The Universe in Polarized Light Overview of Lectures...
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Lecture 1: Introduction and Overview Outline 1 The Universe in Polarized Light 2 Overview of Lectures 3 Recommended Books Christoph U. Keller, [email protected] Lecture 1: Introduction and Overview 1
Transcript of The Universe in Polarized Light Overview of Lectures...
Lecture 1: Introduction and Overview
Outline
1 The Universe in Polarized Light2 Overview of Lectures3 Recommended Books
Christoph U. Keller, [email protected] Lecture 1: Introduction and Overview 1
Polarized Light in the UniversePolarization indicates anisotropy⇒ not all directions are equal
Typical anisotropies introduced bygeometry (not everything is spherically symmetric)gradients (temperature, density, etc.)magnetic fieldselectrical fields
Christoph U. Keller, [email protected] Lecture 1: Introduction and Overview 2
Polarized Light from the Big Bang
Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is red-shifted radiationfrom Big Bang 14× 109 years agoage, geometry, density of universe from CMB intensity patternfirst 0.1 seconds from polarization pattern of CMBinflation⇒ gravitational waves⇒ polarization signalspolarization expected at (or below) 10−6 of intensity
13.7 billion year old temperature fluctuations from WMAP
Christoph U. Keller, [email protected] Lecture 1: Introduction and Overview 3
Unified Model of Active Galactic Nuclei
Christoph U. Keller, [email protected] Lecture 1: Introduction and Overview 4
R Coronae Borealis
HST WFPC2 at 555 nm ExPo at 4.2-m WHT
Christoph U. Keller, [email protected] Lecture 1: Introduction and Overview 5
Protoplanetary Disk in Scattered Light (ExPo at 4.2-m WHT)
Christoph U. Keller, [email protected] Lecture 1: Introduction and Overview 6
Planetary Scattered Light (ExPo at 4.2-m WHT)
Christoph U. Keller, [email protected] Lecture 1: Introduction and Overview 7
Solar Longitudinal Zeeman Effect (SOLIS VSM)
Christoph U. Keller, [email protected] Lecture 1: Introduction and Overview 8
Second Solar Spectrum from Scattering Polarization
Christoph U. Keller, [email protected] Lecture 1: Introduction and Overview 9
α Cen A with HARPSpol at ESO’s3.6-m Sun with 50-cm SOLIS VSM
Christoph U. Keller, [email protected] Lecture 1: Introduction and Overview 10
Zeeman Doppler Imaging of TTauri Stars
Other astrophysical applicationsinterstellar magnetic field from polarized starlightsupernova asymmetriesgalactic magnetic field from Faraday rotation
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Lectures by Christoph U. Keller
1 Introduction and Overview2 Electromagnetic Waves in Isotropic Media 13 Electromagnetic Waves in Isotropic Media 24 Thin Films5 Crystal Optics6 Anisotropic Media7 Linear Polarizers8 Fixed Retarders9 Variable Retarders
10 Polarimetry Systems Engineering 111 Polarimetry Systems Engineering 212 Rotating Retarder Polarimeters13 Liquid Crystal Polarimeters14 Advanced Polarimeters
Christoph U. Keller, [email protected] Lecture 1: Introduction and Overview 12
Lecture 2: Electromagnetic Waves in Isotropic Media 1
Outline
1 Electromagnetic Waves2 Electromagnetic Waves Across Interfaces3 Snell’s law
Christoph U. Keller, [email protected] Lecture 1: Introduction and Overview 13
Lecture 3: Electromagnetic Waves in Isotropic Media 2
Outline
1 Fresnel Equations2 Brewster Angle3 Total Internal Reflection
Christoph U. Keller, [email protected] Lecture 1: Introduction and Overview 14
Lecture 4: Thin Films
Outline
1 Thin Films2 Calculating Thin Film Stack Properties3 Jones Matrices for Thin Film Stacks4 Mueller Matrices for Thin Film Stacks5 Mueller Matrix for Dielectrica6 Mueller Matrix for Metals7 Applications to Solar Polarimetry
Christoph U. Keller, [email protected] Lecture 1: Introduction and Overview 15
Lecture 5: Crystal Optics
Outline
1 Homogeneous, Anisotropic Media2 Crystals3 Plane Waves in Anisotropic Media4 Wave Propagation in Uniaxial Media5 Reflection and Transmission at Interfaces
Christoph U. Keller, [email protected] Lecture 1: Introduction and Overview 16
Lecture 6: Anisotropic Media
Outline
1 Dichroism2 Stress Birefringence3 Form Birefringence4 Electro-Optics
Christoph U. Keller, [email protected] Lecture 1: Introduction and Overview 17
Lecture 7: Linear Polarizers
Outline
1 Jones and Mueller Matrices for Linear Polarizers2 Wire Grid Polarizers3 Polaroid-type Polarizers4 Crystal-based Polarizers5 Thin-Film Polarizers6 Polarizer Selection Guide
Christoph U. Keller, [email protected] Lecture 1: Introduction and Overview 18
Lecture 8: Fixed Retarders
Outline
1 Jones and Mueller Matrices for Linear Retarders2 Zero and Multiple Order Linear Retarders3 Crystal Retarders4 Polymer Retarders5 Achromatic Retarders6 Angle-Dependence of Linear Retarders7 Temperature Dependence of Fixed Retarders8 Spectral Fringes in Retarders9 Linear Retarder Selection Guide
Christoph U. Keller, [email protected] Lecture 1: Introduction and Overview 19
Lecture 9: Variable Retarders
Outline
1 Liquid Crystal Retarders2 Piezo-Elastic Modulators (PEMs)3 Achromatic Variable Retarders4 Comparison of Variable Retarders
Christoph U. Keller, [email protected] Lecture 1: Introduction and Overview 20
Lecture 10: Polarimetry Systems Engineering 1
Outline
1 Systems Engineering for Polarimetry2 Errors in Polarimetric Measurements3 Polarization Sensitivity and Accuracy4 Polarimetric Efficiency5 Photon Budget6 Systematic Errors7 Polarimeter Design
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Lecture 11: Polarimetry Systems Engineering 2
Outline
1 General Polarimeter2 Temporal and Spatial Modulation3 Double-Ratio Technique4 Calibration5 Polarized Ray Tracing
Christoph U. Keller, [email protected] Lecture 1: Introduction and Overview 22
Lecture 12: Rotating Retarder Polarimeters
Outline
1 Rotating Waveplate Polarimeters2 ASP3 Hinode SOT4 HARPSpol
Christoph U. Keller, [email protected] Lecture 1: Introduction and Overview 23
Lecture 13: Liquid Crystal Polarimeters
Outline
1 Liquid Crystal Polarimeters2 SOLIS VSM3 S5T
Christoph U. Keller, [email protected] Lecture 1: Introduction and Overview 24
Lecture 14: Advanced Polarimeters
Outline
1 ZIMPOL2 C3Po3 SPEX
Christoph U. Keller, [email protected] Lecture 1: Introduction and Overview 25
Recommended Books
Stellar PolarimetryDavid Clarke
Astronomical PolarimetryJaap Tinbergen
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Christoph U. Keller, [email protected] Lecture 1: Introduction and Overview 27
