The United States’ Interest inthe Middle East

SS7H2d. Explain US presence and interest in Southwest Asia; include the Persian Gulf conflict and invasions of Afghanistan

and Iraq

Why is the U.S. so ‘interested’?

Lets take a closer look….

• Iraq

• Persian Gulf War

• Afghanistan

The 1st Persian Gulf War• Also called OPERATION DESERT STORM

• During the video- Write down:– When was it?– What was the cause?– Who was involved?– How did it end?

• UNIT 1C US INVOLVEMENT IN ME OPERATION DESERT STORM VIDEO Commander_in_Chief__Inside_the_Oval_Office__The_Gulf_War.wmv

Persian Gulf War• USA has had interest in

Iraq since 1990…– 1990 Iraq invaded Kuwait

(Persian Gulf War)– Saddam Hussein wanted

control over Kuwait's oil fields

– Saddam wanted more access to Persian Gulf

Persian Gulf War• The United States

responded as an ally of Kuwait.– To prevent Saddam Hussein

from having power/ oil.

• Along with other nations, USA recaptured Kuwait in 1991.– Operation Desert Storm– Air attacks and ground

forces forced Iraqis out of Kuwait

Persian Gulf War

• Before leaving Kuwait Iraqi forces set fire to oil rigs causing an immense amount of economic damage to Kuwait's Oil industry.

Analyze the Cartoon

1.How does it relate to the standard and element?

2.Explain the symbolism of the cartoon.

United Nations Responds• The United Nations (UN)

imposed a trade embargo when Iraq invaded Kuwait.– This prevented Iraq from

exporting goods– Remained even after the Persian

Gulf War• The U.N. would leave when WMD

destroyed…

– UN inspection left in 1998• 85% were destroyed

• Some believed Hussein was hiding WMDs.

Afghanistan: First Stop in the War on Terror

• Taliban on the rise in Afghanistan– An extreme religious

sect of Islam

• The Anti- American Taliban sheltered Al Qaeda terrorist group.– Leader: Osama bin

Laden

Taliban/ Al Qaeda: Attack on America

• September 11th, 2001– Terrorist Attack on USA

• World Trade Center, Pentagon

• US government held bin Laden responsible– Considered attack as an act of

war

United States Responds- Invasion of Afghanistan• November 2001-Operation

Enduring Freedom – US ground forces entered

Afghanistan to disarm the Taliban and find bin Laden

– At first efforts were successful and US was helping rebuild new democracy in Afghanistan.

• Osama bin Laden was eventually found and executed; The Taliban has retreated to Pakistan and still attacks Afghanistan– Suicide bombers– Roadside bombs– Attacks on US and international

military posts

Invasion of Iraq- Operation Iraqi Freedom

• ANSWER DURING THE VIDEO:

• When was it?

• What was the cause?

• Who was involved?

• When did it end?

• How did it end?

• UNIT 1C US INVOLVEMENT IN ME Operation_Iraqi_Freedom VIDEO CLIP.wmv

Back to Iraq: Invasion of Iraq

• After UN inspection, some US leaders still believed Saddam Hussein had WMDs.– Saddam didn’t comply with

inspectors.– 2003 US, Britain, and other

countries invaded Iraq.• Iraqi government fell and the war

was over in less than 2 mos.

• Hussein was captured, tried, and put to death

• Temporary government was put in place until constitution was written.

• Still have roadside bombs, attacks on US forces, unemployment, civilian deaths and injuries, and Sunni/ Shia battles (civil war)

• 2005 Iraqis took part in free elections to establish its democratic government. – US gov’t plans to keep minimal

number troops in Iraq until Iraqi police and soldiers can keep country stable.

Review

• Put these in the right order on your paper…

A. US ground forces landed in Afghanistan

B. Taliban rebuilds forces in Pakistan

C. Terrorist attack of September 11th 2001

D. Taliban rises in power in Afghanistan

E. The United Sates helps form a new government in Afghanistan

Quick Review1. The UN inspection team left Iraq in _____.

2. After the UN inspection team left Iraq, some American leaders were concerned that Iraq still had __________________.

3. Military forces from the US, Britain, and other countries invaded Iraq in ________.

4. _________ was captured, tried, and sentenced to death.

5. Battles still rage between _______ and ______ Muslims.

6. Iraqis voted in free elections in ________.

Quick Quiz1. In 1990 Iraq invaded:

a. Iran b. Saudi Arabia c. Kuwait

2. Which country led the international coalition invading Iraq in 1991?

a. USA b. Israel c. Iran

3. Who imposed a trade embargo against Iraq?a. UN b. USA c. OPEC

4. A UN inspection team was in Iraq for seven years finding and destroying these…

a. Oil Fields b. Helicopters c. WMDs