The Turning Point Science, Society, and the Rising Culture By Fritjof Capra 1982.
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Transcript of The Turning Point Science, Society, and the Rising Culture By Fritjof Capra 1982.
The Turning PointThe Turning Point
Science, Society, and the Science, Society, and the Rising CultureRising Culture
By Fritjof CapraBy Fritjof Capra19821982
Crisis: danger/opportunityCrisis: danger/opportunity
Cultural transformation follows a Cultural transformation follows a pattern of rise and fall.pattern of rise and fall.– Transition 1: Decline of patriarchyTransition 1: Decline of patriarchy
A shift in valuesA shift in values
– Transition 2: Decline of the fossil fuel ageTransition 2: Decline of the fossil fuel ageA shift in technology A shift in technology
– Transition 3: Paradigm ShiftTransition 3: Paradigm ShiftA shift in world views A shift in world views
“For the very first time we have to face the very real threat of extinction of the human race and of all life on this planet.” Capra, pg. 21
Cultural Values and AttitudesCultural Values and Attitudes
Yin (feminine)Yin (feminine)–ContractiveContractive–ConservativeConservative–ResponsiveResponsive–CooperativeCooperative–IntuitiveIntuitive–SynthesizingSynthesizing
◊Yang (masculine)−Expansive−Demanding−Aggressive −Competitive−Rational −Analytic
Cultural ImbalanceCultural Imbalance
“ “ Looking at this list of opposites (yin/yang), it is easy to see Looking at this list of opposites (yin/yang), it is easy to see that our society has consistently favored the yang over the that our society has consistently favored the yang over the yin…” Capra, pg. 39yin…” Capra, pg. 39
Rational knowledge over intuitive Rational knowledge over intuitive wisdomwisdom
Competition over cooperationCompetition over cooperation Exploitation of natural resources over Exploitation of natural resources over
conservationconservation
Fluctuation of Value SystemsFluctuation of Value Systems
Sensate: matter alone is the ultimate Sensate: matter alone is the ultimate realityreality
Ideational: true reality lies in the spiritual Ideational: true reality lies in the spiritual realmrealm
Idealistic: synthesizing stageIdealistic: synthesizing stage– Greek culture of the 5Greek culture of the 5thth and 6 and 6thth century century– European RenaissanceEuropean Renaissance
“In Sorokin’s model the current paradigm shift and the decline of the Industrial Age are another period of maturation and decline of sensate culture.” (Pitirim Sorokin, 1937-1941), Capra, pg. 31
Delphi, 2500 bpDelphi, 2500 bp
“The Greeks were essentially democratic…Normally, the citizens shared in all affairs of state …were united by a similar devotion of their religion, …festivals…love of music, the drama and the fine arts and by …sports.”
Temple of Apollo, Theatre, Treasuries, Stoas Fletcher, Banister. (1967). A History of Architeccture on the Comparative Method. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons.
The Louvre, 1852The Louvre, 1852
Architect Visconti presents plans for additions to the Louvre to Napoleon III. Pierre Lescot , 1510 -1571 is Architect of the Louvre.
Ericsson Corporate Plano,TXEricsson Corporate Plano,TX
Gideon Toal ArchitectsGreg Ibanez, AIA
Social Trends, 1988Social Trends, 1988
The Assumption of ResponsibilityThe Assumption of Responsibility The Renewal of IdealismThe Renewal of Idealism
Vision 2000: Trends Shaping Architecture’s Future
Values and LifestylesValues and Lifestyles
Outer-Directed “Achievers”Outer-Directed “Achievers”
YuppiesYuppies Inner-Directed “Societally Conscious”Inner-Directed “Societally Conscious”
HippiesHippies X Generation “nothing matters”X Generation “nothing matters” Integrateds “the ability to transcend”Integrateds “the ability to transcend”
a new synthesis (25–29% in 1988)a new synthesis (25–29% in 1988) Flatlanders, the new integrateds (you)Flatlanders, the new integrateds (you)
The Dark Side of GrowthThe Dark Side of Growth
Toxic Chemical WastesToxic Chemical Wastes Exorbitant use of PetroleumExorbitant use of Petroleum Growth of Nuclear PowerGrowth of Nuclear Power Unhealthy DietUnhealthy Diet Reliance on DrugsReliance on Drugs
“The fragmented, mechanistic world view that has become All-pervasive, and the one-sided, sensate and ‘yang-oriented’ Value system that is the basis of this world view, have led to a profound cultural imbalance and have generated numeroussymptoms of ill health.” Capra, pg. 234
Sprawl Sprawl http://www.sprawlcity.org/hbis/index.htmlhttp://www.sprawlcity.org/hbis/index.html
Amy Singer, artist
“Over a 20-year period, the 100 largest Urbanized Areas sprawled out over an additional 14,545 square miles. That was more than 9 million acres of natural habitats, farmland and other rural space that were covered over by the asphalt, buildings and sub-divisions of suburbia. “
The Era of RebuildingThe Era of Rebuilding
2020thth Century was an Century was an Era of BuildingEra of Building
2121stst Centruy Centruy – Long term growth in Long term growth in
rehabilitationrehabilitation– Lack of prime new Lack of prime new
urban sitesurban sites– Historic Historic
PreservationPreservation– Tax lawsTax laws
Driskill HotelAustin, Texas
Vision 2000: Trends Shaping Architecture’s Future
Penturbia Penturbia (Lessinger, Univ. of Washington)(Lessinger, Univ. of Washington)
Older Colonies to New ColoniesOlder Colonies to New Colonies Migration WestMigration West To the Industrial CitiesTo the Industrial Cities SuburbanizationSuburbanization Areas offering a “High Quality of Life”Areas offering a “High Quality of Life”
– From fragmentationFrom fragmentation– To intergrationTo intergration
Dallas StructureDallas Structure
1850River
1900Rail
1970Highway
Dallas Structure 21Dallas Structure 21stst Century Century
Urban VillageUrban Village
Frank Elmer Associates Ltd., Columbus, Ohio
A new town center for Channahon, Illinois.
