The transition towards a Circular Bioeconomy · Europe’s bio-based and circular economies:...

www.greenchemistry.net

The transition towards a

Circular Bioeconomy

Professor James Clark

Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence (UK)Greenchemistry.net

[email protected]


The 20th century was the age of

Petrochemicals

Fuels

Solvent

Bulk Chemicals

Plastics

Fibres

Fine Chemicals

Oils Petroleum feedstock

and Chemistry including chemistry education as well

as the chemical industry has been based on this


We are heavily reliant on non-renewables......but our

crude oil reserves are finite

> 90% of chemicals are manufactured from oil and gas

and often using old, dirty and inefficient processes

Time is running out for petrochemical

feedstocks…and for other resources...


Elemental unsustainability

We are “running out” of many critical elements

And the remaining virgin resources are concentrated in a few regions


Not a lot of recycling

So much ends up in waste…..


Instead of a problem, waste

can become tomorrows resource


Fuels

Solvent

Bulk chemicals

Plastics

Fibres

Fine chemicals

Oils

Bio-refinery –Using a renewable carbon feedstock we all have

Biomass

Don’t use food quality feedstocks!!


And including chemicals from biomass…the only logical sustainable

source of carbon for the $3 trillion chemical industry


The circular bio-economy is a global priority


The demand for Green Chemicals is growing rapidly

And the investors are following…...

Avantium IPO raises €103 M on Euronext


But using renewable resources is not enough…

Palm oil:

Natural

Renewable

Biodegradable

Versatile

Big volumes

(UK import = 1Mt/year)

BUT

Growth of palm oil plantations causing

orang-utans’ decline

5,000 orang-utans perishing every year!

Waste biomass:

http://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=www.easisites.co.uk/housepics/bale_of_straw.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.easisites.co.uk/page.html?SiteID=jcjeffery&View=2&h=300&w=300&sz=19&tbnid=TLADCzXMl8wJ:&tbnh=111&tbnw=111&prev=/images?q=bale+++straw&start=260&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&sa=N

http://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=www.easisites.co.uk/housepics/bale_of_straw.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.easisites.co.uk/page.html?SiteID=jcjeffery&View=2&h=300&w=300&sz=19&tbnid=TLADCzXMl8wJ:&tbnh=111&tbnw=111&prev=/images?q=bale+++straw&start=260&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&sa=N


1st Generation 2nd Generation 3rd Generation

Bio

ma

ssB

iore

fin

ery

FoodStarch, sugar, oils

Food wasteinedible lignocellulose

(cellulosic bio-ethanol),

municipal waste

Unrelated to food and

agricultural land useCO2 utilisation, algae

products

One feedstock

Multiple product

options

One feedstock

One product stream

Multiple feedstock

streams(whole crop)

Multiple product

options

www.greenchemistry.netJohan Sanders - Wageningen University, The Netherlands Biorefinery,

the bridge between Agriculture and Chemistry

75 billion €

60€/ T of biomass

1200 Mt CO2 savings

97 billion €

80€/ T of biomass

1200 Mt CO2 savings

180 billion €

140€/ T of biomass

1500 Mt CO2 savings

Biorefining will improve the process economics

125 M hectare = 0.8% world land area

Prosperity directly correlates with available energy….but the products

prosperous people consume are made from chemicals....

But we do need at least 25% bio-energy to restrain climate change


Europe’s bio-based and circular economies:

Standards and regulation

Mandated standardisation –Voluntary trade documents

Directives – Centrally determined targets

Regulation – Enforced laws

Bio-based products

Renewable energy, emissions, waste, and the circular economy

REACH, CLP


Fossil reserves

Not recirculated

Bio-based carbon

Fossil carbon

C

CSustainability criteria (EN 16751)

Bio-based content

(CEN/TS 16640)Biomass sustainability

(e.g. PEFC ST 1003) &

waste feedstocks

(e.g. ISCC PLUS 260-05)

End-of-life options:

•Mechanical recycling

•Chemical recycling

•Biodegradation

Vertical

standards (e.g.

CEN/TS

16766)

and ecolabels

C

C

renew loop

recycle loop

reuse loop


• ••

••

•

WORLD

• Rice husks 110 million T/yr

• Citrus peel residue 15.6

million T/yr

• Apple pomace 3-4.2 million

T/yr

• Grape pomace 5-9 million T/yr

• Banana peels 9 million T/yr

• Kiwi residue 0.3 million T/yr

AFRICA

• Citrus waste 139,724 T/yr (South Africa)

• Cocoa pods 20 million T/yr (Ivory Coast)

• Cashew Shell Nut Liquid 20,000 T/yr (Tanzania)

U.S.A.

