, preparing work for presentation, following up on aspects that become apparent in

laboratory or diagnostic practice, and pursuing topics that are relevant to oral pathology

but may not be covered formally in course material. Students are encouraged to make full

use of the opportunities presented by having access to the departmental archival

collection of diagnostic material and literature as well as those routinely available more

widely in the Dental School, Dental Hospital or University, or for which special

arrangements may be possible. A reading list is provided as guidance (Appendix 3) and

details of the University Library facilities are in the Dental School Graduate Handbook.10

Plagiarism - students are warned and advised to be aware of the dangers of plagiarism. University guidelines on plagiarism are given in the Dental School graduate handbook.

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3. COURSE STRUCTURE

The one year full-time course consists of two 15 week semesters (September to February,

February to June) followed by a period from June to September for completion of

diagnostic work and the research project/dissertation. The course is based on a modular

design with the students needing to accumulate 180 credits, consisting of a core

programme (60 credits), specialty or advanced modules (60 credits) and a research

project/dissertation (60 credits).

The core modules form the basis of the course and are undertaken by all

postgraduate taught course students in the Department.

Specialty and advanced modules are selected from a number available in the

University.

The Dissertation which encapsulates a research project on a topic in their chosen

field of interest.

Title CreditsCore ModulesORP 6000 Oral Histopathology I 20ORP 6010 Oral Histopathology II 20ORP 6030 Techniques in Oral Pathology 20

Speciality and advanced Modules ORP 6040 Advanced Oral Histopathology 30ORP 6050 Research Problems and Approaches in Oral Pathology 20RSD 6010 Information Management & Other Learning Activities 5GSC6060 Speaking skills for Research Purposes 5

DissertationORP 6020 Dissertation 60

The outline programme timetable is in Appendix 1 and the allocation and timing of modules

during the course are given in Appendix 2.

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4 COURSE COMPONENTS

4.1 Histopathological Diagnosis & Research (ORP6000, ORP6010 & ORP6040)

Each student will:

Be attached as an observer to the Pathologist responsible for cutting-up and

reporting

Cut-up and write draft reports on specimens under supervision of the Duty

Pathologist

Attend "Red Box" sessions during semesters 1 & 2 (ORP6010). The "Red Box" will

contain selected sections for diagnosis accompanied by a brief clinical history. The

sections will be made available for students in the week preceding the session at

which they will be discussed. Each student will be expected to submit a list of

suggested diagnoses, describe each case and discuss reasons for their

differential/definitive diagnoses. The degree of difficulty of the cases will increase

progressively from Semester 1 to Semester 2.

Attend the Clinico-Pathological Conferences (CPC) and MDT meetings run jointly

with the Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery

Be encouraged to attend the Annual Meeting of the British Society for Dental

Research (BSDR)

Be encouraged to attend the Annual Meeting of the British Society for Oral and

Maxillofacial Pathology (BSOMP)

Attend the meetings arranged by the Northern Oral Pathology Study & Audit Group

(Leeds-Liverpool-Manchester-Sheffield). Usually one per semester, duration 3

hours

Attend and participate in departmental Journal Club and Seminar sessions of

relevance to diagnosis and research in oral pathology

Attend prescribed seminars or lectures organised by other departments and of

relevance to oral pathology

Attend lectures and practical classes provided for the undergraduate Oral

Pathology Course.

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4.2 Techniques in Oral Pathology (ORP6030)

Each student will:

Make themselves familiar with the equipment and technical procedures being

undertaken within this and other selected departments for diagnostic and

research purposes

Attend and participate in Technical Seminar sessions

Practice cutting sections from paraffin-embedded, soft and hard tissues

Perform a prescribed set of routine and special stains on paraffin-embedded

sections

Be familiar with the process of cutting un-demineralised (ground) sections of teeth

Be familiar with the process involved in the preparation of specimens for electron

microscopy.

Be responsible for undertaking any major technical work involved in their

dissertation project

Students will also be assessed on 3 journal club presentations in Semester 1.

4.3 Research Problems and Approaches in Oral Pathology (ORP6050)

The major component of this module comprises a critical review of the literature and an

extended essay on a selected topic in oral pathology (approximately 2000 words in length

excluding references). In order to avoid duplication, each student will be asked to choose

from a different list of three suitable topics selected by the Course Tutors. Students may

find it helpful to consult the guidance on "Writing an Essay" which is included as an

appendix in each of the Undergraduate Course Booklets. The topics will be allocated in

November and the completed review must be submitted for assessment by the end of

Semester 1. This will form part of the assessment for the First Examination.

Students will also be assessed on 3 journal club presentations in Semester 2.

