The Truth About Painkillers
-
Upload
officialdfw -
Category
Documents
-
view
220 -
download
0
Transcript of The Truth About Painkillers
-
8/9/2019 The Truth About Painkillers
1/24
drugfreeworld.org
The TruTh abouT
painkillers
-
8/9/2019 The Truth About Painkillers
2/24
2
WHY THIS BOOKLETWAS PRODUCED
T is lt f tlk t dgs in t wldn t stts,t scl, n t Intnt nd TV. Sm f it is t, sm nt.Mc f wt y t dgs ctlly cms fm ts slling
tm. rfmd dg dls v cnfssd ty wld v sidnyting t gt ts t y dgs.
Dnt fld. Y nd fcts t vid cming kd n dgsnd t lp y finds sty ff tm. Tt is wy w v ppdtis kltf y.
Y fdck is imptnt t s, s w lk fwd t ing fmy. Y cn visit s n t w t drugfreeworld.org nd mil s
-
8/9/2019 The Truth About Painkillers
3/24
PrescriptionpainkillerAbuse
3
While the use of many street drugs ison a slight decline in the US, abuse ofprescription drugs is growing. In 2007,2.5 million Americans abused prescription drugsfor the first time, compared to 2.1 million who usedmarijuana for the first time.
Among teens, prescription drugs are the mostcommonly used drugs next to marijuana, andalmost half of the teens abusing prescription drugsare taking painkillers.
Why are so many young people turning toprescription drugs to get high?
By survey, almost 50% of teens believe that takingprescription drugs is much safer than using illegalstreet drugs.
What is not known bymost of these youngpeople is the risk theyare taking by consumingthese highly potentand mindalteringdrugs. Longterm useof painkillers can leadto dependence, evenfor people who are prescribed them to relieve amedical condition but eventually fall into the trapof abuse and addiction.
In some cases, the dangers of painkillers dont
surface until it is too late. In 2007, for example,abuse of the painkiller Fentanyl killed more than1,000 people. The drug was found to be 30 to 50times more powerful than heroin.
-
8/9/2019 The Truth About Painkillers
4/24
4
psciptin pinkills pwfl dgstt intf wit t nvs systmstnsmissin f t nv signls w
pciv s pin. Mst pinkills ls stimltptins f t in sscitd wit pls.Ts, in dditin t lcking pin, ty pdc ig.
T mst pwfl psciptin pinkills clld piids, wic pimlik* cmpnds.
Ty mnfctd t ct n t nvssystm in t sm wy s dgs divd fm tpim pppy, lik in. T mst cmmnlysd piid pinkills incld xycdn,ydcdn, mpidin, ydmpn nd
ppxypn.
What are painkillers?
* pim: wnis, gmmy xtct fm t pim pppy.
-
8/9/2019 The Truth About Painkillers
5/24
5
tis dg v incsd significntly in cntys, s s its illicit s.
Mpidin (nd nm Dml) ndydmpn (Dildid) cm in tltsnd ppxypn (Dvn) in cpsls, tll t v n knwn t csd ndinjctd, sntd smkd. Dvn, nndin t uK sinc 2005, is mng t tp tndgs ptd in dg s dts in t uS.
Dildid, cnsidd igt tims m ptnttn mpin, is ftn clld dg stin n t stts.
oxycdn s t gtst ptntil fs nd t gtst dngs. It is s
pwfl s in nd ffcts t nvssystm t sm wy. oxycdn is sldnd mny td nms, sc s Pcdn,enddn, rxipin, Pcct, endct, rxictnd oxyCntin. It cms in tlt fm.
hydcdn is sd in cmintin witt cmicls nd is vill in psciptin
pin mdictins s tlts, cpsls ndsyps. Td nms incld anxsi, Dicdid,hycdn, hycmin, Lct, Lt, Nc,Tssinx nd Vicdin. Sls nd pdctin f
-
8/9/2019 The Truth About Painkillers
6/24
6
a g of 20, i bm o o*
wic gn wit psciptin fllwing sgy. In t wks
tt fllwd [t ptin] in dditin t lly sing t tlt,
csing it p nld m t dsty t cntlld ls mcnism
nd t swllw snt t dg. i o b j o
ou fg o oog o. T pysiclwitdwl fm t dg is nting st f gnizing pin.
Jms
* nctic: dg ffcting t cntl nvs systm (in nd spinl cd), wic cn cs dizzinss, lck f cdintinnd ncnscisnss.
