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L . 82.

SVOBODAUkrainian Daily

VOL. L. No. 82.' ,

Dedicated to the needs and interests of young Americans of Ukrainian descent.

No. 15 JERSEY CITY, N. X, MONDAY, APRIL 13, 1942 VOL. XUKRAINIAN CHOIR SINGS A T RADIOCITY EASTER MORN SERVICE

fP H E inspired singing of the augmented Ukrainian Church Choir of 85voices under Professor George Kiritchenko at the United Easter DawnService, held at the famed Radio City Music Hall on Easter Sunday, madethe service highly memorable to the 7,500 persons who crowded the magnificent theatre, and to the countless multitudes who heard it over the radio(NBC) on a coast-to-coast hook-up and by short wave throughout theworld as welL The choir did more than amplejustice to the beauty of the UkrainianEaster hymns it sang: "Khristos Vos-kres" (Christ Arose) by an unknowncomposer, "Khristos Voskres" (ChristIs Risen) by Nizankowsky, and "*seyDen" (This Is the Day) by Bortnian-sky. The last song, the most stirringof them all, was the one broadcastover the radio.Very striking, too, was the appearance of the choir, the members beingclad in the colorful Ukrainian nativecostumes, which,' as Mr. John D.Rockefeller (who was largely responsible for the choirs appearance atthis service) is said to have remarked,4*truly depict in their varied hues, farbetter than does our black and whiteformal dress, the arrival of Springand the unflowering of Nature, which

is Eastertide."Local dallies carried accounts of thechoir's appearance at the Radio CityMusic Hall Blaster Morn service, priorand after it. Pictures of the choirappeared in The New York Times,the World-Telegram and th e D ailyMirror.The choir, directed by Prof. Kiri-chenko, was composed of the Ukrainian Protestant Church Choir of NewYork, augmented by members of theUkrainian Orthodox Church Choir ofNew York, the Ukrainian Presbyterian Choir of Newark, and severalmembers from the Ukrainian YouthChorus of N. Y. and N. J.The United Easter Dawn Service,an annual affair, was held underthe auspices of the Greater NewYork Federation of Churches.

HOW OUR ARMED FORCES WILL BJEINCREASED / more and more of our young men, including many of Ukrainiandescent, entering the armed forces of our country, the question oftencomes up as to how many fighting men will actually be needed for an all-out war effort, how they will be gotten, and what effect will this haveon civilian life for the duration of the war.At the present time, there are*sligh tly more than 2 000,000 men W e m u g t f i o n a , ^ w h o 8 ethe American Army. There are 1,000- e n d ^ t h e a c t u a l land i n v a s i o n22 *? " ^ ?xftS ^ a V y ^ ? a b o u t l o f A xis countries. All hope that will500.000 the Air Force. That marks j n o t Q n e c e S 8 a r y md t h a t Germanyan immense chrnge from a few years a n d J a p a n ^ ^ B u t i t w o u l dago, when the Army was down to ^ t h e h e i g h t o f f o l l y t 0 p l a n OQ t h a taround 150,000 men, and tne other j W e m u f i t ^ ^ p l an on doing itmilitary branches were also negligible j ^ h a f d ^so fax as numbers are concerned. | ^ ^ ^ j ^ ^ e f f e c t o f t h i s d e .But the change that will take place \ m a n d - t b r manpower for the militaryin th e future, according to current ! s e r v i c e s ' ?plans will be utfnitely greater-and| FinUit ^ ^ 8 t a t e d categorical-will have an infinitely greate r effect ,y t n a t e v e r y ma n tffef o r t y w i t h -on the normal ways of the nation. o u t d e p e n d e i l t e | and without a jobTop military men believe that the which is considered absolutely vitalArm y will have to be increased to 8,- to the war effort, will be inducted,000,000 men and perhaps still more and-soon. Men who are physically un-that the Navy will have a personnel Ifit,of course, will be exceptionsbutof around 2,000,00

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N o . 15 ' " " wm UKRAINIAN WEEKLY, MONDAY, APRIL 1942