Students may attend relevant research-orientated courses or programmes

organised by other departments on an ad-hoc or one-off basis, depending on

timing and content.

These courses may include:

i) Research Seminars (School of Clinical Dentistry))

ii) Research Seminars (Dept of Pathology)

iii) Research Seminars (Dept of Human Metabolism & Clinical Biochemistry)

4.4 The Dissertation (ORP6020)

In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Medical Science (Oral

Pathology), students must produce a dissertation involving some original work and a

review of the relevant literature.

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Topics will be chosen after close consultation with the Course Tutors; the topic selected by

each student and a supporting protocol (see below) must have been submitted and

approved by the beginning of semester 2.

The protocol should begin with a proposed title for the study followed by an introduction.

The introduction should set out the principal aims and objectives accompanied by

references to key papers in the literature. Next should come a materials and methods

section in which the nature, extent and source of the study sample, and the proposed

methodology, are outlined. An estimate of likely resource implications (eg. materials costs

and technical staff time) must be included. Students are also expected to include an

estimate of the time they anticipate will be required to complete the "experimental /

bench-work" phase of the project. The protocol should be no more than four single-sided

pages of double-spaced A4 text, excluding key references.

The maximum length of the dissertation, including references and illustrations, shall be no

more than 70 single-sided pages of A4 double-spaced text (approximately 20,000 words).

To facilitate binding, students are advised to use a left margin of 1.5" and a right margin of

1"; top and bottom margins should be at least 1" to allow for pagination.

An outline of each student's dissertation, in the form of a “contents summary” comprising

proposed headings and subheadings for each chapter, should be agreed by with the

supervisor by the end of April.

The completed dissertation (bound by the University Library) must be submitted by the

end of August. Further guidelines for the preparation and submission of the dissertation

are given in Appendix 5.

4.5 Information Management and Other Learning Activities (RSD 6010)

This course is provided by the Department of Restorative Dentistry. It informs the student

of library procedures and literature search techniques, computer courses in the use of

MS-DOS and word-processing and clinical photography, including equipment,

documentation and presentation.

AimsTo provide students with the opportunity to develop skills in Information

Technology.

To facilitate the students’ personal development of transferable skills, including the

collection, manipulation and use of information relating to dentistry.

ObjectivesOn completion of the course the student should be able to:

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Use basic IT proficiently, and recognise how and when it should be used to best

effect in relation to dentistry.

Describe why IT skills are becoming increasingly important.

Communicate effectively using IT, and have an awareness of future developments

within this field, e.g. video conferencing

4.6 Speaking Skills for Research Purposes (GSC6060)

Aims and DescriptionThe course is intended principally for students whose first language is not English. It

covers the skills involved in the design, preparation and execution of oral presentations of

the kind given by research students within their study programmes. This includes practice

in answering questions during and after such presentations. Other oral skills to be

developed during the course are those required in more formal situations, such as the

interviewing of subjects, and in less formal situations such as academic discussions with

colleagues and supervisors

Teaching is taught by seminars, tutorials, problem solving/example classes

Assessment methods is by course work

4.7 Private Study

The programmed parts of the course (seminars, journal clubs, red boxes, practical classes,

tutorials) constitute only part of the work expected. In addition to preparation of written

practical reports and written work for tutors, private study of lecture notes,

recommended textbooks and general reading related to the courses are a vital part of

study. The habit of private study is one that requires cultivation and self discipline. Plenty

of time will be made available for private study and preparation of course material/

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5 METHODS OF ASSESSMENT

This statement on ‘Methods of Assessment’ refers to the MMedSci examinations’ including

continuous assessment that may contribute marks towards the award of the degree and

also to formative assessments that do not contribute towards the degree but may affect

progress on the course. There may be other assessments during the course and these will

be discussed with you by your tutors. The schedule of assessment for the course is

summarised in Appendix 4

Formative assessment

Formative assessments are in-course assessments including written or oral examinations

that may affect progression but do not count towards the final degree mark

Summative assessment

Summative assessments are formal assessments that will count towards the final mark.

Progression will depend on satisfactory performance. These assessments can be retaken

if they are not passed first time

5.1 Assessment methods

The various modules are assessed by an appropriate combination of multiple choice

questions, short answer questions and essay questions to test knowledge, and of practical

diagnostic tests to determine the level of skills achieved. Both also assess written

communication skills. The written dissertation and an accompanying oral examination

assess research capabilities, communication and organisational skills and other

transferable skills. Throughout the course, tutors will continually assess and record

performance and attendance at journal clubs, red box sessions and seminars. Students will

be expected to prepare in advance for seminars, and to present topics to their colleagues.

