John Litynski, PE Carbon Sequestration Technology Manager National Energy Technology Laboratory

The U. S. DOE Sequestration R&D Program: Developing MVAA for Groundwater Protection

2011 Ground Water Protection Council Annual Forum Atlanta, GA September 24-28

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DOE/NETL Sequestration Program Promotes Groundwater Protection

• Overall Program goal: advance safe, cost effective,

permanent geologic storage of CO2

• Drivers: Class VI UIC and CAA MRR regulations

• Groundwater protection addressed in Program supporting

activities

– Core R&D Projects

– Infrastructure Development

– International R&D Collaboration

at Field Projects

3

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY • OFFICE OF FOSSIL ENERGY NATIONAL ENERGY TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY

CARBON STORAGE PROGRAM with ARRA Projects

2012 Structure

Benefits

Global Collaborations

Benefits

Core R&D

Benefits

Infrastructure

Pre-combustion Capture

Geologic Storage

Monitoring, Verification, and Accounting (MVA)

Simulation and Risk Assessment

CO2 Utilization

Technology Solutions

Characterization

Validation

Development

ARRA: Development of Technology Transfer Centers

Lessons Learned

Technology Solutions

Lessons Learned

North America Energy Working Group

Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum

International Demonstration Projects

Canada (Weyburn, Zama, Ft. Nelson) Norway (Sleipner and Snovhit) Germany (CO2Sink), Australia (Otway) Africa (In-Salah) Asia (Ordos Basin)

• Reduced cost of CCS • Tool development for risk

assessment and mitigation • Accuracy/monitoring quantified • CO2 capacity validation • Indirect CO2 storage

• Human capital • Stakeholder networking • Regulatory policy development • Visualization knowledge center • Best practices development • Public outreach and education

• Knowledge building • Project development • Collaborative international

knowledge • Capacity/model validation • CCS commercial deployment

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY • OFFICE OF FOSSIL ENERGY NATIONAL ENERGY TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY

CARBON SEQUESTRATION PROGRAM with ARRA Projects

Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships

Demonstration and Commercialization Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)

Other Small and Large-Scale Projects ARRA: University Projects ARRA: Site Characterization

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Groundwater Protection Cross-cuts Core Research Activities

Focus Area

Key:

Improved Fundamental Understanding

Technology Development

Geologic Carbon Storage Wellbore Technology

Mitigation Technology

Geologic Carbon Storage

Risk Assessment

Thermal and Hydrologic

Simulation and Risk Assessment

Conversion of CO 2

Non - Geologic CO 2 Storage

Indirect Storage

Beneficial Use of Produced Water

Breakthrough Concepts

Conversion of CO2 Non-Geologic CO2 Storage Indirect Storage Beneficial Use of Produced Water Breakthrough Concepts

Atmospheric and Remote Sensing

Near-Surface Monitoring Subsurface Monitoring Intelligent systems

MVA

Membrane Processes Solvent - Based Processes Sorbent - Based Processes Improved Water Gas Shift

Reactor

Pre - combustion Capture

Membrane Solvent-Based

Sorbent-Based

Capture (Pre-Combustion)

CO2 Utilization

Fluid flow, pressure, and brine management

Geochemical impacts Geomechanical impacts

Geochemical Geomechanical Biologic Risk assessment and quantification

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Monitoring, Verification, Accounting, and Assessment

Research Pathways • Atmospheric and Remote Sensing Technologies • Near surface monitoring of soils and vadose zone • Subsurface monitoring in and near injection zone • Intelligent monitoring systems for field management

Research Partners – Massachusetts Institute of Technology, PTRC, University of San Diego Scripps, University of Wyoming, Columbia University, West Virginia University, University of Miami, University of Texas at Austin, Fusion Petroleum Technologies, Planetary Emissions Management, Schlumberger Carbon Services, Montana State University, Stanford University, ORNL, LANL, PNNL, LBNL, LLNL, BNL

Summary of Focus Area • 13 cooperative agreements awarded – FY09 • 9 Tasks with 6 National Labs • Targeting 99% permanence and +/-30% capacity