H O W T H E G E R M A N S D I S P E R S E DT H E C E N T R A L R A D A *

i nt er es ti ng s id el ig ht s o n t he Treaty of Brest-Litovsk of February, 1918 to which the CentralPowers, Soviet Russia and Ukrainewere parties, are provided in theNovember, 1941 issue (vol. 1, no. 1)of 'The Russian Review" in a documentary account on '"The GermanOccupation of Ukraine in 1918,"written by Xenia Joukoff Eudin.The journal, incidentally, is ascholarly review "devoted to Russia,past and present." To the best ofour knowledge, only its first numberhas appeared thus far. Its editor isWilliam Henry Chamberlin, foreigncorrespondent in Soviet Russia for4"Hie Christian Science Monitor,"1922-1933, author of "Russia's IronAge," "The History of the RussianRevolution," and other works.Xenia J. Eudin, author of thearticle, is a native of Ukraine, whoattended Moscow University for Women and the Univers ity of London;at present she is a Research Associate, Hoover Library, Stanford Univers ity.The* most arresting part of h er accountw hich though interesting cannot be considered as completeof theGerman occupation of Ukraine in1918 is that dealing with the dissolution by the Germans of the Central Radagoverning body of theUkrainian republic then.Host i l i ty Between Ukrainians andGermans

What led to this dissolution, asour readers may recall, was the antagonism which rose after the Brest-I itovsk Treaty between the Ukrainian people and the Germans. Thelatter had come into the countryostensibly as allies but soon revealedthemselves as its exploiters of -theworst sort, intent upon bleeding thecountry dry of its resources, especially its food, and constantly interfering in its social, political and economic life.The relations between the CentralRada and the German authorit ies ofoccupation under General von Eich-horn /grew steadily worse. Enrag edby the Ukrainian resistance^ the G ermans decided to dissolve the Rada asthe government of Ukraine andestablish in its place a puppet government headed by Paul Sfeoropad-sky, a Ukrainian-born ex-Russiangeneral, upon whom, with the aid ofcertain Ukrainian landed' interests,they conferred the historic title ofHetman of Ukraine .% irat this point , that I f lss Eudinpresents a vivid account of the dis- o f th e C en tr al R ad a by t heG ermans. It is a translation fromthe ^K ie vskaya - N o- **> !2*,< 1918: "H and* ' ,

' The members of th e . . Rada met(on April 28) m the sameexeit ingatmosphere as on the dfcy before.The sess ion was devoted-entire ly tothe discussion of General von Eieh-hnrnV order [whieh dealt with G erman supervision of the next Ukrainian harvest and establishedGerman court-martials in Ukraine].. 1st G . Ra fes. . .read the officialdeclaration by the German commandforbidding May celebrations withoutspecial permission. The speakerfound in this fact a definite intention[en the part of the Germans] tohumiliate the Ukrainian government.. .Tfee trag edy of the Ukrainianpeople was great bet it w as no different from the tragedy of othersmall nat ions when they attemptedto take the path of independence.The speaker's words were cut short. . .at 3: 45 pv m., when a Germanlieutenant with a detachment ofheatfily armed aekuers wearing helmets entered the Rada meeting."Is tn i nanir nf th r German gav-

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eminent ," the l ieu tena nt said inRussian, "hands up! Do not move!"Excitement swept through the audience and everyone jumped up.Armed German soldiers pouredthrough the open doo r . . . "H andsu p , hands up," again shouted thelieutenant, who was now joined byseveral German officers, some of;whom spoke Russian. The membersof the Rada, the representatives ofthe press, and the public submissively put up their hands. . .

IHrushevsky RefusesThe chairman alone, M. S. Hru-shevsky, remained in his seat anddid not lift his hands. He was outwardly calm, but the flushed spotson his cheeks showed his inwardturmoil. The soldiers who hadspread out over the hall kept theirrevolvers leveled at the crowd ofpeople who stood motionless withupraised arms. Revolvers were alsodirected at Professor M. S. Hrushev-sky. "I protest with all my poweragainst the entrance of soldiers inthe building of the Rada," said Professor Hrushevsky in Ukrainian."Who are you?" cut in the lieutenant . "I am Hrushevsky, thechairman of the Central Rada."" O h , Hrushevsky," said the l ieutenant, "right now I am the onlyone who Will do any talking aroundhe r e . . . Whe r e is the Minister ofWar, Zhukovsky? Where is theMinister of Interior, Tkach enko? "he shouted. "Where is the M inisterKovalevsky? Where is the directorof the administrative-political department. Gaevsky?" Silence followed. Neither Tkachenko, nor

MICHAEL HRUSH tfVSKYScholar and StatesmanAs chairman of Central Rada, government of the UkrainianNational Republic, and a historian and scholar of high repute,Hrushevsky 186& 934) refused to be cowed by the G ermanswhen on April 28, 1918 they invaded the Rada Chambers todisperse it