Continuous assessment will assess ability to assimilate knowledge, understanding and

communication and presentational skills.

5.2 Introductory Assessment

To establish baseline information on each students' background knowledge of oral

pathology and on their ability to communicate effectively, they will be required to complete

an introductory examination within four weeks of the commencement of the Course. This

will be a formative assessment and will comprise:

Type of assessment Content % of marksMultiple Choice Questions 30 min

30 questions30%

Essay paper 30 minOne essay from 3

30%

Practical test comprising basic histological or 45 min 30%

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histopathological slides for interpretation 6 cases

Oral examination, including discussion of performance in the written sections

15 min 10%

100%

5.3 End-of-Semester Assessments

These will be summative assessments held at the end of each semester – early February

and early June. The examination at the end of Semester 2 will be at the end of the taught

course and may examine students on any aspect of work undertaken in both semesters.

First examination – end of Semester 1, shall comprise:

Type of assessment Content Modules assessed

% of module

Short Answer Questions 1 hr 30mins3 questions

Oral Histopathology6 questions

Techniques in Oral Pathology

ORP6000

ORP6030

50%

60%

Practical test comprising basic histological or histopathological slides for interpretation

1 hr

up to 10 cases ORP6000 50%

Evaluation of an extended essay Allocated November ORP6050 50%

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Second examination – end of Semester 2, shall comprise:

Type of assessment Content Modules assessed % of module

Short Answer Questions – Oral Pathology 2 hr 12 questions ORP6010 60%

Essay paper 3hr4 questions ORP6040 65%

Practical test comprising basic histological or histopathological slides for interpretation

2 hrup to 10 cases ORP6040 35%

5.4 Continuous Assessment

Continuous assessment will be formative and summative. Attendance and performance on

the course will be continually monitored, so that any problems can be identified and

rectified. Formal summative assessments will also take place throughout the course. At

the end of Semesters 1 and 2, all Course tutors will meet to discuss and complete a

Continuous Assessment Report (Appendix 6) in respect of each student. After this

meeting, designated members of staff will meet with their student(s), individually, to

discuss the outcome and to obtain the student’s signed agreement to the marks awarded

and the comments made. Summative assessments will comprise presentations at ‘journal

club’ meetings, written critiques and performance and contributions in seminars and ‘red

box’ sessions which will form part of the final degree mark. Formative assessments will

comprise assessments of written work during the course including written reports on

diagnostic specimens,. Although these will not form part of the final mark, they may be

used to guide the examiners in borderline cases.

Summative continuous assessments

Type of assessment Content Modules assessed % of moduleCritique of a journal article

Written critique and presentation3 in Semester 1

ORP6030 40%

Review and critique of a Journal article

Presentation3 in Semester 2 ORP6050 50%

Oral pathology seminars and Case discussions

Presentations and discussions at oral pathology seminars and ‘red boxes

ORP6010 40%

5.5 End-of-Course Assessment

The end of course assessment will comprise an evaluation of the research dissertation and

an oral examination. Marks from previous summative assessments will also be brought

together to determine the final result

Type of assessment Content Modules assessed % of module

Written dissertation Research project and

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dissertation ORP6020 80%

Oral examination Upto 2hr ORP6020 20%

5.6 Marking scheme

All work will be marked according to the University’s approved marking scheme (Appendix

7). The normal pass mark is 50%

5.7 Determination of the final result

The final degree result will be determined from the summative assessments during the

course. To obtain a pass mark the student must pass each module of the course.

5.8 Award of Distinction

The award of distinction may be given in cases where candidates gain a grade of 70 or

better in units to the value of at least 90 credits and where there is no grade below 60, or

where a grade below 60 is compensated for by an additional higher grade.

6 STUDENT PROGRESSION

At the end of Semesters 1 and 2, designated members of staff will meet with the students

to discuss progress and any problems and to agree and complete a Student Progression

Record (Appendix 6).

6.1 Student Progress

To be eligible for the award of the degree of Master of Medical Science a student must

satisfactorily complete the course and must pass assessments for each module.

A student who fails a module examination in Semester I may resit this examination during

Semester 2 and may then progress to the second Semester module examinations.

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A student who fails a module examination in Semester 2 may resit examination during the

summer period.

A student who fails the Dissertation may resubmit a new dissertation for consideration the

following year.

A student who fails an examination a second time would normally be recommended to

withdraw from the course.

