The Ukrainian Weekly 1982-33

8/14/2019 The Ukrainian Weekly 1982-33

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c . a fraternal non-profit association! o l. L No. 33 T H E U K R A I N I A N W E E K L Y S U N D A Y , A U G U S T 1 5 , 1 9 8 2 2 5 c e n t sFrom UkraineU k r a i n i a n N a t i o n a l F r o n t j o u r n a lf r o m 1 9 6 6 r e a c h e s t h e W e s tTORON TO - A copy of a 1966

journal published by the clandestineUkrainiair'National Front has recently reached the West,reported hepress service of Zarevo.The publication, titled Volya Batkivsbchyna, is dated April 1966,(No. 14) and served as the officialpublication of the front, a groupwhich advocated the peaceful secession of Ukraine from the USSR inthe 1960s.Aside from the jou rnal, membersof the front published their literaryworks in an anthology, "Mesnyk"(Avenger). They also submitted amemorandum to the 23rd Commun.nist Party Congress and to thenUkrainian party chief Petro Shelest

demanding the independence ofUkraine.This Ukrainian National Frontshould no t be confused with a newergroup by the same name founded inthe mid-1970s on the initiative ofMykola Kraynyk, a school principalin the Ivano-Frankivske oblast .News of the Ukrainian NationalFront of the 1970s first reach ed theWest in 1980, in the Chronicle ofRepression in Ukraine, which waspublished by the External Representat ion of the Ukrainian Hels inkiGroup.The Ukrainian National Front ofthe 1960s was founded by Zinoviy

Krasivsky, Dm ytro Kvetsko, the lateVasyl Diak and others in 1965. OnMarch 27,1967 the organization wasdisbanded by the KGB, and itsmembers were arrested o n charges of"anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda" and "betrayal of the fatherland," Articles 62 and 56, respectively, of the Ukrainian Criminal Code.. Mr. Krasivsky, 53, has been amember of the Ukrainian HelsinkiGroup since October 1979. He wasfirst arrested at age 17 for escapingfrom internal exile. He was arrestedagain in Masch 1967 and in December 1971, a new criminal charge wasinitiated against him for his poetry,and he spent time in psychiatrichospitals.He was o nce againreleased n 1978in very poor health and expressed hisdesire to emigrate from the USSR.| On M arch 20, 1980 he was arrestedon unknown charges related to hisactivities in the Ukrainian HelsinkiGroup and sentenced to serve out theremainder of his previous sentence,which was eight mo nths' labor campand five years' exile.

In all, nine men were arrested andtried for membership in the front.Mr. Kvetsko, now 45, was sentencedin 1967 to a total of 15 years' laborcamp and exile. The same year, Mr.Diak received a 12-year term.The others, Ivan Hubka, an economics graduate who had previouslyserved a sentence in the 1940s and50s; Vasyl Kulynyn, a labor; MyronMelen, a folk choir condu ctor; Hry-horiy Prokopovych, who served aprevious eight-year term in the 1940sand 50s; and Mykola Kuchar eachgot 11-year labor-camp and exilesentences.

The ninth member to be sentencedin 1967 was Yaroslaw Lesiv, a teacherand currently a member of the Uk rainian Helsinki group, who also go t an11-year term. In 1980, he was sentenced to two years in a labor campfor drug possession.

According to Ukrainian samvydavand various news service, the group,during its existence,released16issuesof this journ al.The fourteenth one, which hasonly recently reached the west, includes a statement by the UkrainianNational Front signed by its leadership, and such articles as "Ukraineunder the heel of its occupier,""Enough suffering," "Who are you?""Khyylovy and co ntemporaneity" (areprint from the journal Probo yem,1942) "Ukrainian nation" as well asUkrainian news.The following are a few excerptsfrom the journal that reflect theatmosphere prevalent in Ukraine inthe 1960s and the extent of Sovietrepression and exploitation.e The struggle will be tough, manylives will be sacrificied but the Ukrainian National Front will not stopfighting until Ukraine is free of allcolonial knaves...e Ukrainians! Since 1918, ourlands have been tread upon by thecommunist occupier. Ukraine is aRussian colony. The inexhaustableriches of our land have become thesource of aggresive travail of Sovietimperialism. Our nation has becomean object of brutal exploitation... Econo mists figure that the Sovietgovernment annually takes 4 m illiongold rubles from the Ukrainianbudget without ever returning it,without any compensation. This isalmost half of the annual moniesallowed to the Ukrainian SSR. It isalso the same am ount used this year

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Soviet hunger-striker resumes eatingafter wife lies about exit visaMOSCOW - A Soviet hunger-striker, Yuri Balovlenkov, ended a 36-day fast on August 9 after his Americanwife told him that Soviet officials wouldallow him to emigrate if he resumed

eating. His wife, a 29-year-old nursefrom Baltimore, later said she had liedto save his life, reported the AssociatedPress."The only thing left for me was to lieto him," said Elena Kusmenko, who isof Ukrainian and Russian extraction.She said emigration officials told herthat they would reconsider her husband's case if he ended his fast and thathe probably could leave by January1985.She added that she thought officialswere mainly interested in having Mr.Balovlenkov end his fast, which was hissecond this year. He had ended a; 43 -day hunger strike on June 21 afterSoviet officials reportedly promisedhim an exit visa."What else could I do?" said Mrs.Balovlenkov. "He was going to killhimself. I have never lied to him before,but this was necessary, a lot nicer thanwatching him die."Mrs. Balovlenkov barred reportersfrom seeing her husband, a 33-year-oldformer computer programmer. She saidshe was afraid one o f them wo uld let slipthe fact that she had deceived him.Mr. -Balov lenko v is one o f sevenSovie t c i t i zens who began hungerstrikes in May and June seeking permission to join their spouses in theWest. Two have already emigrated, andtwo others have received their visas andexpect to leave soon.

His condition will remain "critical"for at least two weeks, as he recoversfrom the effects of his two fasts, saidMrs. Balovlenkov.Soviet officials deny ever promisingMr. Balovlenkov an exit visa and havemaintained that this application hadbeen rejected on the basis of "considerations of state" because he hadaccess to secret informa tion in his job .

Mrs. Balovlenkov, after her meetingwith Seviet officials, said, "They toldme that state considerations could bechanged."She said she was feeding her husbandsmall quantities of a diluted nourishment compound, and would increasethe dose within several days, dependingoh his reaction."There is evidence of liver damageand kidney damage, and his psyche isalso probably damaged," she said.Mrs. Balovlenkov said she was unableto predict how her husband w ould reactwhen he learns of her deception.She said her husband's mother,Yekaterina, who had been fasting insupport of his protest, also began eatingagain on August 9, taking some fruitjuice during the evening. The mother isstaying at a friend's house.The Balovlenkovs met in a Moscowcafe in 1977, when she was visiting as atourist. They were married in 1978 andsaw each other only on her infrequenttrips to Moscow.The couple has a 2-year-old daughter,Yekaterina, who saw her father for thefirst time last month when she and hermother visited Moscow for 10 days, theAP reported.

A H R U p e t i ti o n p us hes H e ls in k i r e s o lu tio nby Walter Bodnar

NEW ARK, N .J. - A vigorous petition campaign regarding House Concurrent Resolution 205, dealing with therelease of the Ukrainian Helsinki monitoring group, is being waged by Americans for Human Rights in Ukraine(AHRU) in conjunction with otherorganizations and concerned individuals.Thousands of petitions are being sentto President Ronald Reagan in order togain his attention for this issue. A mass- appeal is being extended to the generalpublic to continue this nationwide drivefor signatures so that the presidentmight fulfill the wishes expressed byCongress and the American people.

The U.S. Congress passed the resolution in defense of the Ukrainian PublicGroup to Promo te the Implementationof the Helsinki Accords in one of themos t e f f ec t ive and speedy ac t i ons

regarding an important Ukrainianissue.This resolution, introduced by NewJersey congressmen Bernard J. Dwyerand Christopher H. Smith, with 74other congressmen jo ining as co-sponsors, was passed by the full Houseon May 4, and by the Senate on June 21.It asks the president to pro claim N ovember 9 as a day ho noring the Ukrainian group, and to use all means at hisdisposal to effect the release of itsmembers from imprisonment and exile.This legislation was originally introduced in October 1981 to commemorate the fifth anniversary of the founding of the Ukrainian Helsinki group.The founding group consisted of 10prominent Ukrainians headed by itschairman, writer Mykola Rudenko.The significance of this group's formation displayed for the first time in thehistory of the Soviet Union a group ofstalwarts openly forming a citizens'


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TH E UKRAI NI AN W EEKLY SUNDAY, AUGUST 15 . 19 82 No . 33

Soviet atheist cinema seeksto destroy "rel igious remnant

ZURICH, Switzerland - Thecinema has become the latest tool inthe Soviet Union's official battle withreligion according to the director ofan ongoing film series attackingvarious church groups, reportedEast/ West N ews.In an interview with the Sovietpublication Ranok, Ivan Kocan, aveteran filmmaker, said that thedistribution of his pro-atheistic filmsis the most effective method todislodge w hat he called "the religiousremnant."Mr. Kocan, working with fellowdirector Anatolij Fedorov, recentlywon the Jaroslav Halan Prize forbistrilogy of anti-religious film s "TheT rojan Horse," "T he Vampire" and"The People A ccuses."Although Mr. Kocan's films attackall religious denominations and theanti-rel igious themes are oftencouched in subtleness, thedirector'scinematic attacks on the CatholicChurch, particularly inUkraine havebeen overt and vehement.His film on Ukrainian CatholicPatrirach Josyf Slipyj, "The Cardinal with a Wolfs Mind," bluntlybrandishes both the prelate and theCatholic Church.Another film, "A Pastor on theSlippery Road," attacks both theCatholic Church and Ukrainiannational ists . The film shows anItalian pastor named Bernardo Vin-cenzo entering the Soviet Union as

an espionage agent. He is there, thefilm says, "to col lect anti-Sovietinformation and make contact withthe Uniate Church."T he director ties in the priest withchurch leaders who, according to thefilm, work with both facists andUkrainian nationalists.Mr. Kocan told Ranok that whilethe Catholic Church remains strongin Lithuania and Ukraine, he is nowsetting hissights on the Baptists."T hose meek and humble pastorswho misuse the freedoms granted bythe Soviet Constitution sow fiendishideas in immature souls under thepretext of following a higher moralcode," he said.Labelling those who listen to andbelieve thepastors as "unstable" and"traumatized," Mr. Kocan said thatthe dogma of salvation is dangerousbecause it attracts egoists.Children, especially those of believers, remain the major target of hisfilms, he said, and his films seek toconvince young audiences that religion and, in particular, church leadersare basically mentally disturbed anddangerous. One film, "Marijka'sFate," depicts a young Orthodoxgirl who is almost buried alive bychurch leaders who are looking for asaint. Mr. Kocan insisted that thestory of the girl, who at the end isrescued and raised in a proper communist manner, is true.