-
8/9/2019 The Truth About Painkillers
7/24
G nm B nm s nm
s nm for p
7
Oxycodone
Hydrocodone
Propoxyphene
Hydromorphone
Meperidine
OxyContin, Percodan,Percocet, Roxiprin,Roxicet, Endodan,Endocet
Anexsia, Dicodid,Hycodan, Hycomine,Lorcet, Lortab, Norco,Tussionex, Vicodin
Darvon
Dilaudid
Demerol
Oxy 80s, oxycotton,oxycet, hillbilly heroin,percs, perks
pain killer, vikes,hydros
pinks, footballs, pinkfootballs, yellowfootballs, 65s, Ns
juice, dillies, drug streetheroin
demmies, pain killer
-
8/9/2019 The Truth About Painkillers
8/24
8
I m o o mo.I fist sttd tking psciptin pinkills [sm] ys g wn
my dct pscid tm t tt pstsgicl pin fllwing spinlsgy. . . . ov t pst svl ys i o b m
o nd, in fct, twic cckd myslf int
mdicl fcilitis in n ttmpt t d s. [I v] cntly gd witmy pysicin t t nxt stps.
excptd fm di cmmntt rs Limgs ni sttmnt,
Fidy, oct. 10, 2003, ccding t Pmi rdi, is dcst.
Understanding Why PainkillersBecome So
addictiveOpioid painkillers produce a shortlivedeuphoria, but they are also addictive.Longterm use of painkillers can lead
to physical dependence. The body adaptsto the presence of the substance and if onestops taking the drug abruptly, withdrawalsymptoms occur. Or the body could build up
a tolerance to the drug, meaning that higherdoses have to be taken to achieve the sameeffects.
Like all drugs, painkillers simply mask the painfor which they are taken. They dont cureanything. Someone continuously trying to dullthe pain may find himself taking higher and
-
8/9/2019 The Truth About Painkillers
9/24
9
Family members protest deadlypainkillers. Rehab experts say addictionto powerful painkillers such as OxyContinis among the hardest of all to kick.
higher dosesonly to discover that he cannotmake it through the day without the drug.
Symptoms of withdrawal can includerestlessness, muscle and bone pain, insomnia,diarrhea, vomiting, cold flashes with goosebumps (known as cold turkey), andinvoluntary leg movements.
One of the serious risks of opioids isrespiratory depressionhigh doses can causebreathing to slow down to the point it stopsand the user dies.
-
8/9/2019 The Truth About Painkillers
10/24
10
OxcoThe Hillbilly Heroin
Because it reacts on the nervoussystem like heroin or opium, someabusers are using one brand ofoxycodone painkiller, OxyContin, as asubstitute for, or supplement to, streetopiates like heroin.
Armed robberies of pharmacies haveoccurred where the robber demandedonly OxyContin, not cash. In some areas,particularly the Eastern United States,OxyContin has been the drug of greatestconcern to law enforcement authorities.
OxyContin, widely known as hillbilly
heroin because of its abuse in Appalachian
communities, has emerged as a major crimeproblem in the US. In one county, it wasestimated that addiction to this drug wasbehind 80% of the crime.
-
8/9/2019 The Truth About Painkillers
11/24
11
I didnt tink I d dg
plmi w bug
b m[dgst]. It didnt ffct my
wk. I wld fl it tid in
t mnings, t nting m.
T fct tt I d plm
cm t d wn I tk nvds f t 40 tlts
nd fou mf o. I spnt 12 wksin t clinic cnqing my
ddictin.
alx
-
8/9/2019 The Truth About Painkillers
12/24
12
Ptty mc s lng s I cn mm
Iv d igs nd lws. I wld gt
sily pst y t littlst tings,
i wou g oubu, t smn f n sn t ll. F
lng wil I d tgt I ws ipl.
I sttd sing dgs lst oct t lpm wit my nwntd flings. bt
liv it nt, ju m uffwo! I d t nw dl wit my ddictinnd my mtinl plms.
Tms
-
8/9/2019 The Truth About Painkillers
13/24
13
Mental & Physiologicaleff of p constipation
nausea
vomiting
dizziness
confusion
addiction unconsciousness
respiratory depression
increased risk of heart attack
coma
death
-
8/9/2019 The Truth About Painkillers
14/24
14
Highly addictive
opiates, derived
from the opium
poppy, have
been used for
thousands of
years for both
recreationaland medicinal
purposes.
p:
a shOrt histOryOpiates, originally derived fromthe opium poppy, have been usedfor thousands of years for bothrecreational and medicinal purposes. The mostactive substance in opium is morphinenamedafter Morpheus, the Greek god of dreams.Morphine is a very powerful painkiller, but it is
also very addictive.In the 16th century, laudanum, opium preparedin an alcoholic solution, was used as apainkiller.
Morphine was first extracted from opium in apure form in the early 19th century. It was usedwidely as a painkiller during the American Civil
War, and many soldiers became addicted.