If a student fails the dissertation but has satisfactorily completed the 120 credits of the

relevant modules and has satisfied the examiners in the First and Second Semester

Examinations, he or she may opt to accept a Postgraduate Diploma in Oral Pathology. If this

option is taken, they may not resubmit their dissertation

A student can be reported formally for unsatisfactory progress on one or more of the

following grounds:

failure to attend regularly

failure to perform adequately the work in the course

failure in Examinations

breach of Examination rules

In such cases, the Head of Department in consultation with the Course Co-ordinator and teaching staff will consider the student's progress and has the powers to exclude students from the course, if the academic record justifies this (i.e. terminate the studies of a student). In general, all students are given due warning before these procedures are initiated but nonetheless they are used and students should be aware of them.

6.2 Personal Tutor Scheme

All students in the School of Clinical Dentistry are allocated to a Personal Tutor and are

expected to meet with that Tutor once a semester. The tutor will provide personal

support and guidance acting as a first point of contact and a gateway to the University’s

support services.

6.3 Evaluation of the courseThe course is evaluated by continuous feedback from students and teachers and by

completion of Student Evaluation of MMedSci. Courses form (Appendix 7) following

individual student feedback gained at interview.

.

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APPENDIX 1

Course TimetablesSemester 1 - Monday 24 September 2007 to Friday 9 February 2008

Time/Day Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday FridayMorning MDT meeting Mechanisms of

Disease

Techniques in Oral Pathology

Department Meeting

Red Box

(Caries and Perio Course)

Diagnostic Oral Pathology

Oral Pathology course

Research Seminars

Afternoon Mechanisms of Disease

Journal Club

Techniques in Oral Pathology

Diagnostic Oral Pathology

Diagnostic Oral Pathology

Computer skills, information

management(RSD 6010)

Semester 2 - Monday 12 February 2008 to Friday 14 June 2009

Time/Day Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

Morning MDT meeting Research project Department Meeting

Red Box

Diagnostic Oral Pathology

Oral Pathology Course**

Research Project

Research Seminars Afternoon Research project

Journal Club

Private Study

Research Project

Diagnostic Oral Pathology

Diagnostic Oral Pathology

Speaking Skills for Research Purposes

(GSC6060)

Notes:this timetable is indicative only – a detailed weekly timetable will be available at the beginning of the courseSessions in italics are fixed sessions which include lectures, fixed meetings and courses taking place outside the Department of Oral pathology**the Oral Pathology Course finishes in March Diagnostic Oral pathology sessions will be flexible and will not involve all students at the same time. When not allocated to work observerships or supervised reporting the student must use these sessions for private study. Diagnostic Oral Pathology sessions may involve observing, supervised reporting or seminarsFrom June onwards most time will be allocated to project work and Diagnostic Pathology

APPENDIX 2

Allocation of Modules to Semesters

A. Semester 1 (end September to early February )

Induction Period }

Observational Work Shadowing } ORP6000“Red Box” Sessions }Oral Pathology seminars }

Technical Seminars }Practical Laboratory Techniques } ORP6030

“Journal Club” Sessions } ORP6030Essay } ORP6050

Computer skills, Information management RSD6010

B. Semester 2 (early February to mid-June )

“Red Box” Sessions } ORP6010, ORP6040Oral Pathology seminars }Supervised Reporting }

Journal Club Sessions } ORP6050

Dissertation ORP6020 (part)

Speaking Skills for Research Purposes GSC6060

C. Post-Semester Period (mid-June to end-September )

Dissertation OR6020 (remainder)

APPENDIX 3MMedSci in Diagnostic Oral Pathology

Recommended reading

Core textbooksThese books provide basic core reading on all aspects of oral pathology and will form the basis of the course.

Regezi JA, Sciubba JJ, Jordan RCK. Oral Pathology: clinical pathological correlations. Saunders, St Louis, 2003.

Soames J,V, Southam JC. Oral Pathology, Oxford Medical publications. 4th Ed, Oxford University Press, 2005

Odell EW, Morgan PR. Biopsy pathology of the oral tissues. Chapman & Hall Medical, London 1998.

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Bancroft JD, Gamble, M. Theory and practice of histological techniques. Churchill Livingstone, 2001. 5th Ed.

Further reading

Advanced oral and head and neck pathologyThese books provide more advanced reading on specific topics – these will be particularly useful for preparation of seminars and ‘red boxes’ and for consultation when considering the diagnosis of more difficult cases. Most of these books are available (for consultation only), in the department.

Allen DC, Camerson RI. Histopathological specimens: Clinical, pathological & laboratory aspects. Springer-Verlag, 2004.

Barnes L, Eveson JW, Riechart P, Sidransky D Eds. World Health Organisation classification of tumours: Pathology and Genetics of

Head and Neck Tumours, IARC Press, Lyon, 2005.