R u m a n i a s e e k s U . S . t r a d e ; f r e e s 1 1BUCHARE ST , Rumania - Inan unprecedented move, all 11Rumanian Christians imprisoned forthe distribution of a claimed 600,000Bibles have been granted personalam ne s t y and re leased, repor tedEast/West News. Ten, including thealleged leader Klaus Wagner, returnedhome July 30. The I lth, CostelGeorgescu, was released July 31.While no further details have beenconfirmed a bout the release, the Rumanian government appears in recentweeks to have heeded the concerns ofWestern governments and human-rights organizations.T he Bible distr ibutors' case wasmentioned among the many human-rights violations by the Rumaniangovernment during the U.S. Househearings on the renewal of most-favored-nation preferential trading status inJuly.In addition to Messrs. Wagner andGeorgescu, Maria Delapeta, Fibia

C o s t e l G e o r g e s c uDelapeta, Silviu Cioata, Mircea Cioata,Ion T eodor, Petre Furnea, Ion Receala,Horst Feder and Hans Holzmann werereleased.Mr. Wagner and the Delapetas were

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Soviet peace activist druggedMOSCOW - One of the founders ofMoscow's only independent disarmament group is being administereddepressant drugs against his will in thepsychiatric hospital where he is beingheld, reported the Associated Press.Sergei Batovrin, a 25-year-old artist,was arrested August 6 at the home ofanother member of the independentpeace group.According to his wife, Natasha, Mr.Batovrin was being given pills fourtimes a day and had been threatenedwith electric shock treatments if he didnot take the medication.She said she had spent four hourswith her husband in Hospital No. 14and that he seemed very tired and

subdued after swallowing the tablets.Mr. Batovin isone of 11 activists whoannounced the formation of the groupat a press conference of June 6. Sh ortlyafter, Soviet authorities rounded upgroup members, warning them to stoptheir activities. By July 6, two o f U sfounders, including Mr. Batovrin, wereunder virtual hou se arrest, while otherswere being threatened with detention.Although Soviet propaganda hasgiven strong backing to peace groups inthe West, and the official Soviet Committee for the Defense of Peace recentlyhosted a anti-nuclear delegation fromScandinavia, all efforts to press disarmament independently have beenquickly and ruthlessly suppressed.

Bapt is t l eader fears for h is l i fe ;fam i ly d en ied v is i ting pr iv i leg esELKHART, Ind. - A recent letterfrom imprisoned Baptist activist PyotrRumachik to his family indicates thathe does not expect to live out hissentence in a Soviet labor cam p, reported the International Representation forthe Counci l of Evangelical Baptist

Churches of the Soviet Union, Inc.,based hw!Mr. Rumachik, vice president of theCouncil of Evangelical Baptist Churches,is currently serving a five-year labor-camp term. He was arrested on August5, 1980.Although his correspondence fromthe camp has been delayed or does notget through at all, he did manage tosecret a letter to his family inwhich helaments the loss of visiting privilegesimposed recently by camp officials."They have taken away my two shortvisits (lasting a few hours) and one lon gvisit (lasting two or three days)," hewrote.At the end of the letter, be intimatedthat he may be ill or suffering abuse at'the hands of his jailers, a s be referred tothe possibility of imminent death."In closing I ask that you pray for meuntil our next meeting which, itseems,will no doubt be in heaven," he said.He compared his fate to that of NikolaiKhmara, a religious activist who wastortured and killed by prison officialsafter his trial in January 1964. He was

Pyotr Rumachikreportedly scalded with hot irons in anattempt by the prison ad ministration toget him to renounce his beliefs.Mr. Rumachik was previously imprisoned for 11 years for his activeparticipation with the Baptist group.Last summer, he was the subject ofseveral scathing attacks in Trod, thenewspaper of official Soviet tradeunions, which called h im, among otherthings, "an experienced, unscrupulousopponent of Soviet law."

Ogorodnikov: solifary confinementZUR ICH, Switzerland - A RussianOrthodox youth leader imprisoned for"anti-Soviet activities" has spent much

of the first three years of his sentence inisolation, a letter secretly taken out ofthe Soviet Union reveals.Alexander Ogorodnikov was sentenced on September 9, 1980 sentencedto six years' imprisonment and fiveyears in internal exile.In a letter addressed to hisp a r e n t s , the f o r m e r s e m i n a rian said he was placed in isolated cellsfor 176 days in the first three years.During much of that time he attemptedto conduct a number of hunger strikes.Mr. Ogorodnikov told his parents hehad fasted a total of 460 d ays to protestthe denial of basic human rights forprisoners, reported East/West News.Mr. Ogorodnikov has suffered because of these protests. In the letter hereports repeated mistreatment by guardswho deny the availability of medicaltreatment. He has lost nine teeth; fourothers are damaged.Religious rights have also been de

nied. Mr. Ogorodnikov says guards willnot permit him to have a Bible in hiscell. He w as also denied the services of aminister to perform a marriage ceremony when hisfianceecame to the camp.At one point, the KGB approachedMr. Ogorodnikov with a statement ,ofconfession, which he refused to sign.T he officers had come while he was inan isolation cell."The conditions here (in isolation)are worse than in prison," Mr. Ogorodnikov says. "We get only minimalnourishment."In October 1981 Mr. Ogorodnikovannounced a hunger strike, demandinghe get his Bible and prayer book back.Guards have since force-fed him. Healso says the doctor supplied by theprison does not examine him, but onlyrepeatedly asks that the hunger strikesbe ended.It is not known ifMr. Ogorodnikov hascontinued any semblance of a hungerstrike into July. But his past recordshows repeated fasts throughout hisfirst three years im prisonment.

U k r a i n i a n W e e lc lFOUNDED 1933

Ukrainian weekly newspaper published by the Ukrainian National Associat ion Inc., a f raternalnon-prof it associat ion, at 30 Montgomery St , Jersey City, N J. 07302

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N o . 33 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY

B r e z h n e v , S o v i e t g e n e r a l s a t o d d s o v e r d i s a r m a m e n tMOSCOW - Although SovietPresident Leonid Brezhnev has recently tried hard to gain a reputationas a peacemaker, President RonaldReagan has consistently outpacedhim in concrete proposals on limiting nuclear arms, and one reasonmay be that the aging Sov iet leader isfacing resistance from the Soviet

military establishment.For example , Mr . Brezhnev' slatest disarmament offer does not goas far as many Western expertsthought it might, and does little toback up Mr. Brezhnev's earlier promise that the Soviets would.not bethe first to use nuclear weapons. TheUnited States has proposed, in theSTART negotiations, the scrappingof all but 850 American and 830So viet lon g-range missiles. The Sovietleader's coun ter-offer would' leaveeach side with 1,800 long-rangemissiles and b om bers, that total beingmostly missiles. And even that cutwould take place only i f NATOscrapped its plan to deploy so me newmedium-range missiles in Europe toright the nuclear imbalance there.

Although Mr. Brezhnev probablyhas some genuine problems w ith theAmerican proposal, The Economistrecently reported that he may behaving more trouble w ith his generalsover the need to pare down Soviet'nuclear capabilities.A hint o f this, conflict appearedrecently in the July 12 issue ofPravda. Barely three weeks after Mr.Brezhnev's message to the UnitedNations pledging no f irst use ofnuclear weapons by the USSR, hisdefense minister, Marshal DmitriUstinov, took a whole page in Pravdato explain why no first use would not

really mean no first use if the SovietUnion found itself with its backagainst the wall.Although Mr. Ustinov is a civilianbureaucrat despite his military title,his job is to keep the interests of themilitary establishment and the Communist Party on an even plane. Yetthe timing of his article, and the factthat it took some of the luster awayfrom Mr. Brezhnev's proposal, seemsto indicate that the Soviet military'stop brass may be disgruntled by theKremlin's disarmament initiatives.Ripples of mil i tary discontenthave broken the apparent unity ofSoviet defense policy before. In 1974some senior military men were unhappy about the Vladivostok accordbetween M r. Brezhnev and PresidentGerald Fo rd, which set guidelines forthe abortive Salt II treaty. Specifically, they did no t m uch like the factthat it clamped equal ceilings on bothSoviet and American missies, whereas under Salt I the Soviets had beenallowed to stay ahead of the United

States. N or were they happy that SaltII failed to count either Americanforward-based nuclear weapons inEurope or the British and Frenchnuclear forces.The fact that Mr. Ustinov said jnPravda that this time these weaponswill be countered must be good newsto Soviet generals. But in a bookrecently published in the USSR, thechief of the Soviet general staff,Marshal Nikolai Orgakov, criticizedwhat he called the USSR's "defensive" strategy before World War II,and went on to argue for new andmore powerful weapons now. ButMarshal Ustinov insists in his Pravdastory that the So viet Union 's nuclear

strategy is defensive implying thatnew weapons are no t needed quite sourgently as Marshal Orgakov suggests.Although the rift may appearminor, quite often apparently smalldifferences in the usually uniformSoviet line should be read as majorones. American experts suggest thatdefense currently takes a 14 to 16percent chunk of the Soviet's grossnational product. Mr. Brezhnev andhis allies are looking for ways toprune the total budget . Clearly,Marshal Orgakov's is an attempt toprotect the military budget.Another factor in the split has todo with the Soviet weapons system.It is getting old, and the governmentnow must decide on the next generation of missies. Their decision wou ldbe easier, experts agree, if a set ofarms-control agreements were set. Itwould also be cheaper if missiles werecut back on both sides. But, asMarshal Orgakov points out, decisions on new weapons take 10 to 12years to bear fruit, and he wantsthose decisions made immediately.Tied in with the years involved tomake such a decision is the factor ofMr. Brezhnev's age and failing health.Until his successor is safely installedin the Kremlin, there are those in theSoviet hierarchy who would like toforestall any arms agreement withthe United States. If Marshal Orgakov has his way, arms control andcuts in the defense budget w ill be lowon the list of Soviet p riorities. As TheEconomist put it, unless Mr. Brezhnevcan convince the generals to workwith him, not against him, his peacemaking chance could pass him by.