-
8/9/2019 The Truth About Painkillers
15/24
15
Morphine, the mosactive substanc
in opium, is a verpowerful painkillethat hooked man
US Civil War soldier
-
8/9/2019 The Truth About Painkillers
16/24
16
A bottle
of codeine
tabletsall
opiates
temporarily
relieve pain
but are highlyaddictive.
Codeine, a less powerful drug that is found inopium but can be synthesized (manmade), wasfirst isolated in 1830 in France by JeanPierreRobiquet, to replace raw opium for medicalpurposes. It is used mainly as a cough remedy.
Throughout the early 19th century, therecreational use of opium grew and by 1830,the British dependence on the drug reachedan alltime high. The British sent warshipsto the coast of China in 1839 in response toChinas attempt to suppress the opium traffic,beginning the First Opium War.
In 1874, chemists trying to find a less addictiveform of morphine made heroin. But heroin hadtwice the potency of morphine, and heroinaddiction soon became a serious problem.
The US Congress banned opium in 1905 and thenext year passed the Pure Food and Drug Actrequiring contents labeling on all medicines.
Methadone was first synthesized in 1937by German scientists Max Bockmhl and
-
8/9/2019 The Truth About Painkillers
17/24
The stamp of IG Farben, the
German company whose
chemists Bockmhl and Ehrhartdeveloped the formula for
methadone (right)a synthetic
form of heroin.
Gustav Ehrhart at the IG Farben company.They were searching for a painkiller thatwould be easier to use during surgery, with lessaddiction potential than morphine or heroin.
Yet methadone is believed by many to be evenmore addictive than heroin.
Meanwhile, the illegal opium trade boomed.By 1995, Southeast Asia was producing2,500 tons annually.
New painkillers came on the marketwith approval from the Food and Drug
Administration: Vicodin in 1984, OxyContinin 1995 and Percocet in 1999. Theseare all synthetic (manmade) opiateswhich mimic (imitate) the bodys ownpainkillers.
-
8/9/2019 The Truth About Painkillers
18/24
18
io
samong those using illicit drugs for thefirst time in 2007, the most popularsubstances were marijuana andprescription painkillerseach used by roughlythe same number of Americans aged 12 andolder. Nonmedical use of painkillers rose 12%.
One in 10 high school seniors in the US admitsto abusing prescription painkillers.
Misuse of painkillers represents threefourthsof the overall problem of prescription drugabuse. The painkiller hydrocodone is the mostcommonly diverted and abused controlledpharmaceutical in the US.
Methadone, once used in addiction treatmentcenters and now used by doctors as a painkiller,
was found as the cause of 785 deaths inone state alone, Florida, in 2007.
Prescription drug abuse is also climbingin older Americans, particularlyinvolving antianxiety drugs suchas Xanax and painkillers such as
OxyContin.
In the UK, tens of thousands of peopleare said to be dependent on painkillerssuch as Solpadeine and Neurofen Plus.
Doctors and rehabilitation therapistsreport that prescription painkiller abuseis one of the most difficult addictionsto treat.
-
8/9/2019 The Truth About Painkillers
19/24
19
Mst cmmnly pscid pinkills(oxyCntin, Vicdin, Mtdn, Dvct,
Lt, Lct nd Pcct), wil ffing liffm pin, cn ls cs individls dis t sttnding t dgs in d t fl jst nml.
h tn wning signs t wtc f if ytink smn y knw my xpincing dpndncy n ts dgs:
1. usg incs: incs f ns ds v
tim, s slt f gwing tlnt t t dgnd nding m t gt t sm ffct.
2. Cng in psnlity: sifts in ngy, md,nd cncnttin s slt f vydyspnsiilitis cming scndy t tnd f t dg.
3. Scil witdwl: witdwl fm fmily ndfinds.
4. onging s: cntind s f pinkills ftt mdicl cnditin ty w mnt tliv s impvd.
5. Tim spnt n tining psciptins: spndinglg mnts f tim diving gt distncs
nd visiting mltipl dcts t tin t dgs.6. Cng in dily its nd ppnc: dclin
in psnl ygin; cng in slping ndting its; cnstnt cg, nning nsnd d, glzd ys.
7. Nglcts spnsiilitis: nglct f sldcs nd ills; clling in sick t scl wkm ftn.
8. Incsd snsitivity: nml sigts, snds ndmtins cming vly stimlting t tpsn; llcintins.
9. blckts nd fgtflnss: fgtting vntstt v tkn plc nd xpincinglckts.
10. Dfnsivnss: cming dfnsiv nd
lsing t in spns t simpl qstins inn ttmpt t id dg dpndncy, if ssfl ti sct is ing discvd.
Wg sgof po p d
-
8/9/2019 The Truth About Painkillers
20/24
20
The Truth
About DrugsDrugs are essentially poisons. The amounttaken determines the effect.A small amount acts as a stimulant (speeds youup). A greater amount acts as a sedative (slows
you down). An even larger amount poisons andcan kill.