Cawson RA, Binnie WH, Speight PM, Barrett AW, Wright JM. Lucas’s pathology of tumours of the oral tissues, 5th edition. Churchill-

Livingston, London 1998

Fletcher CDM, Unni KK, Mertens F. WHO Classification of tumours: Pathology and genetics of tumours of soft tissue and bone.

IARC press, Lyon 2002.

Fu YS, Wenig BM, Abemayer E, Wenig BL. Head and Neck Pathology. Churchill-Livingston, Philadelphia, 2001.

Gnepp DR. Diagnostic Surgical Pathology of the Head and Neck. WB Sauders Co, Philaldelphia, 2001.

Harms H, Schmidt D (Eds). Current topics in pathology: Soft tissue tumours, Springer-Verlag, 1995.

Jaffe ES, Harris NL, Stern H, Vardiman JW. WHO Classification of tumours: Pathology and genetics of tumours of haematopoietic &

lymphoid tissue. IARC press, Lyon 2001.

Marsh P, Martin MV. Oral Microbiology. 4th Ed. Wright

Reichart PA, Philipsen HP. Odontogenic tumours and allied lesions. Quintessense Pub Co Ltd, London, 2004.

Sciubba JJ, Fantasia JE, Kahn LB. Atlas of tumour pathology: tumours and cysts of the jaw. AFIP, Washington 2001.

Weiss SW, Goldblum JR. Enzingers & Weiss’s soft tissue tumours 4th Edition. Mosby, St Louis, 2001.

Advanced general textsThese books provide general background reading on the scientific basis and clinical aspects of the course. They may be needed during preparation of seminars and for written assignments.

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Lewis MAO, Jordan RCK. A colour handbook of oral medicine. Manson publishing, London 2004.

Marx RE, Stern D. Oral & Maxillofacial pathology. Quintessence Books, Illinois, 2003.

Mc Gurk M, Renehan A (Eds). Controversies in the management of salivary gland disease. Oxford University Press, 2001.

Nanci A. Ten Cate’s Oral Histology 6th Edition. Mosby, St Louis 2003.

Seifert G (Ed). Oral pathology current topics. Springer-Verlag, 1996.

Shah JP, Johnson NW, Batsakis JG. Oral Cancer. Martin Dunitz, London 2003.

Tomlinson S, Heagerty AM, Weetman AP. Mechanisms of Disease: An introduction to clinical science. Cambridge University press.

Useful ReviewsThese are a few literature reviews covering topics which you will encounter during the course. Your tutors will give you many more references to read during the course.

Dahlen G. Microbiology and treatment of dental abscesses and periodontal-endodontic lesions. Periodontol 2000. 2002; 28: 206-

39.

Edwards, Ruth; Harding, Keith G. Bacteria and wound healing. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases. 2004; 17: 91-96.

Eric O. Freed. HIV-1 and the host cell: an intimate association. Trends Microbiol. 2004; 12: 170-7.

Jordan R, Speight PM. Lymphoma in Sjögren's syndrome: from histopathology to molecular pathology. Oral Surg Oral Med

Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 1996 81, 308-320.

Jordan RCK, Daniels TE, Greenspan JS, Regezi JA. Advanced diagnostic methods in oral and maxillofacial pathology. Part I:

Molecular methods. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Radiol Endod 2001; 92: 650-69.

Jordan RCK, Daniels TE, Greenspan JS, Regezi JA. Advanced diagnostic methods in oral and maxillofacial pathology. Part II:

Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent methods. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Radiol Endod 2002; 93: 56-74.

Scully C, Sudbo J, Speight PM. Progress in determining the malignant potential of oral lesions. J Oral Pathol Med 2003, 32,

251-256

Speight PM, Farthing PM, Bouquot J. The pathology of oral cancer and precancer. Current Diagnostic Pathology 1996, 3,

165-176.

Speight PM. Barrett AW. Salivary gland tumours. Oral Diseases 2002, 8, 229-240

Thomas GJ, Speight PM Cell adhesion molecules and oral cancer. Critical Reviews in Oral Biology and Medicine 2001. 12,

479-498

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APPENDIX 4Department of Oral Pathology

MMedSci in Oral Pathology

Summary of Schedule of AssessmentsFormative Summative

End of October Introductory assessment MCQ (30min)Essay (30min)Practical test (45min)Oral (15min)

February Presentation of research projectFebruary End of semester

assessmentSAQ (1h 30mins)Practical test (1h)Evaluation of an extended essay

June End of taught course assessment

SAQ – oral pathology (2h)Essay paper (3h)Practical tests (2h)