Metropolitan Mstyslav visits ODUMcamp

Metropolitan M styslav of the U krainian Orthodox Church in the U .SAvisiting participants of the 16th 0 DU M counselor 's camp h ere duringthe ope ning day ceremonies on Saturda y, July 3. During h is stay, thehierarch invited the camp ers to visit him in South Bound Brook, N.J.,at th e Ukrainian Orthodox Center, a ll expenses paid. Th e camperstook him u p on his offer, and on Friday, July 9 , they travelled by bus

from th e Kiev grounds, in Accord, N.Y., to South Bound Brookwhere, with th e metropolitan as their tour guide, they were ab le toview S t Andrew's Memorial Church an d Cemetery, th e museum,archives, S t Sophia Seminary and Library a n d the Home of UkrainianCulture. Pictured to the right of Metropolitan Mstyslav is the Rev.Protopresbyter Stephen Bilak, head of the Consistory of the

Ukrainian Orthodox Church and a UNA auditor.

Offic ial test i f ies onSoviet violations ofweapons ba nWASHINGTO N - In a July 13address to a House subcommittee, RearAdm. Jonathan T. Howe, director ofthe Bureau of Politico-Military Affairs,accused the Soviet Union of using

chemical and toxin weapons in Afghanistan and Southeast Asia, and saidthat the Soviets are the greatest obstacleto an effective treaty banning suchweapons.Testifying before the House Subcommittee on International Security andScientific Affairs, Rear Adm. Howesaid that the Soviets are continuing "tostrengthen their military chemicalwarfare capability'' and have used theweapons in direct violation of a host ofinternational agreements.The Geneva Protocol of 1925 prohibits the use of asphyxiating, po isonous,or other gases and of b iological methodsof warfare Although the treaty only

bans the use of chemical weapons andnot their possession, the 1972 BiologicalWeapons Convention prohibits themanufacture and storage of such weap o n s .Rear Adm. Howe said that the aim ofthe United States is "the achievement ofa new, multilateral treaty that banschemical weapons altogether and requires effective verification and compliance."But he added: "The critical obstacleto forward movement has been Sovietintransigence on verification and compliance issues."Since U.S.-Soviet nego tiations on thesubject lapsed in a deadlock in mid-

1980, Rear Adm. Howe indicated thatthe United States is now focusing itsattention on the U.N. Committee onDisarmament meetings in Geneva,whose role it is to develop multilateralarms-control agreements."We have conducted thi s arms-control effort against a background ofunilateral restraint," Rear Adm. Howetold the subcommittee. "Since 1969, wehave not manufactured any lethal orincapacitat ing chemical weapo ns .Successive U.S. administrations haverepeatedly assured that we will neverinitiate chemical w arfare."He said that despite "overwhelmingevidence" of Soviet use of chemical

agents against Afghan freedom fightersand by their allies, the Vietnamese,against the Montagnard tribesmen, theKremlin continues to deny violations ofchemical warfare treaties.Because of these Soviet assertions,said Rear Adm. Howe, the UnitedStates has not resumed bilateral discussions."Should the Soviets demonstrate awillingness to accept genuinely effectiveverification and compliance arrangements, and should they demonstrate awillingness to abide by existing international obligations' on chemical, biological and toxin weapons, the prospectsfor serious bilateral work would beenhanced," he said.Rear Adm. Howe concluded histest imony by saying that unti l aneffective treaty can be drafted andratified, the United States and theWestern allies must modernize andmaintain "an adequate chemical warfare deterrent posture" to counter theSoviet threat."Our objective is to have the safest,smallest level of chemical munitionsthat provides the deterrent we need," hesaid.


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T H E U K R A IN IA N W E E K L Y S U N D A Y. A U G U S T 1 5 9

S o v i e t c r u d e n e s s c a n n o t m a r s u c c e s so f U k r a i n i a n m u s i c t e s t i n C z e c h o s l o v a k i a

SVYD N YK, Czechoslovakia -For 28 years now Ukrainian musicians from this area and other partsof the country have been gatheringhere to take part in the SvydnykUkrainian folk m usic festival, whichwas held recently.Alon g wi th such pro fe s s i onalgroups as Duklia from Priashev anda choir from Svydnyk, the festivalattracted a host of individual musicians and talented amateur performers. Also ta king part was aSlovak folk group, and a Hungariangroup from Czechoslovakia.

In addit ion teethe music , thefestival had a propaganda aspect,unavoidable in a communist country. So the first day of the programwas held under the slogan: "Forpeace and a happy life." There werealso wreath-laying ceremonies at thetombs o f Czech and Soviet war dead.But perhaps the most tactless andheavy-handed propaganda ploy wasoffered by a visiting delegation fromthe Soviet Union. Every year, organizers of the festival invite amusical group from Soviet Ukraineto perform. This year, organizersexpected a group from the Transcar-pathian region.Instead, the Soviets sent musical

groups from Siberia and Buryat, anautono mou s Soviet republic north ofMongolia. To add to the insult, thegroups performed in Russian andsang songs glorifying Russia and theSoviet Union.Anna Antonenko, a young womanrepresenting the Soviet delegation,did not even have a prepared statement or greeting.But despite the crudeness of theSoviet d elegation, the festival w as asuccess. On the first evening, therewas an entertainment program anddance for young people under themo tto: "Melodies of th e Carpathians."The entire program was in Ukrainian, and all official greetings werealso made in Ukrainian. The festivalprograms were printed in Ukrainianand Slovakian.In addition, some individual per

formances were in Ukrainian dialects, such a s the local Lemko dialect.Other performances were in Hungarian and Slovak.The festival is an important eventfor promoting the culture of theUkrainian minority in Czechoslovakia, estimated at 60,000. Part ofthe festival program is televisedthroughout Czechoslovakia.

Stuban wins nomination

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New Olenska-Petryshyn exhibitdraws praise from N.J. critic

"California Garden" (62 x52, oil) by Arcadia O lenska-Petryshyn.TRE N TON , N .J . - The currentexhibit of 16 oils by artist ArcadiaOlenska-Petryshyn at the New Jersey

State M useum here has gotten a favorable review from Eileen Wat kins writing 'in the August 8 issue of The Star-Ledger.The review, under the headline "U-krainian native's oils demonstratemarked affinity for colorful cacti,"praises the artist for the "highly decorative quality" of h er work, w hich for thisexhibit depicts various forms of flora,most notably cacti."Olenska-Petryshyn's painting styleis nearly flat, achieving a sense of d epthmainly through her skillful graduationsof color," writes Ms. Watkins. "Hercolors also contribute to the generalsense of lushness in her gardens. Whilemost of us picture cacti as dull, grayishthings, this artist sees them in a range ofbrilliant g reens, as well as in blue, pinkand lavender . Occas ional red and

yellow blossoms add further punch toher compositions."But despite the inviting visage of thecolorful cacti, their very form denotes aforbidding aspect. Writes Ms. Watkins:"At the same time, the patterns ofinsidious needles on the cactus lobeswarn us to keep our distance. Worksthat focus on other types of plant life,such as honeysuckles and birches, usetangled vines or bare, twisted treebranches to relay the same message."

M s. Watkins also praises the artist'scomposition and the dynamism of herwork: "The plants have such a dynamicquality that, in some compositions, theyseem to climb up the sides or spill overthe edges of the canvas."M s. Olenska-Petryshyn's show willhang at the museum until August 22,and black-and-white etchings by theartist are currently on exhibit at theNabisco Gallery in East Hanover, N.J.

No minee Frank Stuban (far right) being congratulated by (from left): State Sea .Eugene A. Skowro nskl; Bishop Basil Lost en of Stamford; Judge Joan n KlleyKulawiz; and Orest Dubno, tax commissioner.AN SON IA, Conn. - Frank Stuban,a community activist in this area, hasrecently captured the Demo cratic nom ination for th e 105th H ouse District seat.Mr. Stuban, a laborer, won the bidover Frederick D. Stanek, a lawyer, by a5 to 4 margin. Mr. Stuban was nominated by delegate Paul Pawlak of

Seymour, C onn ., who described him as"the right candidate to represent theworking men and women of the state."The nomination was seconded by An-sonia Mayor James J. Finnucan.He will face incumbent State Rep.Warren G. Sarasin. (R) in November.After M r. Stuban received the Dem ocratic nom ination, he thanked hissupporters and called for unity withinthe party. He told the party convention:"I want to do something for America.This country has don e so much for me."Mr. Stuban arrived in the United

States 30 years ago from Ukraine. Forthe past 2 3 years, h e h a s worked at LordCorporation of Shelton, Conn.He and his wife, Helen, have threechildren Steven, 23, a graduate ofWest Point who is now a first lieutenantin the Army; Susan, 21, a graduate ofthe Merchant Marine Academy, andLydia, 20, a sophomore at West Point.Mr. Stuban was born on December2 0 , 1 9 2 2 in Berezok, Ukraine, the son ofMaksym and Maria (nee Pikulicka)Stuban.Aside from a long interest in politics,Mr. Stuban, a graduate of the BerlitzSchool of Choreography in England(1951-52), maintains an avid interest inUkrainian dance. He organized andchoreographed several ensembles overthe years.

U n i v e r s i t y o f M a n i t o b a a n n o u n c e s1 9 8 1 - 8 2 s t u d e n t a c h i e v e m e n t a w a r d s

WIN N IPEG - The Department ofSlavic Studies at the University ofManitoba recently anno unced that thefollowing students have merited themselves awards for having obtained highstanding in courses that they tookduring the 1981-82 academic year:Anna Plehova, William Fedorus Scholarship (S250); Alexandra Pawlowska,M. I. Mandryka Scholarship (S200),Natalie Schur, Ukrainian ProfessionalA Business Club of Winnipeg Inc . ,(S150); Shirley Yakimchuk, "Prosvita" "Reading Association Memorial Prize(S150); Stephanie Lutyj, Ratuski Memorial Prize (S150); Ann Mycnajlyszyn,Antoni and' Helen Rudan MemorialBursary (SI00) and S50from he "Pros-vita" Reading Association MemorialPrize.

In addition, Olga Kandia,. won theAnastasia Sawula Prize (S100) and S50from the Ratuski Memorial Prize .Maria Semegen won the Wasyl Swy-stun Prize in Ukrainian Studies (S100);Larysa Rozumna, the Ukrainian National Association of America Prize(S150); J . Prokop owich, UkrainianNational Association of America Prize(S100) and S50 from the UkrainianProfessional A Business Club of Winnipeg Inc.Dolores Gatherum w a s awarded S150from the Ukrainian Profess ional ABusiness Club of Winnipeg Inc., whileDanny Mark Lee, won SI50 from thesame group.Orysia Zenchuk received S150 fromthe Women's Association of CanadaLeague for the Liberation of Ukraine.


