The United States Civil War By Rick Redinger ED 417.
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Transcript of The United States Civil War By Rick Redinger ED 417.
The United States Civil War
By Rick Redinger
ED 417
Why we fought
• North Manufacture based
• South Agriculture based
• North had abundance of workers
• South needed slave labor
Why we fought (cont’d)
• North wanted western expansion not to include slavery
• South wanted western expansion to include slavery
Why expansion was an issue
• As the U.S. expanded westward, new states added Senate and Congress representation to an already close North/South split
• The addition of all non-slave or all slave states would tip the balance
• Neither the North or the South wanted to lose influence in the Federal Government
A Nation Divided• Tensions were high
and the country was clearly becoming divided between the North and the South
• The situation would soon explode
The Civil War Begins• April 12, 1861, 4:30 am. General
Pierre Beauregard leads a Confederate group with fifty cannons that opens fire on Fort Sumpter, South Carolina.
• The only war fought on American soil by Americans had begun
THE UNION 1861
• Abraham Lincoln is President
• The Capitol is in Washington DC
• Consists of states north of approx. 39’ latitude
THE CONFEDERACY 1861
• Jefferson Davis is named President
• Richmond, Virginia becomes the Capitol City
• Consists of 11 states south of approximately 39’ latitude
The United States Civil War
• Over three million people fought against their own countrymen
• Over 600,000 persons died
Bull Run• July 1861 Union troops are
repelled at Bull Run, 25 miles south of Washington, DC
• Confederate General Thomas J. Jackson acquires the nickname “Stonewall”
A future President is made
• February 1862 General Ulysses S. Grant captures two Tennessee forts in a ten day span, earning the nickname “Unconditional Surrender” Grant
• Soon after the war he would become
President of the United States of America
Naval History is made 1862
• Confederate ironclad Merrimac sinks two wooden Union ships then battles ironclad Monitor to a draw
• Naval warfare is forever changed, making wooden ships obsolete
“Damn the torpedoes…”• April 1862 Flag
Officer David Garragut takes New Orleans, the South’s largest seaport
• Sailing through a rebel minefield he utters “Damn the torpedoes, full speed ahead”.
The Bloodiest Day in History
• September 17, 1862 General Robert E. Lee’s Confederate troops are stopped at Antietam, Maryland
• By nightfall over 26,000 men are dead, wounded, or missing
• The was the bloodiest single day of this, or any, war in United States history
Emancipation Proclamation
• January 1, 1863 Union President Abraham Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation, declaring all slaves in the Confederate states free and emphasizing their enlistment in the Union army
• The war becomes a revolutionary struggle to abolish slavery
South loses a leader
• May 10 the Confederates suffer a huge blow when “Stonewall” Jackson dies 6 days after suffering injuries at the battle of Chancellorville, Virginia
• The fatal wounds were accidentally inflicted by his own troops
Battle of Gettysburg
• The tide of the war turns for the North as the South suffers a defeat at Gettysburg
• This was the northernmost battle of the war
Lincoln meets Douglas
• August 10 President Lincoln meets with abolitionist Frederick Douglas who pushes for full equality for Union “Negro troops”
Cemetery Dedication
• November 19, 1863 President Lincoln delivers a two minute speech dedicating a Cemetery at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
• This would forever be known at The Gettysburg Address
Grant’s march to Richmond
• May 1864 General Grant takes an army of 120,000 Union troops toward Richmond to attack General Robert E. Lee’s troops, now numbering 64,000
• Major battles ensue at Wilderness and Spotsylvania, Virginia leading up to the battle at Cold Harbor
Grant’s error
• General Grant makes tactical error while attacking well fortified Cold Harbor resulting loss of 7000 troops in twenty minutes
Sherman takes Atlanta• September 2, 1864
Union General Sherman captures Atlanta
• November 15 before his march to the sea he destroys Atlanta’s warehouses and railroad yards
March to the Sea
• December 21, 1864 General Sherman arrives at Savannah, Georgia leaving a 300 mile path of destruction over 60 miles wide in his wake
• Sherman offers President Lincoln Savannah as “a Christmas present”
The 13th Amendment
• January 31, 1865 Congress approves the 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution, to abolish slavery
• It is sent to the states for ratification
Richmond Abandoned
• April 2, 1865 Grant breaks through Lee’s troops at Petersburg, Virginia
• Confederates abandon Capital at Richmond
Confederate Surrender
• April 9, 1865 General Robert E. Lee surrenders his troops to General Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia
Lincoln Assassinated
• April 14, 1865 At 10:13pm while watching the third act of the play “Our American Cousin” with his wife Mary, President Lincoln is shot and killed by John Wilkes Boothe
The War Ends
• May 1865 The remaining Confederate troops surrender reuniting a country after four years and 620,000 deaths