End August Research project Submission of dissertationEnd of September Final oral examination Oral examination on subject matter of the

course and content of dissertationThroughout course Continuous assessment Assessment of performance and

attendance at journal clubs, journal critiques, seminars and ‘red box’ sessions

Assessment of performance and attendance at journal clubs, journal critiques, seminars and ‘red box’ sessions

TerminologyFormative: in course assessment that may affect progression but does not count towards the final degree mark

MCQ: Multiple Choice Questions

SAQ: Short Answer Questions

Critique: will comprise reading a journal article, preparing a summary and answering a series of structured questions which will test understanding and critical evaluation of a research topic

Summative: formal assessments that will count towards the final mark. Progression will depend on satisfactory performance. These exams can be resit if they are not passed first time

Practical test: will normally comprise a set of histological slides on which the student must prepare a report and a diagnosis or differential diagnosis. May include the ability to recognize aspects of laboratory technical work

Essay paper: normally a choice of essays with 40-45 minutes for each

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APPENDIX 5Research Project and Dissertation Guidelines

This is a general guide to the format which may be modified in consultation with the Head of

Department and project supervisor.

1. OUTLINE OF REPORT

a) Title PageThe report should start with the title page bearing the title of the report, as approved by the

supervisor of the investigation.

The title should be selected so that the "key words" which identify the subject of the study

and the methods used are included. Potential readers are likely to base their decision to read

the report (or not) on the title alone, and modern literature search techniques are

dependent on key words. It is advisable to draft all possible permutations for the title and to

consult with your supervisor to determine which is the most acceptable.

The candidate's full name and degrees (including the College or University which conferred

them) should appear in the centre of the title page.

At the foot of the page should be the statement "Submitted in partial fulfilment of the

requirements for the Degree of Master of Medical Science in Diagnostic Oral Pathology"

together with the year. Centred beneath this include the name of the Department and

University.

b) AbstractAn abstract, not exceeding 250 words, should follow the title page. The abstract should

contain a concise statement of (1) the problem under investigation (2) the experimental

method used and (3) the results obtained and the conclusions. It is often useful to specify

abbreviations for terms which will appear frequently in the abstract e.g. IHC for

"immunohistochemistry".

c) ContentsAfter the abstract, insert a list of contents, i.e. the chapter or main section headings with page

numbers. A list of figures and a list of tables may be included if desired. Chapters and

sections may be numbered for easy reference. where section numbering is used, the

maximum number of figures should be three e.g. 3.2.1. Lengthy identification sequences such

as 4.3.2.1.a (ii) do not aid the reader.

Where it is desired to enumerate paragraphs within a passage the use of lower case letters or

Roman numerals is acceptable BUT these subsections need not be listed on the title page.

d) Introduction and Review of the LiteratureThe introduction should begin by setting the scene of the investigation and it is customary to

include a brief history of the subject, mentioning previous developments in the field or

related to it.

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The review of the literature will vary considerably in extent depending on the subject, but

should concentrate on the main relevant contributions rather than be exhaustive. It may be

possible to refer to the conclusions of a previous review of earlier work and consider only

more recent papers. It should rarely be necessary to exceed fifteen pages of typescript in a

project review of the literature.

If the review is extensive, a discussion and summary of the literature should be included.

This will lead to:

e) Statement of the problemThere should be a clear setting forth of the exact problem(s) which the investigation is

intending to explore, and the scope and limitations of the enquiry should be discussed.

f) Materials and MethodsThe intended programme of the investigation can first be presented as an introduction if

considered necessary.

Materials: Full details of the materials and controls employed should be indicated. Materials

in this context may include physical materials, animal or human specimen materials, or

clinical cases and records.

Methods: The precise method of exploring the problem is described in the methods,

including the methods used to measure or record phenomena. The section may discuss

possible alternative approaches but should not include results, other than those required

incidentally to establish the method of the investigation.

There are two acceptable formats for this section. The materials may be listed in an appendix

as an exhaustive catalogue including manufacturers, specifications, batch numbers and a note

of the source of supply. The subsequent account of the methods need not then repeat this

detailed information. In the second style, the materials and methods are presented as a

single account, with particulars of the materials embedded in the text as they naturally arise

from the description of the method. Commercial details of manufacturers and suppliers are

entered in brackets including the town in the UK when appearing for the first time ie (Sigma-

Aldrich Chemical Company, Poole, UK), then subsequently: (Sigma).