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N o . 33 T H E U K R A I N I A N WEEKLY S U N D A Y . AUGUST 15. 198 2 5

Pro fil e : W a l t e r H awry lakUNA Supreme Advisor

Walter Hawrylak was born in 1913in the vi l lage of Danilche in thecounty of Rohatyn in Ukraine. InAugust of 1939 he came to Rochester,N. Y., and immediately became activein the Ukrainian Civic Center and theRochester Ukrainian community.He took an active part in the Defenseof Ukraine organizat ion, the M.Drahomaniw Society and variouscultural and dramatic groups.

Mr. Hawrylak officially became amember of the Ukrainian CivicCenter in 1941, and since then he hasbeen one o f the most active membersand officers of the organ ization. Hehas been an officer for 34 years,holding the office of financial secretary, comptroller, and from 19S7until the present, he is secretary o f thebranch. 'As secretary of Branch 316, Mr.Hawrylak organized m any membersto the U .N .A. He belonged through 12

years to the UNA Champion Club,which was established in 1961 tohonor UNAers who bring in 25 ormore new members into the UNAfo'd during one year.He has taken part in every UNAcon vent io n s ince 1958, and hasserved on the election and by-lawcommittees for the conventions.Through his efforts and dedicationin gathering all historic informationabout the Ukrainian Civic Centerand the Rochester Ukrainian community, the Ukrainian Civic Center

Walter Hawrylakpublished, in 1970, its history "FreeCossack Society."Mr. Hawrylak was also a regularcontr ibutor t o Ukrainian newspapers and periodicals on the variousactivities and events of the organization.In addition, he was the secretary ofthe Rochester UNA District Committee and has held this positionfrom I960 to 1979. At the presenttime he has taken over the duties ofpresident of the above-named committee. Mr. Hawrylak is also co-founder of the Ukrainian FederalCredit Union in Rochester. Since1953, he has been the manger of thecredit union.

Nahirny, Matkiwsky take doubles'at Soyuzivka tennis tournamentKERHON KSON , N.Y. - Fifteen-year-old Danny Nahirny and ErikMatkiwsky, 13, won the men's doublestournament held here at the UNAresort, Soyuzivka, o n August 7-8. Bothplayers are nationally ranked in theirage groups, and they are the youngest

pair to win a do ubles title in the historyof tournament tennis at Soyuzivka.In the semi-finals, the pair eliminatedlast year's champions, Zenon Snylykand George Sawchak, 6-0, '3-6, 6-2.They needed only tw o sets to win thefinals, beating Kornylo Czomy andSteve Fedo rowsky, 6-0, 6-2. The losershad reached the finals by gaining a -set victory over George Petry-kewych and George Wytanowych, 4-6,6-0,6-2This year eight pairs-competed in theman's division.In the consolation round, the pair of' Alex Popovych and Wolodymyr Ro-

howsky defeated George Hrabec and Hron, 7-5 , 6-7 , 6-0 .Mr. N ahirny was a double winner this

G a l o n z k a n a m e d a s s i s t a n t c h a n c e l l o r

The Rev. Taras GalonzkaSTAM FORD , Conn. - The Rev.Taras Galonzka has recently beenappointed assistant chancellor of theUkrainian Catholic Diocese of Stamford by Bishop Basil Losten, reportedThe New Star, a Ukrainian Catholicweekly.

The R ev. Galonzka will continue hisduties as chancery secretary and archi-^ vist, a post he has held since September4 1979. In his new capacity, he willcontinue to assist the chancellor, Msgr.Peter Skrincosky.A native of Boston, the Rev. Galonzka was ordained in 1978 by BishopLosten at the Assumption Pilgrimagein Sloatsburg, N.Y.The son of Dmytro and Yaroslawa(nee Nakonechna) Galonzka, he was aparishioner of Christ the King Churchin Bo ston at the time he entered St. BasilPrep Schoo l and Seminary in StamfordHe graduated from the college seminaryin 1975.He received his priestly training at St :Josaphat's Seminary in Washingtonand the Po ntifical Ukrainian College ofSt. Josaphat in Rome. He completed hisstudies at the Pontifical University ofSt Thomas Aquinas, earning an S.T-B.degree in 1978.The Rev. Galonzka also holds amaster's degree in pastoral theology.

ObituaryMichaelGudzik, UNA activist

WE STPO RT, Conn. - Michae lGudzik, a member of the UNA since1927, died here in Norwalk Hospital onJuly 20. He was 87.Born in Ukraine, Mr. Gudzik was theson of John and Mary (nee Wanat)Gudzik. He had been a Westport resident for 7 2 years.Active in co mmun ity life, he was thefounder of the Ukrainian AmericanClub of Southport and was the pastpresident of the Ukrainian Sick BenefitSociety. He was also a member of theGreens Farms Volunteer Fire Co., the55-Year Club of the Aluminum Company of A merica, and the 01d-Fashion-

ed Farms Fair for the N ewingtonChildren's Hospital. ^ .Mr. Gudzik was a member of UNABranch 84 in-SouthportIn addition to his wife, KatherineMarushak Gudzik, he is survived by on eson, John of Westport; two daughters,Rozan Westlud of West Haven andMary Kowalski of Greens Farms; eightgrandchildren, and three great-grandchildren.Services were held at the LewisFuneral Home and in the AssumptionChurch. Interment was in WillowbrookCemetery.

year, as he teamed with Olenka Mat-wisky to win the mixed doubles crown.They defeated the pair of Mr. Matkiwsky and Leda Sawchak, 6-2, 6-1. Thirdplace went to Ksenia Kyzyk and Mr.Popovych, who beat Marta Popovychand Mr. Hrabec in a pro-set.Brothers Marko and Ihor Nadbe-rezny beat Roman Kruchowy andRoman Cikalo in the boy's division.The tournament, which was sponsored by the Carpathian Ski Club, wascoordinated by a com mittee co nsistingof Roman Rakoczy, ST. , and Messrs.Snylyk, Sawchak and Petrykewych.Presenting the awards to the winnerswere UNA advisors Taras Szmagala,Taras Maksymowich and Walter Kwas,retired Soyuzivka manager. The currentmanager, George Prokopec, also tookpart in the presentations.The next scheduled tournament at

Soyuzivka is the USCAK nationalfinals, which will take place during theLabor Day weekend.

Doubles winners (from right) Erik Matkiwsky and Danny Nahirny with runners-up Kornylo Czomy and Steve Fedorowsky.

P inalists in the mixed do ubles com petition.


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T H E U K R A I N IA N W E E K L Y S U N D A Y , A U G U S T 15, 1982 No. 33

U k r a i n i a n W e e k lyA v o i c e w i t h o u t a h e a d

W he n P r e s i de nt R o na l d R e agan ann oun c e d l a s t ye ar , w i t hconsiderab le fanfare, that his adm inistration had decided to plunkdown S81 million to increase the transmission range of Voice ofAmerica, it appeared that the United States was preparing to seriously'challenge the Soviets on the propaganda and information front. Inaddit ion to beef ing up the VO A, Mr. Reagan prom ised to bolster, bothfinancially and politically, a badly disorganized and scandal-riddenRadio Free Europe/ Radio Liberty, which columnist Jack And ersonand others accused of , among other things , broadcas t ing ant i -American material in its Russian-language sector.

Well , the U .S. Con gress has agreed to put up the money to improvethe facilities and transmitters to counteract So viet jam min g, and theReagan administration continues to say that the stations will have aprominent role in the ideological war of words between this countryand the U SS R. But despite al l this , we have to wond er just howe f f e c t ive t he V o i c e o f A m e r i c a c an be w i t hou t a c apab l e andcommitted leader.For the third time during Mr. Reagan's administration, the VOA is

temporarily without a director. John Hugh es, much touted at the t imeof his appointment five months ago, has been picked by Secretary ofState G eorge Shultz to be assistant secretary of state for public affairs.Mr. Hughes, a Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter and former editor ofthe Christian Science Monitor, although eminently qualified, wasessentially a holding pattern.His predecessors seem to have had their problems. James C onkling,who preceded Mr . Hughes , pres ided over a di sas ter area. Phi lNicolaides, during his brief tenure at the VOA, saw the station beingthe "primary psycho logical arm in a global struggle against a po werful,determined , implaca ble foe." He added that the United States has beenin a "protracted conflict w ith the Sov iet empire since the end of WorldWar II."For these sentiments, ones we are sure are shared by the president,Mr. Nico laides lost his jo b after many to p VO A staffers, along with theWashington Post , accused him of being, in a sense , a Cold War

r e ac t i onar y he l l - be nt on c hang i ng the s upp os e d h i gh- m i n de djournalistic "objectivity" of the broadcasts into anti-Red rantings. Butwhat Mr. Nicolaides and Mr. Conkling saw was that the so-called"object ivity" pract iced by the stat ion's entrenched bureaucracyengendered such things as stories about policemen in America's urbanareas waging a racist war against blacks, and stories that harped onAmerica's social and political decay in terms reminiscent of theAmerican radicals in the 1960s.Although the Reagan administrat ion has insisted t ime and t imeagain that all this will chan ge, it hasn't. T he sad fact is that for a yearand a half the potential of the Voice of Am erica has been all but unusedby the Reagan administrat ion.Clearly, a sure sign of this neglect is the constant shuttling ofdirectors, a practice that does not lend itself to stability and a clearformulation of purpose. T hrowing hundreds of mil l ions of dol lars atVOA and RF E/ RL and h oping for the best is not the answer. Mr.

Reagan must appoint a director who w il l s tay long enoug h to make theVoice of America the kind of station the president presumably wants,and we desperately need.

N e w s a n d v i e w sW i l l t h e R e d A r m y t a k e o v e r t h e U S S R ?

L e t t e r t o t h e e d i t o rResolve the "the" Ukraine IssueDear Editor:T he text of the address delivered byDr. Sevcenko at the 25th anniversarycelebration of the Ukrainian StudiesFund (T he Weekly, August 1,1982) is ofgreat interest to Media Action Coalit ion. Dr. Sevcenko covered severalimportant points which are of mutualconcern. Of particular interest were thecomments concerning the need tochange the 250-year-old erroneousperceptions of Ukraine and Ukrainians,as well as the difficulty to dispel theseperceptions.It is ironic to no te the editorial policystatement by T he Ukrainian Weeklywhich was necessitated by Dr. Sev-cenko's use of the article "the'' beforereferences to Ukraine. It becomes quite

clear that Dr. Sevcenko is correct inhis assertion that perceptions of Ukrainewill not be changed easily. Especially, ifmany of our prominent scholars andacademic institutions such as the Ukrainian Institute at Harvard continue toreinforce the com mon ly held practice ofplacing the article "the" before Ukraine.T his issue needs to be brought outinto the open, discussed and thenresolved once and for all. Is this practice, itself, the result of erroneousperceptions of Ukraine or a grammatical necessity? T he resolution of thisissue will benefit not only the Ukrainiancommunity as a whole but our academiccommunity as well.