The nam es of the Rada mem bers! people to rebel again st him. Its ap-Kov alevsky wa were Uke n down and each was j peal was answered by a mass rebel-the ha ll. "Here I am," the director J ? a r c ^ in 5 a n o t h e r ^ J 1 * ? $&& 5 a * * ! -the hall where soon all of them teers flocked to augm ent the Ukrain-were gathered. (In the end onemember after another was permittedto leave, and even M. S. Hrushevsky was finally released: The German guard w as r e m ove d. ) . . .

of th e admin istrative - political department, Iu. L Gaevsky, said suddenly. Upon an order from t helieutenant , Gaevsky was surroundedby a group of soldiers, arrested,and escorted from the hall . . .Everybody still stood in increasing discomfort , the ir hands high.The commander of the detachmentlooked everywhere for Tkachenko,Zhukovsky, add Kovalevsky, tryingto get their home addresses fromProfessor Hrushevsky and otherdeputies who would not give the information."Where does Tkachenko live ? " th elieutenant asked M. V. Por sh. Overthrow of Skoropadsky 's Puppet"I do not know," answered Porsh | Regime

ian army under Petlura.From the very outset , victory rodewith the Directory; and on December-19 it made a tr iumphal entry intoKiev. And thu s once more, but only*The doors of the building were [for awhile, t he Ukrainian Natio nalopened again. Members of theRada j Republic had driven off its enemies.passed in f ree ly . . .and gathered in j j f ^ 0 f - f^ig }, rgr oups e xc i te d ly d i sc us sing w h a t | m e n t i o n e d fc * J J had happ ened. A.re we dispersed | ( j a y articleor aren't we?" the delegates kept! .asking each other. And to this *question no one seemed to give adefinite answer.

with his hands in the air, a copy Actually the Rada was dissolved,of the Neue ^reiePrense in one andj d ^ GemaB ^ H e t m a n g ^ |his passport m the other. jropadsky and his puppet governm ent"And now," shouted the lieu t e n - au^me d pow e rant in -Russian, "all thos e who havefirearms put them on the tatrte. ] A 8 t o r m o f opposition arose againstAnyone fai l ing to do th i s w i ll be l t h i s German-controlled dictatorship,severely punished. We shall search * became further intensified with theeveryone."

Protests"I protest most categoricallyagainst any searches being conducted in the bnilding of the par-Jtament," said M. S. Hrushevsky."Every person who does not surrender his arms will be immediately!* 0111* * * the format ion of theshot," the other lieutenant said inGerman.One of the representatives of thepress turned to the first lieutenant:"You do not translate correctly;Jfour colleague is threatening toshoot us, and you speak in Russianonly of severe punishment.""Never mind," said the first lieutenant calmly, "we win make shoot-ing the punishment."Again the order for the surrenderof the arms wa s given. "Hand sdown," rdered th e second l ieutenantm G erman. E veryon e put down bis

table and placed their revolvers onit in front of M. S. Hrushevsky,w ho s t i l l s a t the r e . . .

revelation, which Miss Eudin does notmention in her account, that Skoropadsky's regime was composed ofmany pro-Russian elements, includingsome prominent monarchists whoadvocated the restoration of TsaristRussia.The fast-rising opposition took

Ukrainian National Union (July, !1918), a coalition of several Ukrainian national parties. When following jthe armistice on the Western Front j(November 11) Skoropadsky con-1eluded an alliance with General tDenikin, the leader of the Russian)"Whites" (who soug ht to restore |Tsarist Russia) , the Ukrainian Na-jtional Union proclaimed the alliance jtreasonable and against the principles of Ukrainian freedom. It then created the Directory, headed by Vin-nichenko and Petlura, whose aim wasto overthrow Skoropadsky's regimehands; Several people walked to t h e } * n d ^J**?**** a e d Xh e R u s "

sians out of Ukraine .The Directory declared Skoropadsk y a traitor and called' upon the-

"A DISTINGUISHED PtfeCE OFWORK"says Dr. Raymond Leslie Buell,scholar, author, and at presentEditor of Fortune Magazine, aboutA HISTORYofU K R A I N E

By MIC HA EL HR U SHEV SKYEdited by

O. J . FR ED ER IK SENPreface by

GEOR GE V EBN A D SKYPublished forTHE U KR A IN IA N N A TION A LASSOCIATION

byTHE Y;*LE UNIVERSITY PRESS

PRICE $4.00"SVOBOBA" BOOKSTORE81-88 Grand StreetJersey City, N. J .

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