This is true of any drug. Only the amount neededto achieve the effect differs.
But many drugs have another liability: theydirectly affect the mind. They can distort the users
perception of what is happening around him orher. As a result, the persons actions may be odd,irrational, inappropriate and even destructive.
Drugs block off all sensations, the desirable oneswith the unwanted. So, while providing shorttermhelp in the relief of pain, they also wipe out abilityand alertness and muddy ones thinking.
Medicines are drugs that are intended to speed upor slow down or change something about the wayyour body is working, to try to make it work better.Sometimes they are necessary. But they are stilldrugs: they act as stimulants or sedatives, and toomuch can kill you. So if you do not use medicinesas they are supposed to be used, they can be asdangerous as illegal drugs.
-
8/9/2019 The Truth About Painkillers
21/24
21
The real answer is to getthe facts and not to take
drugs in the first place.
-
8/9/2019 The Truth About Painkillers
22/24
22
People take drugs because they want tochange something in their lives.
Here are some of the reasons youngpeople have given for taking drugs:
To fit in
To escape or relax
To relieve boredom
To seem grown up
To rebel
To experiment
They think drugs are a solution. Buteventually, the drugs become the
problem.
Difficult as it may be to face onesproblems, the consequences of drug useare always worse than the problem oneis trying to solve with them. The realanswer is to get the facts and not to take
drugs in the first place.
WHY DO PEOPLE TAKE DRUGS?
-
8/9/2019 The Truth About Painkillers
23/24
23
REFERENCES:
Drug Enforcement AdministrationFact Sheet on Prescription DrugAbuse
Older Americans fight drug abuse,
3 Jul 2008, International HeraldTribune
Methadone rises as a painkillerwith big risks, 17 Aug 2008,International Herald Tribune
Nurofen Plus to remain on sale,6 Aug 2008
Warning on painkillers, 5 April2007, Financial Times
2007 National Survey on DrugUse and Health, U.S. SubstanceAbuse and Mental Health ServicesAdministration
Depressants, U.S. Departmentof Health & Human Services andSAMHSAs National Clearinghousefor Alcohol & Drug Information
ABC of drugs, channel4.com
A Brief History of Opium,opioids.com
OxyContin Information, NationalClearinghouse on Alcohol and DrugInformation
OxyContin: Prescription Drug AbuseAdvisory, Center for SubstanceAbuse Treatment (CSAT)
National Institute on Drug Abuse(NIDA), Info Facts: Prescription Pain
and Other MedicationsNational Institute on Drug AbuseResearch Report, PrescriptionDrugs, Abuse and Addiction 2001
Some Commonly PrescribedMedications: Use andConsequences, National Instituteon Drug Abuse
National Institute of Justice, Drugand Alcohol Use and Related
Matters Among Arrestees, 2003
U.S. Office of National Drug ControlPolicy, Drug Facts: OxyContin, andPrescription Drug Facts & Figures
New Report Reveals More Than1000 People Died in Illegal FentanylEpidemic of 20052007, SubstanceAbuse and Mental Health ServicesAdministration
Teen OTC & PrescriptionDrug Abuse,teenoverthecounterdrugabuse.com
PHOTO CREDITS: Page 9:OxyABUSEkills.com/protest; Page14 & 15: AP Wideworld.
Millions of copies of booklets such asthis have been distributed to peoplearound the world in 22 languages. Asnew drugs appear on the streets and mor
information about their effects becomesknown, existing booklets are updated annew ones created.
The booklets are published by theFoundation for a DrugFree World, anonprofit public benefit organizationheadquartered in Los Angeles, California
The Foundation provides educationalmaterials, advice and coordination for itsinternational drug prevention network.It works with youth, parents, educators,volunteer organizations and governmenagenciesanyone with an interest in
helping people lead lives free from drugabuse.
-
8/9/2019 The Truth About Painkillers
24/24
For more information or to obtain more copiesof this or other booklets in this series, contact:
Foundation for a DrugFree World
1626 N. Wilcox Avenue, #1297
Los Angeles, CA 90028 USA
drugfreeworld.org email: [email protected]
Pn: 1888 No To DruGS (1888 6686378)
FACTS YOU NEED TO KNOW
This booklet is one in a series of publications that cover the facts about marijuana, alcohol,
Ecstasy, cocaine, crack cocaine, crystal meth and methamphetamine, inhalants, heroin,
LSD and prescription drug abuse. Armed with this information, the reader can make thedecision to live a drugfree life.
2008 Foundation for a DrugFree World. All Rights Reserved. The Foundation logo is a trademark owned by theFoundation for a DrugFree World. Item #C6231 USENG
TM