Roman ZabihachMedia Action Coalition

NEW YORK - Economic stagnation, a declining birthrate among non-Russians, social discontent and acollapse of the Communist ideologycould force the Red Army to seizepower in the USSR, according to anarticle by L.S. Gann and M.S. Bern-sum in the National Review.Mr. Gann, a historian, is a seniorfellow at the Hoo ver Institution" atStanford University, while Mr. Bern-stam, a historical demographer, is avisiting scholar there.According to their analysis the SovietUnion is laboring under a host of whatKarl Marx would have called "irresolvable contradictions" which couldultimately lead to an unraveling of thesocial and political structure."The Soviet Union," they write, liassuffered a series of self-inflicted demographic disasters on an immense scale:the civil war, the liquidation of w orkersand peasants opposed to the Sovietregime, forced industrialization, thecollectivization of agriculature, thepurges, Gulag, the impact of successiveman-made famines ( 1918-20, 1921 -1922, 1924-1925,1932-1934,1946-1948)- all took an enormous toll of lives."Other factors contributing to new"self-inflicted demographic disasters"cited by the authors are a rise in themortality rate, particularly among menbetween the ages of 25 and 45, a drop inlife expectancy due, some experts feel,to the rise in alcoholism am ong men andwomen, and decline in fertility, especially among the non-Muslim population."Such populat ion growth as hastaken place derives from the still highfertility rate of young Muslim women in

Central Asia and T ranscaucasia; Russians, Byelorussians, Ukrainians, Latvians and Estonians are all in demographic decline," say the authors.Ironically, part of the problem is thatcontraceptives are hardly used in theSoviet Union. The authors estimate thatthe average Soviet woman uses abortion as means to avoid giving birth,averaging 9.6 ab ortions a lifetime. (Thisfigure does not apply to most M uslimwomen.)T he effect of numerous abortionsgreatly increases the instances of spontaneous miscarriage. In addition, repeated surgical abortions have left astriking num ber of Soviet w omen sterileby the age of 35, the authors note."Between the rising mortality rateand the declining fertility rate, it isprojected that during the next severaldecades the western part of the SovietUnion will suffer an ever-increasingshortage of young men and women towork on the farms and in the factories,especially in the Russian Federal Republic, which accounts for 60 percent ofthe Soviet Union's gross national product," say the authors.The new nationalism

In conjunction with these alarmingsocial and demographic trends, theauthors view nationalist movements inthe USSR and the East Europeansatellites as "the likeliest agent ofchange.""The new nationalists differ fromtheir predecessors in certain importantrespects," say the authors. "They havebecome less chauvinistic than theirforbears, because they understand thatl iberat ion can come only throughcommon effort."T he common enemy; as the authorssee it, is the Communist system, Which

most ethnic groups in the U SSR equatewith threatening their survival in dem ographic terms. The a uthors feel thatonly the Musl ims hope to modifysocialism while preserving its foundations, while the East Europeans, Baits,Ukrainians and Great Russians areinclined to be pro-Western.Not only is nationalism a powerfulforce of change among the smallerethnic minorities, but also among theRussians. Here, the authors differ frommany of their colleagues and Sovietologists, who feel that traditional Russianxenophobia and chauvinism will makethem rally around their Communistleaders in the event of a nationalemergency or war.Although no great opposition to theCommunist regime has been forthcoming, the authors argue that, in somerespects, the Russians have suffered themost from the Communist experiment.A low standard of living compared toother Soviet republics, mass alcoholism, poor diet and malnutrition, thelowest fertility rate in the USSR andone of the highest mortality rates allcharacterize the reality of life foraverage Russians under the Communists.

Chinks in the armorDespite these disturbing trends, whyshould the Communist rulers pot beable to cope at a time when theirmilitary might seems to exceed that ofany other country, the authors ask.After all, the USSR has survived catastrophic economic failures, civil war,power struggles and Stalin.Because, the authors assert, there

looms in the Soviet Union a crisis ofleadership, ideology and belief. T heRomantic idealism inherent in post-revolutionary times, the deep sense ofcommitment to a credo and a cause,have given way to cynicism, careerism,opportunism and a glaring disparitybetween the average Soviet worker andthe ruling privilegentsia.Messrs. Gann and Bernstam estimatethat a full two-thirds of the 17 millionmembers of the Comm unist Part joined,not out of a sense of a deep, ideologicalcommitment, but as a means to a betterchance for job advancement, superioreducational opportun it ies for thechildren, etc."The remainder perhaps six millionin all are genuine Comm unists," saythe authors. "Even this remnant, however, has ideological problems theold fervor is long go ne; 'careerism' and'opportunism,' the Communists tell us,are on the rise."T he privilegentsia, then, exercises itsdominance through the triple mechanism of the party, the KGB and thearmy, each of which has its own specialweaknesses.T he party weaknesses are more apparent, but the KGB likewise has itsfaults."It is distrusted bo th by the military,which prefers to rely on its own intelligence services, and by the party, which

fears the KGB as a potential co mpetitor," according to the authors.In addition, the KGB is, in manyways, "an unwieldy bureaucratic monster devoid of flexibility."Given all these social and politicalfactors, the authors forsee the possibility that the Communist Party in theSoviet Union, which never had a trulypopular base of support, could fragment, not unlike its counterpart in(Cont inued on page 10)


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33 T H E U K R A I N IA N W E E K L Y S U N D A Y . A U G U S T 1 5 . 1 9 8 2 7PnrtV

Jewish-Ukrainian relatio ns: JewishperspectiveIt is significant that the JewishEncyclopaedia does not have a separateentry for Ukraine. T he discussion ofJewish history which is located in theregion of Ukraine occurs in the Encyclopaedia under Russia, Poland, orAustria-Hungary. It would appear thatthe notion of a distinctive Ukrainian

culture or Ukrainian nation state isabsent from those who compiled theJewish Encyclopaedia.T hi s observat ion may very we llbetray a most important feature in ourefforts to approach the question ofJewish-Ukrainian relations. F o r it is theauthority, of the encyclopaedia itselfwhich drives one to conceive of Jewishhistory in the Ukrainian region not as adistinctive, separate and identifiablehistory, but rather as a part of a largerhistory, namely Polish or Russianhistory.T his portrait of Jewish history isconfirmed by many sources includingMoses A. Shulvass in his book "JewishCulture in Eastern Eu rope: The Classical Period." Shulvass argues that thereare two historical periods of Jewishpresence in the region called Ukraine.T hefirstperiod runs from th e first centuryA . D . until the 1 3 th century A.D . As wehave discovered earlier, these wereJewish settlements in the Crimea andthe Black Sea area very early on . Underthe influence of the Khazar people andtheir conversion to Judaism in theeighth century, Jewish settlementsflourished and influence expanded. "Itseems that southern Ukraine's Jewishpopulation together with the remnantsof the Jewish Khazarians, were obliterated by the terrible invasions of theT atars during the first half of the 13thcentury. In the decades following theT atar invasions no Jewish settlementsare know n to have existed in Ukraine."61T he second significant period ofJewish history in Ukraine coincideswith the extension of Polish rule inUkraine. T he Jewish perspective on thecharacter and quality of Jewish life inhistoric Poland on the whole is verypositive. By the end of the 14th centurythe Polish Kingdom extended from theBaltic to the Black seas. Poland was amajor trading force and a major supplier of agricultural products to WesternEurope.As a result of the crusades, anti-Jewish legislation "and the repeatedblood accusations, followed by bloodypogroms,"'2 there was a mass emigration of Jews from Germany into thePolish Kingdom. And on the wholeJews were able to establish a viable lifein this territory. "In 1264 Duke Bole-slaw of Kalisz granted them ( t h e JewsJ acharter which became the legal foundation for their settlement. T his charter,modeled after a constitution granted theJews a few decades earlier in Austriaand in Bohemia, w as quite favorable tothem. It became the Magna Carte ofMedieval Polish Jewry."B T hese rightswere later on extended to all Jews in thePolish Kingdom by Kasimir the Great(1333-70).Jewish prosperity in the Polish Kingdom is well documented by Dubnowand others. It is interesting to note thatthe size of the Jewish population in thePolish Kingdom is estimated to havebeen between 70,000 and 100,000 in theyear 1 550. In the year 1 648 the population is estimated to have been between300,000 and 500,000 which would havemade it the largest territorial concentration of Jews in the world.Shulvass argues that as Polish d ominance over the Ukrainian area developed in the 16th and 1 7 th centuries, the

Jewish-Ukrainian relations:two so litudesby Peter J. Potichnyj an d Howard Aster

Jews benefited tremendously. "In thethen newly colonized areas of Ukraine,the main occupation of the Jews w a s theforming of to lls and taxes and leasing ofestates. T hey became a well-to-do class.Most o f the Jew ish sections in the citieshad beautiful stone houses; wealthymen built beautiful synagogues, oftendesigned by famous architects . TheJewish section in many cities and townsexpanded considerably in area ... Thegrowth of the Jewish population, itseconomic success and the inf luencewhich Jewish magnates exerted in theroyal court...46 4 best defines the depthof the prosperity of the Jews in thePolish Kingdom.

We have already indicated the manner in which Ukrainians in this verysame period perceived the Jew asappendages to their domination by theforeign Polish nobility. W e c a n s e e fromthe above that there was a clear classand economic division between the Jewand the indigenous Ukrainian population. T here was also a further religiouselement which complicated the relationship between the Ukrainians, the Polesand the Jews.