The Materials and Methods part of the Report should provide sufficient information for

another investigator, in another part of the world, to know exactly what you did and to repeat

your investigation using exactly the same methods.

g) ResultsUnder this heading the data obtained by the above methods are set forth with only that

amount of description necessary to relate them to the methods previously indicated. The

temptation to discuss results here must be strenuously resisted until the next section after all

the data has been presented.

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h) DiscussionNow the data can be analysed and discussed, drawing any conclusions where justified, and

comparing your results with the results of other investigations. It is wise to review the study

dispassionately and to anticipate criticisms which others may wish to make. It is here that

comments may be made about the clinical relevance of the work.

i) ConclusionsIt is frequently helpful to the reader, and a useful discipline for the writer, to gather together

under a separate heading the conclusions at which he may have arrived. Remember that

negative results are as important as positive results. No conclusion may be included which is

not directly supported by the results obtained. The discussion is the appropriate place for

conjecture.

Unless it has been demonstrated that conclusions are robust enough to be applied outside

the context of the sample selected and the experimental conditions used, it is prudent to

preface them with a statement such as "within the limitations of the present study the

following conclusions may be drawn." Recommendations for further exploration of the

problem may be indicated.

j) ReferencesTwo alternative systems for the citation of references are acceptable, but they must not be

mixed within a single report. The first, more traditional, system which is usually used in

dissertations is based on the Harvard Style. The second approach follows the Vancouver style

which is commonly used by many journals.

Harvard StyleThis is the style which we would like to be adopted for your dissertation. In the text,

references are indicated by author(s) and the year only. Where the author's name does not

fit naturally into the structure of a sentence the reference is placed in parentheses. Papers

with more than three authors are best contracted using "et al.". A full list is placed at the end

of the dissertation in alphabetical order and the periodical references should be given.

Abbreviations should be according the World List of Periodicals (These may differ from those

used in the Index to the Dental Literature).

An example of the use of the Harvard Style is shown below, together with the references.

Note the format of the references, which is taken from the Journal of Dental Research

Instructions to Authors:

"The outer shell of enamel acts as a hard, high stiffness, wear resistant shell, being some five

times harder than dentin (Craig & Peyton, 1958; Calwell et al., 1957) but is also extremely

brittle. In contrast, Rasmussen (1976) showed that dentin appears to be some four times

tougher than enamel and of considerably lower stiffness."

Caldwell RC, Muntz ML, Gilmore RW, Pigman W (1957). Micro hardness Studies of Intact

Surface Enamel. J Dent Res 36: 732-73829

Craig RG, Peyton FA. (1958). Elastic and mechanical properties of human teeth. J Dent Res 37:

710-718

Rasmussen ST (1976). Fracture properties of human enamel and dentine. J Dent Res 55: 154-

164.

k) AppendicesIt is occasionally desirable to include in the bound Report large volumes of raw data. In order

not to detract from the ease of reading and impact of a well-written Results section, it is

sensible to append this material outside the standard sections of the Report where it is

accessible if required.

Where the volume is too great for this to be done without increasing the size of the Report to

a gross extent, it is wise to consult with your supervisor to determine whether the data

should be omitted or condensed.

2. LENGTH OF REPORT

The Report should be as concise as possible with proper presentation of the material and of a

satisfactory literary standard. Normally, the Report should be approximately 20,000 words in

length. The finished bound volume therefore should not exceed 70 pages and it is worth

remembering that an extensive report is unlikely to impress Examiners, particularly if it could

have been condensed without loss of information.

3. PRESENTATION

The Report should be word processed in 12 font, with 1.5 line spacing and printed on a good

quality printer. Students are encouraged to consult previous students’ dissertations to gain

further insight into layout and format.

No secretarial assistance is provided for students and students must compile the report

themselves. The candidate will be required to submit TWO bound copies to the examiners,

and retain a third copy, which will be brought to the oral examination.

After the examination one of the reports will be deposited in the Departmental Library and

the other retained by the supervisor. In addition to his own bound copy, the student may wish

to keep an unbound photocopy which will prove invaluable should he or she wish to produce

a further bound copy or a rough duplicate to assist in the preparation of a shortened version

for publication.

The Report should be in keeping with the following specifications:

Size of Paper - International A4 (the size of this sheet)

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Margins - A margin of 4 cm must be present on the left hand side to allow for binding. On the

right hand side a 2 cm margin will ensure that the final guillotining of pages after binding does

not encroach on the text.

Illustrations, graphs etc. - These may be inserted in the text, or placed on the left hand pages

to face typescript, in which case there should be no typescript on the reverse of the left hand

page.

Care should be taken to position illustrations and tables so that they are adjacent to the text

which refers to them. With the new word processing capabilities it is possible for illustrations

and tables to be embedded in the text.