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Groundwater/ CO2 Interactions Need to be Understood

• Research partners: Duke University, LBNL, DOE ORD

• Model rock-water interactions if CO2 added to typical fresh water aquifers

• Identify geochemical signatures in water which can be used as detection criteria – Manganese, iron, and

calcium (along with pH) identified as potential geochemical markers of a CO2 leak

-5 Z

050

100150

200250

300350

400

X

50Y

Y

Z

XTIC0.220.210.190.180.160.150.130.120.100.090.080.060.050.030.02

0 100 200 300 400 500

Distance (m)

0x100

2x10-8

4x10-8

6x10-8

8x10-8

10-7

Tota

l aqu

eous

Pb

conc

entra

tion

(mol

/L)

3D y=0 z=03D y=0 z=-53D y=0 z=-102D y=0

MCL

Profiles of lead concentration at y=0 for different z

Total dissolved C after 100 years, 19t/yr intrusion

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Core R&D Efforts Increase the Portfolio of MVA Techniques for Groundwater Protection

• Wellbore leakage • Seismic technology

– New acquisition technology – New processing and analysis

approaches – Integration of different types

of data • Non-seismic techniques

– Pressure, temperature – Gravity – Fluid sampling, tracers – Satellite-based

measurements • Intelligent monitoring systems

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New Method Will Reduce Risk of Wellbore Leakage

• Schlumberger Carbon Services is developing a new method to relate the risk of leakage of existing wells

• Average flow parameters (porosity and permeability or mobility) will be derived from data collected by non-destructive cement mapping tools

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Multiple Projects Focus on Improving Seismic Methods

• Interpretation, analysis, modeling – University of Wyoming: 3-D

multicomponent waveform inversion

– Univ of Houston: 3-D elastic wavefield simulation

– Fusion Petroleum: Integrated reservoir modeling and seismic analysis

– Virginia Polytechnic: double-difference seismic tomography

– UT Austin: Multicomponent seismic and rock physics modeling

– Los Alamos National Lab: advanced seismic imaging Modeled long-offset converted-wave

reflection amplitudes (Univ. Wyoming)

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Improving Seismic Methods (Cont’d)

• Hardware – Paulsson Geophysical: design

of 1000 level 3 component fiber optic seismic receiver string

– UT Austin: Use of cable-less seismic acquisition systems; shear wave focus

• Rock Physics – Stanford: CO2 optimized rock-

fluid models – Lawrence Berkeley Lab and

NETL: effects of CO2 saturation • Integration of seismic with

other geophysical data – Ohio State: graphical user

interface for 3-D models of electromagnetic and seismic data

Laboratory seismic velocities and X-ray CT images (Stanford)

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Other Measurements Complement Seismic Data

• Gravity – UC San Diego: High precision

subsea gravity surveys • Ground surface displacement

– Lawrence Livermore and Lawrence Berkeley Labs: Modeling and analysis of InSAR measurements

• Temperature, pressure – Lawrence Berkeley Labs:

Distributed Thermal Perturbation Sensor (DTPS) measurements for tracking CO2

– UT Austin: Above zone pressure monitoring for leak detection

Thermal history of a monitorinig well at SECARB Cranfield site

Remotely operated vehicle with deep water gravimeter (UC San Diego)

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Non-seismic Monitoring (cont’d)

• Fluid sampling; tracers – Lawrence Berkeley Labs:

Tracking the CO2 plume using fluid sampling

– Oak Ridge National Lab: isotopic and perfluorocarbon tracers

• Electrical

– Lawrence Livermore National Lab: Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT)

Fluid sampling at Otway, Australia field test

Preliminary ERT results from SECARB Cranfield site

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Developing Intelligent Monitoring Systems for CCS MVA

• Intelligent monitoring systems integrate digital information technology with monitoring techniques to provide continuous data and control of reservoir operations and processes.