"Enormous estates and numerousvillages, inhabited by Ukrainian peasants, were in the hands of wealthyPolish magnates, who utilized all therights of feudal lords. T h e peasant-serfs,or khlopi, were alien to their masters,both in religion and nationality. In theeyes of the Catholics, particularly theclergy, the Greek-Orthodox faith wasthe religion of the khlopi. T here was anattempt to uproot it through an improved Church union. The Poles regarded the Russians and Ukrainians asa lowly race, one that was more Asiaticthan European... T he Polish magnatesusually lived at som e distance from theirUkrainian estates; so their possessionswere administered by leasees and bookkeepers. T he village leasees includedmany Jews... Jews acquired leases oninns, on the distilling and sale of liquor,dairies, flower mills, and occasionallyalso on tax farming on behalf of thelanded gentry. Along with the lease theJews inherited from the landed gentrysome of the rights over the serfs. Theleasees endeavored to extract as muchrevenue as possible from the noble-manjs estates, and to do that it wasnecessary to exploit the peasantry."65While the Jew found himself in anenviable and successful economic situat ion in Pol ish-dominated Ukraine,there were the seeds of deep antagonisms in place. T hese antagonismsresulted in perhaps the m ost significantevent in Ukrainian history which had acatastrophic effect on Jewish perception of Ukrainians. Once again Dubnovbest summarizes this:"The contempt on the part of thegentry and the Catholic clergy for theparty of the khlopi and the attempts toCatholocize the Greek Orthodox U-krainians by way of the Church Union,

colored the economic antagonism witha religious hue. T he subjugated pea santry always grumbled angrily; andfrom time to time agrarian disorderserupted in various localities. The U-rainian peasant detested the Polish p a n ,the nob leman, the C atholic, the Pole, thefl iakhj. But he hated even more theJewish leasee - th e gentry's supervisor,the alien, the "un-Christian.' T he Jewthus found himself between th e hammerand the anv il: between the landed gentry

and the khlopi, between the Catholicand the Greek-Orthodox Church, between the Pole and the Ukrainian.T hree classes, three religion s, threenationalities clashed on a foundation inwhose depths volcanic forces lay dormant; and the explosion was inevitable."66T his explosio n occurred in 1648 withthe Khm elnytsky uprising. In the annalsof Jewish history the Khmelnytskyperiod is known as the Great Catastrophe o r a s t h e Gezerah! This period isrecognized as having a status equivalentto the H olocaust of W orld War II. T heJews at that p eriod suffered immensely."When the people went on a rampage,the Jew suffered more than the noblem a n . And it is not the Jewish leaseeswho suffered, but the entire Jewishcommunities, which had no relation tothe leasehold. A new ominous andsinister force the Ukrainian Haida-mak burst forth into Jewish history.It leaves in its wake a deep blood y trace,which can be seen and recognizedduring the course of three centuries."67It is estimated that "Ukrainian Ko-zaks under the leadership of BohdanKhmelnytsky are said t o hav e massacredbetween 100,000 and 250,000 Jews."While these figures are often the subjectof dispute, it is, nevertheless, obviousthat in view of the total estimatedJewish populat ion of that t ime ofbetween 300,000 and 500,000, the scaleof the slaughter was enormous.

T here is no doubt that 1648 is atraumatic date in Jew ish-Ukrainianhistory. We have seen how, quotingDubnov, the Jews found themselvestrapped as third parties and the majorvictims in a Ukrainian-Polish conflict.T here is, how ever, a further significant insight of the way in which Jewishperceptions of Ukrainians were moldedand it is certainly worth explaining. T heJews emigrated into the Ukrainianterritories in the 15th and 16th centuriesas appendages of the Polish K ingdom.We have seen how the Poles viewedUkrainians with contempt and with ahigh degree of disdain. T his sameperception of the Ukrainians as "peasants," "lower Christians," and ingeneral as marginally civilized wastransmitted to the Jews and formed thebasis of their perceptions. T heir view isbest articulated by Shulvass when hestates:"Ukraine was a frontier country, andthe Jews who settled there were truepioneers who brought material andspiritual culture with them. Economicopportunity was virtually unlimited.Constituting the most civilized part ofthe population of this wild and wasteland, they cooperated closely with thePolish landlords who developed thecountry, and were an important factorin the tremendous effort to colonize it.T heir main occupation was in the areaof ma nagement T hey were the leadingfarmers of custom s and other categories

of taxation; they rented distilleries,breweries, inns a nd similar enterprises.And a s the oppo rtunities were great, thewave of Jews going to Ukraine persisteduninterrupted until th e year of the G reatCatastrophe."61What is revealing about this quotation is not the characterization of theJews' economic position in Ukraine there seems to be the consensus amonghistorians both Jewish and Ukrainianson this subject - but rather the por

trait of the Jew as the transmitter andbearer of civilization and "material andspiritual culture" into a "wild andwasteland." T o us this view betrays afundamental p erception o r, in Baconianlanguage, one o f the idols of the theatreand the marketplace which has persisted through the course of four centuriesof Jewish-Ukrainianrelations.How canwe articulate it?Among Jews, and others as well,there is the view that Jews play a uniquerole in world history. It is the Jew who

bears the responsibility of bringingspiritual values and the concerns withculture an d civilization to a world whichat times is overwhelmingly materialistic,anti-intellectual or hedo nistic. T hisconception of the role of the J e w i n aliencultures has deeply affected the way inwhich the Jew relates to and perceivesother cultures. Shulvass's statementsthat the Jews were the carriers ofcivilization to a peasant region, in adeep sense, identifies this historicperception of th e role of the Jew amo ngthe gentiles. T here is a significance,though often not articulated, and truthto Shulvass's statements. Wecangoevenfurther. T he identification o f the Ukrainians as peasants, semi-Asiatics, perhaps even uncivilized has had a profound impact on the way in which theJews perceive Uk rainians. This portraitof the Ukrainians as being one smallstep away from barbarism is a themefound in Yiddish literature.69 It istherefore not surprising to the Jewishmentality that Ukrainians are prone tolapse into a condition of barbarism andto vent their anim osity, frustration andanger against the Jews as the carriers ofcivilization. T his is the reason for somany Jews the name Ukrainian conjures up a fascinating package of images- peasan t, drunkard , barbarian, acreature prone to excess and lackingboth culture and civility, a fierce,threatening figure when h e i s angered orgiven to his passions. T his package ofimages also helps explain why, to theJewish perception, the Ukrainian is thesymbolic embodiment of the authenticanti-Semite. T he reason for this is thatthe authentic anti-Semite is the openenemy of the Jew who acts as thesymbol of spirituality and civilization.

T he historical legacy eman ating fromthe Khmelnytskyera cannot be underestimated in terms of its effect on theJewish perception of the Ukrainian. Inthe Jewish view, the Khmelnytskyuprising has little significance as astruggle for national emancipation. Itssignificance lies in the fact that itportrays the historic and tragic condition of the Jew in a gentile world.

70T helesson to be drawn from this period isthat the Jew, in spite of everything, ends

(Cont inued on paje 15)

62 . Ibid., p. 3.63 . Ibid., p. 4 .64 . Ibid., p. 9.65 . Simon Dubnov, "History of th e Jews:From Cromwell's Commonwealth to theNapoleonic E ra," New York, ThomasYoselaff, 1971, Vol. IV, p. 26.66 . Ibid., pp. 26-27.67 . Ibid., p. 29. S ee also Abraham Berger("Review of T he Fatal Events of 1648,' "Wilno, Yiddish Scientific Institute, 1 938) inJewish Social Studies, April 2, 1940, pp.217-8. T his composite work consists of areport of W. Latzki-Bertoldi's Yiddishtranslation of the famous contemporarychronicle of th e Khmelnytsky revolt, "YewenMetsulah" by Nathan Nata Hanover.68 . M. A. Shulvass, op. cit., p. 10.69 . See for example Edward Alexander,"The Destruction and Resurrection of theJews in the Fiction of I . B . Singer," Judaism,25 , winter 1976, pp. 98-106.70 . See for example M . Agursky, "Ukrainian Nationalism Poses T hreat to JewsAgain," Jerusalem Post, March 7,1977. T heauthor is a prominent scholar and a recentemigrant from the USSR.


8/16

8 THE UKR AINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, AUGUST 1 5 , 1 9 8 2 No. 33

Celebration of Youth at So yuzivka shifts into high gearby Marta Korduba

KER HON KSON , NiY. - The Ukrainian NationalAssociation's Celebration of Youth got its secondwind last weekend as a stream of young artistsgathered to perform before Soyuzivka's audiences.The diversity of the participating artists was evident inthe style and subject matter of their performances.The program varied from Friday evening's classicalpiano and violin performances of the Ukrainian M usicInstitute's exceptional students to, Lidia Hawryluk'sexuberant rendition of a well-chosen repertoire ofcontemporary Ukrainian and American songs. Shewas backed up by musicians Oles and Yurij Furda.Bohdan Andrusyshyn, a 23-year-old New York folksinger, who has entertained audiences throughoutEurope and the East Coast and most recently inCarnegie Hall, sang a selection o f U krainian, Spanishand American folk songs. Also appearing that eveningwas Soyuzivka's house band, composed of vocalistHalya Lewyn and mu sicians Petro Strutynskyj, AndrijBohachewsky, Andrij Sonevytsky and Volodya Krul.Twenty-year old Paul Plishka Jr., who is aspiring tofollow in the footsteps of his reknown father as anopera singer, made his Soyuzivka debut with two ofJohn Jacob N iles' folk songs and "Oy na hori" at

Saturday's August 7 conce rt. Mr. Plishka wasaccompanied by guitarist Tim Murphy.Volodymyr Kurylo brought the works of contemporary Ukrainian poet dissident Zinoviy Krasivsky toSoyuzivka's stage in a moving recitation of his poetryin the original Ukrainian, as well as in Englishtranslation.Anya Dydyk emceed both concerts. After Saturday's program, Chicago's Vodohray orchestra playeda wide variety of music at the dance.Art exhibit

Diversity was once again illustrated in the openingof Sunday's exhibit of 10 Ukrainian and Canadianartists. Their subject matter ranged from icons andhistorical Ukrainian figures rendered by Paul Lo pata,to Larysa Martyniuk's larger-than-life flora andfoliage.The exhibit presented a variety of mediums,including batik pieces by Oksana and Lavro Polon,wearable textile art by Anna Paschak-Denysyk,Roman Rakowsky's woo dcut art, wooden and coppersculptures by Jarema Harabatch and the photographyof George Lencyk.Style ranged from Vaka Pereyma's abstractcharcoal sketches to Bohdan Holowacky's graphicoils.This weekend artists and musicians gather to d iscusswork in their respective fields in a series of paneldiscussions and presentations sponsored by the UN Aas part of the Celebration of Youth Festivities.N ext issue: a report o n the performances by vocalistOles Kuzyszyn and Oksana Tromsa, pianists IrenePelech and Maria Dolnycky, soprano Elena Heimur

accordionist Alex Chudolij and dancers NushaMartynuk and Carter McAdams and the RosaOrchestra.

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One of many sculptures on display. Larysa Martynluk before two of her paintings.