It is not desirable to group all the illustrations together, as is sometimes recommended.

Photographs and other illustrations should be properly fixed (dry mounting is the best

method). Facilities and advice for dry mounting are available. Incorporation of digitised or

electronic images is possibly the most efficient way of producing the report. Line diagrams,

artwork etc. - The candidate is expected to produce his own original artwork. Where outside

help is obtained this must be acknowledged in the Report. Reproduction of illustrations from

journals or previous reports should not be undertaken without the usual regard for copyright

and acknowledgement is required.

All illustrations, figures and tables must be accompanied by a caption which gives sufficient

information for the reader to be able to understand their contents without referring to the

text.

Numbering - Right hand pages only should be numbered, in one continuous sequence from

the title page. Blank pages on the reverse of illustrations should be numbered.

4. BINDING

The main University library provides a binding service for students' reports. Two copies must

be submitted in soft binding.

The front cover should show the full title of the project, the author and where submitted, the

higher degree sought and the year as shown in the following example:

TITLE

AUTHOR

UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD

M.Med.Sci

year

The candidate's own third copy does not have to be bound, but must have the same

numbering as the bound copies.

It would also be helpful to submit your report, together will all assignments, on CD-ROM.31

NB: The University Print Unit bind copies of your dissertation. The fee is £8.00 for each

bound dissertation. The website address for further information is:

http://www.shef.ac.uk/printing/pricelist/thesis-binding.html

5 TIMETABLE FOR COMPLETION OF RESEARCH PROJECT/DISSERTATION

As a guide, you should complete work on the various sections as follows:

FebruaryPresentation of Research proposal

(1) Statement of general aims

(2) A brief survey of relevant literature, to show the present state of knowledge

(3) The questions to be addressed or the hypothesis to be tested

(4) Experimental design and research procedure

(5) Research techniques and methods

(6) Timetable for research

March/AprilPresentation of project and dissertation to supervisor and then to staff and students in the

department.

Commence research project

June/JulyStudents will be working full time on their dissertation project with assistance from their

supervisor and relevant laboratory staff

AugustComplete all experimental work and literature reviews.

End AugustSubmission of Final report

Precise dates for presentations and meetings will be agreed with your supervisor and course

co-ordinator. Allow time for your supervisor to read and comment on each section as it is

written. Remember that he or she will also be busy and may take a holiday at the time when

the final manuscript is being prepared. Try not to give the supervisor enormous blocks of

material to read at once. Typed material is easier to read than mediocre handwriting. Drafts

should be double spaced and have wide margins for comments. It is safer not to give your

supervisor your only copy of the manuscript. It is not unknown for a disastrous accidental loss

to occur.

Avoid a last minute rush to complete project work. Reports which are finished in haste

invariably betray the fact and will remain in the Department after you leave as evidence of 32

poor organisation. In particular allow several days for you and at least one other person, who

need not be familiar with the technical content, to scrutinise the typescript for typographical

errors or other minor errors. These are much easier to correct unobtrusively before

photocopying and binding.

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APPENDIX 6Master of Medical Science in Oral Pathology

Student Progression Record

Name of student: ...............................................................................................................

Semester:……… Date of interview: ........................... Member of Staff: ......................................

Academic progress

Advice given (if appropriate)

Personal development

Advice given (if appropriate)

Staff signature: ........................................... Seen by student:

Date: ........................................................... Student signature: ...................................

Date: ....................................................

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APPENDIX 7STUDENT COURSE EVALUATION

Once a semester student views are sought on the conduct of the course and a report made

through the Head of the Department to the Teaching Committee. The following form is used

for the report:

Department of Oral Pathology School of Clinical Dentistry University of Sheffield

STUDENT EVALUATION of M.Med.Sci COURSE - SUMMARY

Academic Year: …………… Semester ………………………….….

Course title: …………………………………………………………..

Course Organiser: …………………………………………………………..

Number of students on course: ………………………………………………………

Number of students involved in this evaluation ……………………………………:

Method of course evaluation: ………………………………………………………...

Changes in the course content from previous period (if any):

Observations from student’s evaluation and staff feedback:

(Continue on separate sheet if desired)

Summary of any problems encountered:

Suggestions for change in next period or academic year (if any):

Signature of Course Supervisor Date …………………………….

Please forward to Dental School Administrator

Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of information given in this booklet.

However, the courses are continually reviewed and revised and there may well be some

changes between the date of publication and the time the course commences. Changes will

be brought to the attention of the students on the course. Nevertheless, if you have any

queries, it is your responsibility to take these up with the course co-ordinator.

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