The Underground The Underground Railroad Railroad

The Underground Railroad The Underground Railroad

The Underground Railroad was actually an The Underground Railroad was actually an above-ground series of escape routes for above-ground series of escape routes for slaves traveling from the South to the slaves traveling from the South to the North trying to gain their freedom. North trying to gain their freedom.

Slaves traveled by foot, wagons, boats, Slaves traveled by foot, wagons, boats, and trains. and trains.

Slave runaways would usually travel by Slave runaways would usually travel by the light of night and hide during the day the light of night and hide during the day in places known as stations. These were in places known as stations. These were safe houses owned by abolitionists. safe houses owned by abolitionists.

Abolitionist Abolitionist

Abolition-The movement to end slavery Abolition-The movement to end slavery Slaves would hide in various places.Slaves would hide in various places. Abolitionist – a person who believed and Abolitionist – a person who believed and

worked for the abolishment of slavery. worked for the abolishment of slavery.

Henry Box Brown Henry Box Brown

Henry Box Brown Henry Box Brown

Henry Brown convinced Samuel A. Henry Brown convinced Samuel A. Smith to pack him in a box and ship Smith to pack him in a box and ship him to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. him to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Henry Box BrownHenry Box Brown ’’s trip to Philadelphia s trip to Philadelphia was grueling, in tight quarters. was grueling, in tight quarters.

Brown was set free in Philadelphia and Brown was set free in Philadelphia and eventually made his way to Boston, eventually made his way to Boston, where he helped fellow escapees on the where he helped fellow escapees on the Underground Railroad. Underground Railroad.

Would you take the risk???Would you take the risk???

If the slaves were caught, they If the slaves were caught, they were sold or beaten with a were sold or beaten with a whip; sometimes they were whip; sometimes they were lynched.lynched.

Conductors Conductors

Conductors were Conductors were the people who led the people who led the runaways to the runaways to freedom. freedom.

Harriett Tubman Harriett Tubman

Harriet Tubman was born a slave in Maryland.Harriet Tubman was born a slave in Maryland. When she learned that her owner was going to sell When she learned that her owner was going to sell

her, she decided to escape. her, she decided to escape. Tubman made 19 journeys from the South to the Tubman made 19 journeys from the South to the

North as a Conductor on the Underground Railroad.North as a Conductor on the Underground Railroad.

Harriet Tubman Harriet Tubman

Southern Southern Plantation owners Plantation owners offered $40,000 for offered $40,000 for the capture of the capture of Harriet Tubman. Harriet Tubman.

Plantation Owners Plantation Owners also offered also offered rewards for the rewards for the return of runaway return of runaway slaves. slaves.

Sojourner Truth Sojourner Truth

Sojourner Truth Sojourner Truth was born a slave was born a slave in New York, and in New York, and she fled to live she fled to live with Quakers.with Quakers.

Truth spoke for Truth spoke for abolition and abolition and womenwomen’’s rights. s rights.

William Lloyd Garrison William Lloyd Garrison

Abolitionist Abolitionist Published an Published an

antislavery antislavery newspaper newspaper The The LiberatorLiberator

Jermain Loguen Jermain Loguen

Abolitionist and Abolitionist and Religious Leader Religious Leader

Station master of Station master of Underground Underground RailroadRailroad

Estimated 1500 Estimated 1500 Fugitive slaves Fugitive slaves passed through his passed through his home home

Mary Ann ShaddMary Ann Shadd

Educated black Educated black children in free and children in free and slave statesslave states

Fled to Canada Fled to Canada Spoke out against Spoke out against

Slavery Slavery Educated fugitive Educated fugitive

slave children in slave children in CanadaCanada

Lucretia Mott Lucretia Mott

Lucretia and her Lucretia and her husband boycotted all husband boycotted all goods produced by goods produced by slave labor. slave labor.

Abolitionist Abolitionist WomenWomen’’s Rights s Rights Spoke at Quaker Spoke at Quaker

meetings against meetings against slavery slavery

Attended World Attended World Antislavery Convention Antislavery Convention in London in 1840 in London in 1840

Fredrick DouglassFredrick Douglass

Abolitionist Abolitionist SpeakerSpeaker

Published an Published an autobiographautobiography y

William Still William Still

Member of the Member of the Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Antislavery Antislavery Society Society

Established a Established a number of safe number of safe houseshouses

Susan B. Anthony Susan B. Anthony

Fought for Fought for womenwomen’’s suffrage s suffrage in the 20in the 20thth Century Century

She worked for She worked for temperance and temperance and anti-slavery anti-slavery movementsmovements

John WhittierJohn Whittier

American American Abolitionist Abolitionist Poet Poet

““Quaker PoetQuaker Poet”” of freedomof freedom

Jonathan Walker Jonathan Walker

Jonathan Walker Jonathan Walker became a national hero became a national hero in 1844 when he was in 1844 when he was tried and sentenced as tried and sentenced as a slave stealer a slave stealer following an attempt to following an attempt to assist seven runaway assist seven runaway slaves find freedom.  slaves find freedom.  He was branded on the He was branded on the right hand with the right hand with the letters SS signifying letters SS signifying "Slave Stealer". "Slave Stealer".

Josiah Henson Josiah Henson

Josiah Henson was Josiah Henson was one of the first one of the first slaves to write his slaves to write his memoirs after memoirs after escaping to freedom.escaping to freedom.

Harriet Beecher Harriet Beecher Stowe acknowledged Stowe acknowledged that Henson's that Henson's writings were the writings were the inspiration for her inspiration for her 1852 novel, 1852 novel, Uncle Uncle Tom's CabinTom's Cabin

Routes to Freedom Routes to Freedom

THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD

THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD

Spirituals Spirituals

Spirituals Spirituals

Spirituals like Spirituals like ““Wade in the WaterWade in the Water””, , ““The The Gospel TrainGospel Train”” and and ““Swing Low, Sweet ChariotSwing Low, Sweet Chariot”” directly refer to the Underground Railroad.directly refer to the Underground Railroad.

Spirituals gradually evolved to serve a variety Spirituals gradually evolved to serve a variety of purposes in the fight for freedom:of purposes in the fight for freedom:1) Singing as an expression of values 1) Singing as an expression of values

2) Singing as a source of inspiration or motivation 2) Singing as a source of inspiration or motivation

3) Singing as an expression of protest3) Singing as an expression of protest

4) Singing as a communication tool 4) Singing as a communication tool

Quilts Quilts

During the time of the Underground During the time of the Underground Railroad fugitive slaves would use Railroad fugitive slaves would use quilts as a means of communication. quilts as a means of communication.

Quilts were used by conductors to Quilts were used by conductors to help fugitive slaves flee the South help fugitive slaves flee the South and arrive safely in the North. and arrive safely in the North.

Quilt Usage in the Underground Quilt Usage in the Underground Railroad Railroad

This Quilt This Quilt represented represented the NORTH the NORTH

STAR STAR

Quilts Quilts

This quilt This quilt was the was the

symbol for symbol for the wagon the wagon

wheel wheel

QuiltsQuilts

This Quilt This Quilt symbolizesymbolize

d a log d a log cabin cabin

Quilts Quilts

This quilt This quilt symbolizesymbolize

d a d a crossroadcrossroad

s s

The Underground Railroad The Underground Railroad