The Treaty of Versailles & Interwar Germany How did WWI, the Treaty of Versailles, and the Great...
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The Treaty of Versailles & Interwar Germany
How did WWI, the Treaty of Versailles, and the Great
Depression affect the German people?
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The Treaty of Versailles
The Five Key Clauses: The War Guilt Clause (Article 231) The Reparations Clause (Article 232) The Mandates Clause (Article 22) The Covenant Clause (Article 10) The Disarmament Clause (Article 160)
The treaty effectively stripped Germany of all power and crippled the economy
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The Covenant Clause
Clause: Article 10 of the Treaty of Versailles dealt with the
establishment of a “covenant of nations” called the League of Nations
Effects: While the League’s goals for world peace were
lofty, it suffered from an inability to hold any members to its decisions and it lacked two key members: the United States and Russia (except between 1934-1939 as the U.S.S.R.)
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The failure of the U.S. to enter the League of Nations contributed to its weakness.
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The Mandates Clause
Clause: Article 22 of the Treaty of Versailles took away
much of Germany’s land and gave control of the German and the Austro-Hungarian colonies to the League of Nations
Effects: The loss of land hurt the national pride of
Germans and contributed to the crippling of the German economy (the ceded regions were rich in natural resources).
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German land ceded to form new nations and to form a buffer zone for France
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The War Guilt Clause
Clause: Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles forced
Germany to admit responsibility for the war
Effects: As Germans continued to suffer due to the effects
of the harsh terms of the treaty, increasing numbers of militants and leaders used the war guilt clause and the Treaty of Versailles as a scapegoat for the economic depression that devastated Germany after WWI
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The War Guilt Clause
The Allied and Associated Governments affirm and Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her allies.
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The Reparations ClauseClause: Article 232 of the Treaty of Versailles required
Germany to pay the Allied Nations sums equal to the damage done to the civilian population and their property during the war
Effects: Already crippled by war, so much money is
funneled out of Germany as a result of war debts that the German economy descends into a deep depression.
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The German mark was so worthless that kids used stacks of it as building blocks
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The Disarmament ClauseClause: Article 160 of the Treaty of Versailles limited the
German military: Later articles also limited the munitions, armaments,
and manufacturing capabilities of the German military
Effects: Germany’s pride was bruised, but more importantly
because one of the cornerstones of German industry was military armaments and weapons factories, the restrictions on production further weakened the German economy.
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The Disarmament Clause
…the German Army must not comprisemore than seven divisions of infantry and three divisions ofcavalry.
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The German Response
Germany was forced to sign under threat of renewing war
Punishment sowed seeds of bitterness
Further divided Europe
The discontent of the people and economic depression are used by Hitler and the Nazis to gain power
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The Inflation AuctionThe dice dictate how much money you get per round
There will be 3 rounds, roll before each
You may keep your money between rounds (but must give it back at the end of the auction…please do not write on or otherwise destroy the money)
The items to be auctioned will be announced and bid upon as quickly as possible
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German Hyperinflation
Between 1919 and 1923 Germany experienced hyperinflation—a devaluation of money by more than 50% a month
As inflation spiraled out of control the German people increasingly looked to strong leaders and political parties that offered solutions to Germany’s problems
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The Great Depression
Overproduction, increasing international protectionism, overextensions of consumer credit, and poor regulation of the money supply lead to a drastic drop in economic consumption and production
As the economy faltered, people lost faith in banks, unemployment soared, and governments increasingly isolated themselves
German unemployment reached over 25% nationwide, with much higher percentages in most major cities
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The Weimar RepublicAt the end of WWI the German government collapsed. Kaiser Wilhelm II gave up the throne and the Weimar Republic was established
The Weimar Republic lasted 14 years. In 1932 the Nazis gained control of the Reichstag, soon after Hitler was appointed Chancellor of the republic—he was never elected to lead Germany
The rise of the Nazis signaled the end of the Weimar Republic
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Sources
Google Images
http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/
http://www.firstworldwar.com