The universe
-
Upload
proffyorch -
Category
Documents
-
view
61 -
download
2
Transcript of The universe
THE UNIVERSE
Creation of the Universe
CosmologyStudy of the origin, structure and future of the universe.
It is thought that the universe is in constant expansion!
13.7 to 15 thousand million years ago…All the matter in the universe was compressed in a small point.
As it started rotating, it exploded and liberated all the energy in the Universe.
The galaxies were formed a thousand million years later.
This explosion of matter and energy is known as the…
Galaxies
There are different models about the form of the galaxies.
Forms of the Galaxies
3 types of them:
Spirals Form of disc, with highly densed stars grouped surrounding the central bulb.
EllipticalsAll of the stars were formed at once and have the shape of an ellipse.
IrregularsWithout definitie aspect and small sized.New stars keep forming, made of gas and dust.
The Milky Way is a regular spiral galaxy.
It formed 13 thousand million years ago.
Solar System
It was formed 4600 million years ago in a cloud of hellium and rocks.
It has 2 type of planets:Interiors
Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. The closest ones to the Sun, the first ones to be formed,
made of rock.
ExteriorsJupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. The formed slowly and are made of gas.
Comets Asteroids Meteors
Rock and metalChunks of ice
Dust cloudsErrant objects made of:
CometsParts of ice and rockThey travel around the Sun
Meteor (shooting star)Stream of lightRock and dust burn in the high levels of the atmosphere
MeteoriteRock from space that falls into EarthPiece of asteroid
AsteroidSmaller pieces of rockBetween Mars and JupiterLimit between interior and exterior planets
Astronomy
One of the oldest sciencesFirst observations and descoveries made by:
Babylonians, Egyptians, Chinese and Greek
The Greeks were the first ones to try to explain the planetary movement
The Earth was the center of the Universe
Ptolomy’s Solar SystemGeocentric system
Earth is the center of the UniverseThe planets that revolve around it
MoonMercuryVenusSunMarsJipiterSaturn
Copernicus’ heliocentric theoryThe Sun is the center of the Universe
It does not movePlanets revolve around it in circular orbitsStars located, immobile, in the outer sphere
The precedent model for scientists like:GalileoKepler Newton
Galileo Galilei’s MoonsBuilt a telescope with 32 lenses
Begininning of the Telescopic Astronomy
Demonstrated that the Sun revolved around its axis in 27 days
Observation of solar stains
Observed 4 bodies revolving around Jupiter
Galileo’s moons
Johann Kepler’s Laws
Based on:Copernicus’ theoryObservations made by his teacher, Tycho Brahe
Demonstrated elliptical planet orbits17 years of dedicationVast knowledge in mathematics
Stablished 3 laws in planetary motion
Kepler’s First Law
The paths of the planets are ellipses with the Sun at one focus.
Kepler’s Second LawAn imaginar line from the Sun to a planet sweeps out equal areas in equal time intervals whether the planet is close to or far from the Sun.
The planets move faster near the Sun.
Kepler’s Third Law
The squares of the periods of revolution of the planets are proportional to the cubes of the radius of their orbits.
Isaac Newton
Deduced that a planet is kept in orbit by the centripetal force by the force of attraction of the Sun.This phenomenom is Universal
Between 2 objects of any material
It gave origin to:
Law of Universal Gravitation
Law of Universal Gravitation
Any 2 bodies attract with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inverserly proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Implications on the Universal Law of Gravitation
Orbits depend on universal gravityPlanets and moons alike
Force of gravity on Earth’s surface retains everything
Atmosphere does not escape to infinityWater does not fall off the planetObjects thrown to the air return to the ground
The tides occurs when the Moon along with the Sun influence on water
Force of attraction to space bodies
Albert Einstein
General Theory of RelativityGravity is not a force, but an effect of space itself.It is an apparent force, and mass causes space to be curved, and other bodies are accelerated because they move in this curved space.A very large mass causes:
Distortion in spaceMakes the particles, even light, to follow curved trajectories
Video
The Detailed Universe This will Blow Your Mind. (1).mp4