9/16

No . 3 3 THE UKR AINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, AUGUST 1 5 , 1 9 8 2 9

Ukrainian Institute of Am erica benefit to be held at landm arkNE W YORK - When Walter Na-zarewicz, vice president of the Ukrainian Institute of America, called Viraand Robert Goldman and asked themto get involved with the organization, hehad no idea what results the conversation would bring.He knew that the Goldmans weremembers of the institute and that theyhad worked for it in the early 1970s.

Would they be interested in gettinginvolved again, he had asked.The invitation reads: Vira and Ro bertGoldman invite you to a country outingfor the benefit of the Ukrainian Institute of America at their historic 18thcentury landmark hou se in East Hampton, Saturday, September 11,1982,1 to5 p.m . Co cktails, lobster buffet, excitingprogram and special guests.Obviously, the answer to Mr. Nazar e-wicz's quest ion was yes . That oneconversation led to meetings, which ledto the forming of a committee for thisspecial benefit The committee members include Vira and R obert Goldman,Walter and Frances N azare wicz, MariaHonczarenko, secretary of the institute,Andriy Dobriansky, administrator ofthe institute, George Martynuk, vicechairman of the public relations andeducation comm ittees, as well as IreneStecura and Gogo Slupchynsky."I feel that Ukrainian people are sofortunate in hav ing this building, in thislocation, museum row. We have to

work to make this institute recognizedin the community, we have to have self-esteem," Vira said.She chose to get involved in theInstitute because both she and herhusband Rob ert, who is a president of acommercial finance company in Manhattan, feel that ethnic awareness is veryimportant.Vira, who is of Ukrainian descent, isoriginally from Rochester, N.Y. Herparents, Roman and Caroline Hladun,came to the United States from westernUkraine after World War I.Vira attended St. Josaphat's CatholicSchool and was active in parish organizations.Robert, whose grandparents came tothe United States from Poland, isJewish. The Goldmans split their timeevenly between the Ukrainian andJewish com munities w orking for causesthat will educate others about bothethnic groups.For this reason, one of the Go ldmansfavorite cause is HURf (H arvard Ukrainian R esearch Institute), for which theyhosted a benefit in 1973. "We have toeducate other people about our comm unity, and there is no reason for us no t toshoot for the highest," Vira said. Robertis also involved in HUR L He is head ofthe Overseeing Committee at Harvard,his alma mater.The Goldmans are not novices at

(Cont inued on page 10) Kolomayets

Vira Goldman and Walter Nazarewicz at the Ukrainian Institute of America.

R e s t o r a t i o n o f t h e D a n f o r t h h o u s e :a la b o r o f l o v e

N EW YORK - In the late 1970sRobert and Vira Goldman werelooking for the perfect house tospend long weekends and vacationsin. Vira, an American antiques collector wanted an original 18th centuryhouse which she could restore. Shehad already restored two houses andenjoyed this challenging hobby.However, no houses were to befound. The Goldmans decided thatthe ideal location for their new homewould be East Hampton, Long Island, an old, established community, but shopping around theyfound nothing that suited them.Instead, they purchased some land inEast Hampton and continued theirsearch. Then they heard about Howard W illard J r., a restorer who hadrecently purchased an 18th centuryhouse in Middletown, Conn., onceowned by Joseph Danforth (1758-1788), a pewter-maker wh ose work ison display at the Boston Museum ofFine Arts and is part of the GarvanCollection at Yale.Although it was declared a landmark by the Preservation Trust ofMiddletown, the ho use, built in 1787,was going to be torn down to makeroom for a highway.The Goldmans went to Connecticut to see Mr. Willard, who by thistime had dismantled the house andwas storing it in his barn. He showedthe couple sketches and color slidesof the ho use as it looked standing inMiddletown, and assured them thathe could restore it on their propertyin East Hampton and make it look sothat Joseph Danforth could walk inand feel right at home.The price was good and the challenge was there, so the Goldmansbought the house. When interviewedin 1980 by Antiques and CollectiblesMagazine. Vira called their work a

labor of love. She researched 18thcentury houses in Connecticut, forshe wanted total authenticity, andwork for the Goldmans began.Their Connecticut house in LongIsland is unique not o nly because ofits history, but also because it isbelieved to be one of two such housesremaining. Also, as of 1980, it wasbelieved to be the first out-of-statetransfer of a historic landmark.An article in the New York Tunesin mid 1980 stated that preservationists always prefer that historicallysignificant structures remain wherethey are because their value alsoincludes the archeological information found in the surrounding area.However, when a situation arisesthat means demolishing a structure,and the saving of such a building isimpossible, they agree that it isindeed better to move it.In the summer of 1980 the move ofthe house took place and Mr.Willard's workers and the G oldman sstarted restoring it. The house hasthree large rooms downstairs andthree bedrooms upstairs, and sixfireplaces. A lthoug h Vira had amodern ki t chen and bathroomsinstalled, they are hidden from themain roo ms o f the original structure.She planned to cover the walls withthe original pine paneling and paint itin the same colors used in 1787. Eventhe floors are made up o f the originalpine paneling with 18th centurybutterfly head nails made to use inthe floor. The pieces of the structurewhich did not survive over the twocenturies, (the unique sliding shutters,the muntin windows and the originalfront door) were duplicated andinstalled.

The Goldmans agree that thehouse cost them no more than if theyhad bought a house on Long Islandand started restoring it. Their re-

George KbpechakFront (top) and side views of Danforth House, East Hampton, N.Y.

building, putting the house togetherpiece by piece, gave them the opportunity to replace any rotted parts andto combine the beauty of an 18thcentury structure with the convenience of a 20th century lifestyle.

The Goldmans are opening uptheir 18th century do ors to a limitednumber of people on Saturday,September 11 when they host thebenefit for the Ukrainian Institute ofAmerica.


10/16

10 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY. AUGUST 15 .1 98 2 NO. 33

Chicago 's Vodo hray keeps growingby Marts Kolomayets

JERS EY CITY, N.J. - ChristinaSawyn, Nadia Sawyn, Adrian Demus,Chuck Floramo and Mark Murskyj.These are the f ive individuals whocomprise the band, Vodohray. That'sVodohray from Chicago, not from NewYork. (No one seems to know whichband came first.)However, the Vodohray band fromChicago was recently in New York, atSoyuzivka performing during the U-krainian National Association's Celebration of Youth, where they played atthe Saturday evening (August 7) dance,as well as at Monday evening's Hutsulnight.They exposed the audience to aunique sound, unique because of itsmake-up. "We're the only Ukrainianband that has not one, but two femalesingers," M ark, the bass player revealed."Our sound is clean and traditional,"said Adrian w ho admits to being a rock-and-roller at heart, but who also enjoysproducing crisp, traditional Ukrainianmusic."We don ' t th ink the t r ad i tional Ukrainian songs, or the contemporary Ukrainian songs that havemade their way from Ukraine, werewritten for the purpose of being twistedaround," added Nadia, the accomplished keyboardist of the group, who was incharge of planning a concert in thememory of Volodymyr Ivasiuk in Chicago.The viewp oint she expressed is evident by the songs on their recentlyreleased first album, titled Vodohray.Such songs as "Vodohray ," "TwoViolins," "U Doli Svoya Vesna,"all byIvasiuk as well as "Ivanku," "Synu,Kachky Letiat," "Verba," "Vorozhka,""Volya" and "Chab an" are featured onthe album, which was an innovativemove for the band.Although Vodohray has existed sincethe fall of 1979, its pers onn el haschanged a number of times. This pastJanu ary the group f inally achievedstability, and is now composed of thecurrent five members.From the beginning, the group had inmind to release an album quickly. Theysaw it as a public relations m ove, a wayto gain recognition in the Ukrainiancommunity. They also enjoyed doingthe studio work because both Adrianand Chuck work as video engineers andMark is an electrical engineer.Lastly, but most importantly, the

group felt it was musically ready to cutan album They work well, and theblending of the two female voices didnot need much work. The two girls ares i s te r s , and have o f ten pe r fo rmedtogether in choirs, theater groups orvocal ensembles. The sound was thereand the musicians were ready so theydid the album. After practicing two tothree times a week, they taped in earlyApril. Two weeks ago they picked upthe albums which are ready to bedistributed.

They believe they have found fivemembers that work well together personally as well as musically. There is noone leader in the band; everyone hasresponsibilites of checking bookings,planning rehearsals, designing outfits,etc.Chuck, the dru mm er, who is the onlynon-Ukrainian in the group, also has a"job." He's learning Ukrainian. To date,he has perfected the words "zabava,""vesilia" and "diakuyu."The band is booked through 1983 andhopes to release another album soon.This time around they would like tofeature their own compositions.

Their diversity is featured when theyperform at dances and weddings, forthey perform tradit ional Ukrainiansongs as well as medleys of rock-and-roll tunes. They play such groups as theGo-Go's, Scorpions and Abba. Criteriafor picking songs to perform includewhether the songs are suited for femalevoices, for although the male bandmembers do vocals, they are still shyabout singing. Christina added: "Thiswill change with time."The band continues to further theirmusic education by taking voice andguitar lessons as well as working onarrangements, etc. Nadia, who has amaster's degree in piano from Northwestern University, does many of thearrangements, but is quick to add thateveryone in the band lends their talentsto the final products.She always had a desire to play in aband, and when the opportunity cameup early this year, she knew she couldnot pass it up. All five members getpleasure from it, "and you always findtime for the things you enjoy doing,"added Mark.The most rewarding experience, is thesound of the people on the dance floorhaving a good time. "That's what keepsus going, Christina said, "the sound ofthem saying, 'play another song.' "

Ukra inian Institute...(Continued from pafe 9)hosting benefits. Attendance has to belimited to 125 people, at SSOpcr person,which is tax-deductible, because it is aprivate hom e and Vira, with the help ofher 15-year-old daughter, Oleksa andher friends, will be catering the affair.Dressed in emb roidered shir ts ,Oleksa and her friends will help at theevent, and provide cleaning-up services,part of a new business she is runningwith her friends, called H ands on Deck.The day's event will also include aspecial program which has not yet been

finalized, disclosed committee members.Guests are also welcome to tour thehome, (see story below) a historic 18thcentury Danforth House, which wasdismantled, restored and moved to EastHampton in 1979. Vira has furnishedthe house in 18th century Americanantiques, a hobby she truly enjoys.She h as also said tha t scrap books onthe entire process of restoration will beavailable for perusal.