• West Virginia University Research Corporation is developing a system which incorporates Artificial Intelligence and Data Mining (AI&DM) pattern recognition technology

– System to be applied to detect leaks by recognizing changes in pressure patterns

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International Collaborations Enable MVA Validation

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Small-Scale Geologic Field Tests

BSCSP

WESTCARB SWP

PCOR

MGSC MRCSP

SECARB

1 12

21

14

7

9

16

15 5

2 6

Injection/Test Complete

2011 Injection Project moved to Phase III (Injection Summer 2011)

RCSP Formation Type

Geologic Province

Big Sky Saline Columbia Basin

MGSC Oil-bearing Saline Coal seam

Illinois Basin

MRCSP Saline

Cincinnati Arch, Michigan Basin, Appalachian Basin

PCOR Oil-bearing Coal seam

Keg River, Duperow, Williston Basin

SECARB Oil-bearing Saline Coal seam

Gulf Coast, Mississippi Salt Basin, Central Appalachian, Black Warrior Basin

SWP Oil-bearing Coal seam

Paradox Basin, Aneth Field, Permian Basin, San Juan Basin

WESTCARB Saline

Colorado Plateau

1

11

4

Saline formations (3,000 to 60,000 tons) Depleted oil fields (50 to 500,000 tons) Coal Seams (200 – 18,000 tons) Basalt formation (1,000 tons)

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8 3

10

13

17

19

2

5

6

9 8

12

14

16 15

19

11

4

7

20

3

10

13

17 18

Completed 18 Injections

Over 1.35 M Tons injected

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Partnership Geologic Province Storage Type

Big Sky Sweetgrass Arch- Duperow Formation Saline

MGSC Illinois Basin- Mt. Simon Sandstone Saline

MRCSP Michigan Basin- St Peter SS or Niagaran Reef Saline/Oil

PCOR

Powder River Basin- Muddy Formation Oil Bearing

Alberta Basin- Sulphur Point Formation Saline

SECARB

Interior Salt Basin- Tuscaloosa Formation Oil/Saline

Interior Salt Basin- Paluxy Formation Saline

SWP Wasatch Plateau- Navajo Sandstone Saline

WESTCARB Regional Characterization TBD

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7

3

1

2

4

6

5

9

Injection Ongoing

2011 Injection Scheduled

Injection Scheduled 2012-2015

Injection Targets -minimum planned volumes One injection commenced April 2009 Remaining injections scheduled 2011-2015

Injection to begin Sept/Oct 2011

Injection Started April 2009

Core Sampling Taken

Note: Some locations presented on map may differ from final injection location

Injection to begin December 2011

RCSP Phase III: Development Phase Large-Scale Geologic Tests

Characterization Well Initiated

Reservoir modeling initiated

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2

3

4

7

6

9

5

8

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Groundwater Protection is a Focus of Regional Partnership Field Tests

• Permitting

• Risk assessment

• Simulation

• Well construction

• Injection operations

• Monitoring

• Closure

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Multiple MVA Methods Employed at MGSC Decatur Test

Shallow groundwater wells, electrical resistivity, soil flux, and air sampling at surface

Pressure, temperature measurements; geophones; fluid sampling in deep subsurface

4-D seismic, micro seismic, and VSP for plume tracking Data network links subsurface and operational sensors

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Monitoring, Verification, and Accounting of CO2 Stored in Deep Geologic Formations

• Based on DOE Supported and

leveraged monitoring activities – RCSP Program – Core R&D – International Projects – Industrial applications

• Regulatory requirements and associated monitoring needs

• 35 Technologies divided into: – Primary – Secondary – Additional

• To be Updated 2012

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Systems Analysis Approach

• Evaluating all MVAA tools readiness levels • Putting them in boxes according to application and

phase of a storage project • Assessing SOTA costs • Assessing incremental improvements in cost and

performance • Mapping these to program goals

– 99% permanence – +/- 30 % capacity

• Assess benefit of R&D using NEMS

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Summary

• Existing tools can do the job • Advances in MVAA tools

– Reduce uncertainty – Reduce scope of monitoring – Leverage SOTA – Reduce project costs

• Intelligent network can improve performance – Increase efficiency – Reduce environmental footprint

• System analysis approach needed to measure benefits

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Questions ?