• Whey 43,091,275 T/yr

• Corn stover 80–100 million T/yr (dry basis)

California:

• Vegetable crop residue 1 million T/yr (dry basis)

• Tomato pomace 60,000 T/yr (dry basis)

• Nut shells & pits 40,000 T/yr

• Meat processing waste 65,000 T/yr (dry basis)

• Food scraps in MSW 1.6-2 million T/yr (dry basis)

E.U.

• Starch 8 million T/yr

• Tomato pomace 4 million T/yr

• Post manufacturing food waste 34 million T/yr

• Used cooking oil 0.7-1 million T/yr

• Surplus whey 13,462 T/yr

• Surplus wheat straw 5.7 million T/yr (UK)

• Bread surplus 680,000 T/yr (UK)

• Citrus waste 0.6 million T/yr (Spain)

ASIA

• Palm oil 15.8 million T/yr (Indonesia)

• Food waste 1.2 million T/yr (Hong Kong)

• 25 millon T rice straw burned in open

fields (Vietnam)

MEDITERRANEAN BASIN

• Olive mill residue 30 million T/yr

BRAZIL

• Sugar cane bagasse 376.5

million T/yr

• Corn residue 41.7 million T/yr

• Cassava residue 51.6 million T/yr

• Rice straw 4.5 million T/yr

• Wheat straw 5.4 million T/yr

• Citrus residues 9.4 million T/yr

Theres a lot of Food Waste

1.3 bn MT edible waste

3? bn MT inedible FSCW

<1 bn needed for the chemical industry


Food waste valorisation for sustainable

chemicals, materials and fuels (EUBIS)

TD1203

300+ partners from 35 countries

Networks – the worlds largest on food waste…

No 1 COST Story for 2014

Now the World Food Waste Network…worldfoodwaste.org


And now Columbia, France,

Germany, Holland, Nigeria….

G2C2 – Global Green Chemistry Centres- helping to meet

The global demand


Waste orange peel as a biorefinery feedstock:the new OPEC

50 wt% peel waste

contains:

3.8% D-limonene

4.5% flavonoids

20-30% pectin

9.57% sugars

1. Food industry

2. Foodsupply chain

waste

3. WASTE BIOREFINERY

4. Marketable, sustainable

& bio-derived products

Integrated

microwave

waste

biorefinery

50% waste

31.2 million T/y

of citrus fruits

are processed

globally

yielding

15.6 million T of

citrus peel

waste

EES, 2013, 426; Catalysis Today, 2015, 239, 80-89.


A new and different industry…...

That will need new chemistries

supported by new educational syllabuses


Adhesives

Solvent is needed

in manufacturing

& processing

Solvent used

for washing

Market: 20 Million

Tonnes /year

ESIG data, 1997


echa.europa.eu/regulations/reach/authorisation/the-candidate-list

echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table

REACHRegulation (EC 1907/2006)

Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC)

An opportunity for bio-based solvents?


A geo-technical analysis of

one bio-based solventIt can make a difference but only in some regions


There is a lot of legislative pressure on solvents – eg NMP is under public

consultation to go on the Authorisation list…...

A bio-based alternative for dipolar aprotic solvents

Image credit:

Andrew Hunt

SOLVENTS


Opportunities for Paper and Pulp and

Other cellulose-rich sites….....

A Capital JV between Circa and Norske-Skog exploiting

a technology JV between Circa and the GCCE


£220Bn Gross Value Added (GVA)

5.2 million jobs.

13.6% of total GVA

≈ combined value of the construction and financial services

UK ranked number one globally for research and innovation

for the bioeconomy

UK

Industrial

Strategy

UK

Bioeconomy

strategy

The bio-economy is a UK priority


Focus areas

Value from biowaste

Next generation biofuels and biorefineries

High value chemicals from plants and microbes

Agricultural technologies

What is BioVale?Biovale is an innovation cluster that aims to establish the Y&H region as an internationally relevant centre

for R&D in the circular bio-economy

SMEs (Brocklesby, Precision Decisions, STC)

Big industry (Drax, AB Agri, Croda,

Farmers (NFU),Investors

Knowledge base (UoY, Fera)

Policy makers (CYC, LEP)


Why Yorkshire & Humber?

world-class RD&D

innovative agriculture

bio-based industry

food,

chemicals

biofuel

energy

Y&H has a unique complement of

bioeconomy assets


York, the University of York and the Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence

Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence

Biorenewables Development Centre


Green Chemistry@York

Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence

Chemistry Department

University of York, UK

The world’s leading Centre for Green and Sustainable

research, training and commercialisation


RenewChem

To create an internationally-leading bioeconomy hub

for training and research

Helping to translate the science of waste as a resource

to the sustainable and resilient manufacturing

of high value chemicals and eco-friendly products

AND….produce the future bio-economy leaders

And new education must parallel new technology….


Research

Industry

Networking

Education


The transition towards a Circular Bioeconomy · Europe’s bio-based and circular economies:...

Documents

Transcript of The transition towards a Circular Bioeconomy · Europe’s bio-based and circular economies:...