Vira, an energetic woman, feels that itis time to help the institute, an d indeedthis is a perfect time Recently, theInstitute has been plagued by financialdifficulties, including the loss of its tax-exempt status. Although the situationlooks optimistic because the institutehas taken a numb er of actions to satisfyrequirements of the Tax Commission,and Mayor Ed Koch has let up on hisdemands that ethnic institutions betaxed, a lot of work still needs to bedone.The institute has expanded its educational program and it is now accreditedwi th Harvard Ukra in ian Research

Institute, Hunter College of CUNY,and is still waiting word from Colum biaUniversity. By the fall, the institutehopes to establish a formal researchlibrary and a variety of programs thatinclude the opening Yuri Solovij exhibi t , a ser ies of Harvard Universi tylectures, the first public showing ofSlavko Nowytski's film, "The Helm ofDestiny," an art auction, modern poetryreadings, and UNA-UIA performingartists group concerts.

Marta KolomayebVodohray band of Chicago.

W i l l th e R e d A r m y . . .(Continued from pa ft 6)Poland . They pos i t a hypo the t ica lsituation in which the Red Army mightstep in to fill a power vacuum, the waythe Polish Army did when the partyappeared to lose its grip on power.

Red Army at the helm?If the army were to take power in theSoviet Union, the authors feel that "theWest would in fact make a fatal mistakeif it failed to welcome, and possiblyassist, a military takeover."Although the army would, on patrioticgrounds, seek to conduct a toughrealpolitik designed to strengthen thecountry and safeguard its professionalprestige, unlike the Communists, "the

military are not philosophically committed to a doctrine of class war, worldrevolution, and the reshaping of thevery nature of hum anity and the world'sfuture," the authors reason.As to Western fears that the RedArmy, thus dedicated to national tradition, patriotism and hard-nosed pragmatism, could simply serve as an instrument of Great Russian chauvinism, theauthors note that the "major part of theRed Army's officer corps and (perhaps

even more important) of its non-commissioned officers are Ukrainians andByelorussians; a high portion of long-service men come from the Muslim partof Soviet Central Asia and from themany small nations of the Caucasus."The authors summarize their thesisthusly:"No one, of course, can predict thefuture. But there are straws in the wind.The old confidence in Marxism-Leninism is waning both in Eastern Europe andwithin the Soviet Union itself. Traditional creeds - Christian, Muslim,Jewish and Buddhist are gaining newadheren t s . Marx i sm-Len in i sm as aphilosophical system is in decay; itsbeliefs are n o longer taken seriously bythe masses. Freed from Communistutopianism -and Comm unist tyrann y,the various nations of the Soviet Unioncould return to their accustomed values.Religious commitment, a sense ofhistorical responsiblity, the peasants't r ad i t iona l ind iv idua l i sm, the b lue -co l la r workers ' economic com monsense, the universal preference for anend to the controlled economy wouldprevail.

"To rephrase Lenin, military rulemay perhaps turn out to be both thehighest stage of Communism and itslast."


11/16

No . 33 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY. AUGUST 15 .1 98 2 11atesI 1 0 / 1 5 7 8 1 0 /2 2 / 7 81 1 1 / 5 / 7 81 1 / 1 2 / 7 81 1 / 1 8 / 7 81 1 / 2 8 / 7 8- 1 2 / 3 / 7 8A 1 2 / 1 0 / 7 81 /2 1 91/28/79

1 1/28/792 / 4 / 7 92 / 1 1 / 7 92 / 1 8 / 7 92 / 1 8 / 7 9X 2 / 2 5 / 7 93 /4 /793 / 1 1 / 7 93 / 1 8 / 7 9I 3 / 2 5 / 7 94 / 1 94 / 2 9 / 7 95 /8 /795/20/791 5 / 2 7 / 7 98 / 3 / 7 98 /3 /798/10/798/24/799 / 9 / 7 99 /1 6 99 / 2 3 7 99 / 3 0 7 91 0 / 1 4 / 7 91 0 / 1 4 / 7 9| .1 0 /2 1 91 0 /2 1 91 0 /2 8 91 1 / 4 / 7 91 1 /1 1 91 1 /1 8 91 1 1 /1 8 91 1 / 2 91 2 / 9 92 / 3 / 8 0X 2 / 1 0 / 8 01 2 / 1 7 / 8 02 / 2 4 / 8 0I 3 / 2 / 8 0 3 /9 /80

f t 3 / 1 8 / 8 03 / 1 8 / 8 03 / 2 3 / 8 0x 3 / 3 0 / 8 0j 4 / 2 0 / 8 04 / 2 7 / 8 04 / 2 7 / 8 0 5/4/801 5 / 4 / 8 05/11/805/25/806 / 8 / 8 0X /15/ 8/29/809 / 2 8 / 8 01 0 / 5 / 8 0

2 1 0 / 1 2 / 8 01 0 / 1 9 / 8 01 0 / 2 8 / 8 01 1 / 2 / 8 0C 1 1 / 9 / 8 0f 1 1 / 1 5 / 8 01 1 / 1 8 / 8 01 1 / 1 8 / 8 0J 1 1 / 2 3 / 8 01 1 / 3 0 / 8 01 2 / 1 4 / 8 01 2 / 2 1 / 8 01 2 / 3 1 / 8 0I 1/25/812 / 1 / 8 12 / 8 / 8 12 / 8 / 8 12 / 1 5 / 8 12 / 1 5 / 8 12 / 2 2 / 8 13 / 1 / 8 13 / 8 / 8 13 / 1 5 / 8 13 / 2 2 / 8 13 / 2 2 / 8 14 / 5 / 8 14 / 5 / 8 14 / 1 2 / 8 15 /3 /815/10/815/10/815/17/815/24/815/31/819 / 2 7 / 8 11 0 / 4 / 8 11 0 / 1 1 / 8 1. . 1 0 / 1 8 / 8 11 0 / 2 5 / 8 1I 1 1 / 1 / 8 11 1 / 1 / 8 1

LocationsRichmond, Va .E l i z a b e t h , N .J .Ca r t e r e t , N .J .P e r t h A m b o y . N . JN e w a r k , N . J .Pa s s a i c , N .J .Je r s e y C i t y , N .J .B a y o n n e , N . J .H i l l s i d e . N .J .W h l p p a n y , N . J .R a m s e y , N . J .Ma n v i l l e , N .J .T r e n t o n , N . J .M i l lv l l l e , N .J .W o o d b i n e . N . J .P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a .P h i l a d e l p h ia , P a .P h i l a d e l p h ia , P a .Br i d ge p or t , Pa .P h i l a d e l p h ia , P a .Syr a c u s e , N .Y .Ch e a t e r , Pa .B a l t i m or e , M d .Br i s t o l, Pa .P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a .W i l m i n g t on , D e l .

MEMORIAL FUND RAIS ING CAMPAIGNF O R T H E B U I L D I N G O F T H E U K R A I N IA N N A T I O N A L SH R I N E I N W A S H I N G T O N , D .C .

U K R A I N I A N C A T H O L I C P A R I S H E S V I SI T E D B Y CA M P A I G N D I R E C T O R , F R . J . D E N I S C H U K , C.SS.R.( A S O F J U L Y 4 , 1 9 8 2 - P R E S S R E L E A S E N o . 1 7 )Memorials i. Donations TotalsarishesSt Joh n a n d Ba p t i s t 9St . Vlad imir 32S t M a r y 1 2As s u m p t i on o f BVM 30St Joh n t h e Ba p t i s t 5 8S t N i c h o l a s 9S a P e t e r a n d P a u l 1 9As s u m p t i on o f BVM 6

I m m a c u l a te C o n c e p t i o n / B V M 7St Joh n t h e Ba p t i s t 1 6S t P a u l 1St . M i c h a e l 1 8St Jos a p h a t eS t N i c h o l a s 8S t N i c h o l a s 3I m m a c u l a te C on c e p t i o n / B V M 2 1A n n u n c i a t io n o f B V MCh r i s t t h e K i n gS a P e t e r a n d P a u lS t J o s a p h a tSt Joh n th e B a p t is tH o l y G h o s tS t M i c h a e lPa t r on a ge o f BVMNat ivi ty of BVMSt N i c h o la sC h e s a p a k e C it y . M d . S t B a s i lC u r t is B a y , M d . S S . P e t e r a n d P a u lT o r o n to . O n tBe r wi c k , Pa .F r a c k v i l l e , Pa .S h a m o k i n , P a .N o r t h a m p t o n , P a .S h e n a n d o a h , P a .M a h a n o y C i t y, P a .S t C la l r , Pa .S t C la l r , Pa .C e n t r a l la , P aCl i f t on He i gh t s . Pa .M o u n t C a r m e l , P a .P a r m a , O h i o. P a r m a , O h i oC l e v e l a n d , O h i oS . S i d e C le ve la n d , O . Pa t r on a ge o f BVMB e t h l e h e m , P a .A l l e n t o w n , P a .P a l m e r t o n , P a .W . E a e t orr , Pa .B r o o k l y n . N . Y .Joh n s on Ci t y . N .Y .M i n e r s v i l l e , Pa .M l d d l e p o r t , P a .O l y p h a n t , P a .Ph oe n lxv l l l e , Pa .L a n s d a l e . P a .O u a k e r t o w n , P a .E d wa r d s v l l i e , Pa .P l y m o u t h , P a .W l l k e s B a r re , P a .G l e n S p e y . N . Y .S i m p s o n , P a .M c A d o o , P a .M a n a s s a s , V a .Roc h e s t e r , N .Y .Bu f f a lo , N .Y .L a n c a s t e r , N .Y .N i a ga r a F a l l s . N .Y .L a c k a w a n n a , N . Y .U t ic a , N Y .A m s t e r d a m . N . Y .St . Johnsvi l le , N.Y .R o m e , N . Y .L i t tl e F a l l s , N .Y .Wa t e r v l l e t . N .Y .C o h o e s . N . Y .T r oy . N .Y .Y or k t on , Sa s k .W i n n i p e g , M a n .S a s k a t o o n . S a s k .N e w B r i t a in , C o n n .L u d l o w , M a s s .S. D e e r f l e l d , M a s s .H a r t f o r d , C o n n .G l a s t on b u r y , C o n n .T e r r yv i l l e , Con n .W l l l l m a n t l c , C o n n .C o l c h e s t e r , C o n n .Br i d ge p or t , Con n .N e w H a v e n , C o n n .B o s t o n , M a s s .E lm l r a Hgt s . , N .Y .B a t h . N . Y .H e m p e t e a d , N . Y .A u b u r n . N . Y .W o o n s o c k e t , R . I.F a l l R i ve r . Ma s s .O z o n e P a r k , N . Y .

The Ukrainian Weekly 1982-33

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