Triumph of Parliament in England

Triumph of Parliament in England

The TudorsThe Tudor dynasty ruled England from 1485-1603King Henry VIII consulted ParliamentBreaking away from the Catholic ChurchPassing the Act of SupremacyRaising TaxesThe Tudors worked closely with Parliament

21603When Elizabeth I died in 1603, the throne passed to the Stuarts, the ruling family of ScotlandNot as skillful in dealing with ParliamentAsserted their divine right to ruleThe first Stuart monarch, James I, clashed withParliament over money and foreign policyAlso had trouble with the Puritans who wanted to purify England against Catholic practices

1625-1629When James I died, his son, Charles I, became king in 1625Behaved like an absolute monarchIn 1628, he needed Parliament to help him raise taxesParliament forced him to sign the Petition of RightProhibited the king from raising taxes without Parliaments consentIn 1629, Charles I dissolved Parliament

1640-1653To get funds to suppress the Scottish rebellion, Charles I had to summon Parliament in 1640Known as the Long ParliamentRefused to disbandLasted on and off until 1653

1642Charles I tried to sent troops in to arrest the rebel leaders of the Long ParliamentBegan the English Civil WarFought between the Cavaliers and the RoundheadsCavaliers- supporters of Charles IWealthy nobles, well-trainedRoundheads- supporters of Oliver CromwellPuritans, countrymenOliver Cromwell was a skilled general1642-1649Charles I and his Cavaliers were defeated by Oliver Cromwell and his Roundheads by 1647Parliament put King Charles I on trialCondemned him to deathFirst time a ruling monarch has been tried and convicted by his own peopleBeheaded in 1649England was declared a republic led by Oliver CromwellHorrible Histories-English Civil War

1650sIn the 1650s, the House of Commons abolished the monarchy, the House of Lords, and the Church of EnglandDeclared England a republic known as the Commonwealth, under Oliver CromwellCommonwealth was a Puritan societySupporters of Charles II, the uncrowned heir to the throne, lashed out in Ireland and ScotlandCromwell took harsh measures against themCromwell took the title Lord Protector in 1653Died in 1658

1660sAfter Cromwell died, Puritans lost their grip on EnglandPeople were sick of military rule and Puritan waysIn the 1660s, Parliament invited Charles II to return to England from exileThe monarchy was restored in England

1688-1689Charles II was a popular ruler, and accepted the Petition of RightCharles IIs brother, James II, inherited the throne in 1658In 1688, parliamentary leaders invited his protestant daughter Mary, and her husband William III of Orange to rule England (Glorious Revolution)The new monarchs had to accept the English Bill of RightsEnsured Parliaments superiority over the kingReinstated traditional rights like trial by juryReaffirmed habeas corpusGranted religious toleration