Downtown Plano Transit VillageDowntown Plano Transit Village
2003-2004 CLIDE AWARDRedevelopment Landmark Award
Center for Development Excellence
Technological TrendsTechnological Trends
The Energy TransitionThe Energy Transition Biotechnology and Ecological DesignBiotechnology and Ecological Design
Village Homes, Davis, CA 1981 Michael and Judy Corbett
Vision 2000: Trends Shaping Architecture’s Future
Economic TrendsEconomic Trends
Globalization of the EconomyGlobalization of the Economy
Kaplan McLaughlin Diaz has done work on every continent except Antarctica. There is greater opportunity for and interest in high-level design overseas. Companies such as Charles Schwab call upon KMD to design their overseas offices.
Vision 2000: Trends Shaping Architecture’s Future
USA: Adapt or DeclineUSA: Adapt or Decline
““We have to make it work for We have to make it work for everyone to make it work for everyone to make it work for ourselves” Buckminster Fullerourselves” Buckminster Fuller
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), pact that calls for the gradual removal of tariffs and other trade barriers on most goods produced and sold in North America. NAFTA became effective in Canada, Mexico, and the United States on January 1, 1994. NAFTA forms the world's second largest free-trade zone, bringing together 365 million consumers in Canada, Mexico, and the United States in an open market. The largest free-trade zone is the European Economic Area which also became effective in 1994.
Worldview: machine/organismWorldview: machine/organism
Mechanistic viewMechanistic view– Decartes – Cartesian view of natureDecartes – Cartesian view of nature– Rational, analytic thinkingRational, analytic thinking– Fundamental building blocks Fundamental building blocks (separate parts)(separate parts)– Anti-ecologicalAnti-ecological
System Theory (living organism)System Theory (living organism)– Looks at the world in terms of the interrelatedness and Looks at the world in terms of the interrelatedness and
interdependence of all phenomenainterdependence of all phenomena– An integrated whole whose properties cannot be reduced to those An integrated whole whose properties cannot be reduced to those
of its parts. of its parts.
“Retreating into our minds, we have forgotten how to ‘think’ with ourbodies, how to use them as agents of knowing. In doing so we have also cut ourselves off from our natural environment and have forgotten how to commune and cooperate with its rich variety of living organisms.” Capra, pg. 40
Machines/OrganismMachines/Organism MachinesMachines
– ConstructedConstructed– ProductProduct– RigidRigid– Linear patternsLinear patterns– StaticStatic
•OrganismsOrganisms•GrownGrown•ProcessProcess•FlexibleFlexible•Cyclical patternsCyclical patterns•Self organizingSelf organizing
•Self renewalSelf renewal•Self-Self-transcendencetranscendence
…it is the interactions between the parts of a system that give rise to its emergent properties.
Hierarchical OrganizationHierarchical Organization
Collaboration NetworkCollaboration Network
The Systems View of LifeThe Systems View of Life
Basic principles of organizationBasic principles of organization– CellsCells– OrgansOrgans– OrganismsOrganisms– Social systems (ant hill, family)Social systems (ant hill, family)– Ecosystems (organisms and inanimate matter Ecosystems (organisms and inanimate matter
in mutual interaction)in mutual interaction)
“The new vision of reality we have been talking about is based on the awareness of the essential interrelatedness and interdependence of all phenomena _ physical, biological, psychological, social and cultural. It transcend current disciplinary and conceptual boundaries and will be pursed within new institutions.” Capra, pg. 265
Systems Thinking is Process Systems Thinking is Process ThinkingThinking
Form becomes associated with Form becomes associated with processprocess
Interrelation with interactionInterrelation with interaction Opposites are unified through Opposites are unified through
oscillationoscillation
Reduction and Holism, analysis and synthesis, are Reduction and Holism, analysis and synthesis, are complementary approaches that, used in proper complementary approaches that, used in proper balance, help us obtain a deeper knowledge of balance, help us obtain a deeper knowledge of life. life.
The Planet as a Living OrganismThe Planet as a Living Organism
Gaia hypothesis Gaia hypothesis (Greek goddess of (Greek goddess of the earth)the earth)
“Mind is the essence of being alive.” Gregory Bateson
Mind as a pattern of self-organization.
RhythmRhythm
Atoms are patterns of probability Atoms are patterns of probability waveswaves
Molecules are vibrating structuresMolecules are vibrating structures Organisms are multidimensional, Organisms are multidimensional,
interdependent patterns of interdependent patterns of fluctuations. fluctuations.
“The conceptual shift from structure to rhythm may be extremely useful in our attempts to find a unifying description of nature. Rhythmic patterns seem to be manifest at all levels” Capra, pg. 300
Synchrony with the UniverseSynchrony with the Universe“These moments of perfect rhythm, when everything feels exactly right and things are done with great ease, are high spiritual experiences in which every form of separateness or fragmentation is transcended.” Capra, pg. 302
Photo: Jerry Kneupper
Kimble Art MuseumFort Worth, TexasLouis Kahn, Architect
Mindwalk: Mindwalk: a film for passionate thinkersa film for passionate thinkers
Liv UllmannLiv Ullmann Sam WaterstonSam Waterston John HeardJohn Heard
Mont Saint Michel13th CenturyRestored byViollet-le-Duc19th CenturyFrench Romanesque-Gothic