The Transformative Power of Europe Reloaded. The Limits of External Europeanization

8/22/2019 The Transformative Power of Europe Reloaded. The Limits of External Europeanization

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T T P EReloaded

The Limits of External Europeanizaon

Tj A. Bz

No. 11 | February 2010

Working Paper


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2 | KFG Working Paper No. 11 | February 2010

KFG Working Paper Series

Edited by the Kolleg-Forschergruppe T T P E

T KFG W P S c Kolleg-Forschergruppe

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P S, N. 11, F 2010, K-Fc (KFG) T T P E, F U

Berlin.

ISSN 1868-6834 (P)

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The Transformative Power of Europe Reloaded | 3

The Transformative Power of Europe Reloaded

The Limits of External Europeanization

Tanja A. Brzel

F U B

Abstract

W E U (EU) , Ez

- x. T x x x Ez

c EU S E E , c

c c cc c c

. T Ez W

c c c c EU. T, I z

c Ez E c c q c

c EU C E E (CEE) c c EU 15 (

2004 ). T c x cc

c c qc c, c E

N C (ENC), c c E

c EU c c. I

EU j

cc x c EU . T cc

c c c EU c c c

c c W B T.

T Ar

Tanja A. Brzel P Pc Scc c E

I O S I Pc Scc, F U B.

H c cc q Gc, c

Ez c

E U. Sc Oc 2008, c Rc

C T T P E T R.

Cc: @z.-.


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Contents

1. Ic 5

2. Ez W: T Dc Ic E

O M S 6

3. Ez G E: T Dc Ic E

CEE Acc S 9

4. H (B) B: T Dc Ic E

N C 11

4.1 Drawing Closer to Europe 14

4.2 ProhibiveCostsbutLilePressureofAdaptaon 15

4.3ReinforcingRatherThanTransformingDomescStructures? 21

5. Cc 22

L 25


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1. Ic1

W - cc E U (EU), E

c c c E c

, c, c c . E c q

x Ez c c

cc c c c c EU c

c. W Ez C E E (CEE) cc

c (CEE 10) (EU 15)

c c xc, c c. T

c jc c cc c, c c c

Ez c cqc , c

c c EU.

W EU , Ez

- x. A c CEE W B c EU

c c N I S (NIS)

S U c EU. I c,

, EU (E C 2003)

c c EU

c c cc. U CEE , ,

c c cc

c cc. T W B. B ,

E c, .

N jc - cz

c, c EU , .

T x x x Ez c EU

S E E , c c

c cc c c .2 I

Ez W c c

c c EU. I z c Ez E

c c q c c EU C

1 T c jc B2 GutesRegierenohnedenSchaenderHierar-

chie?KorruponsbekmpfungimsdlichenKaukasusimRahmenderEU-Nachbarschaspolik , c

C Rc C SFB 700 Gc A L S, G

Rc F (DFG) (://.-c./j/jc_/2/x.). I

Y P A S c .

I J Dz M, T R, A V, c c

Rc C T T P E I Bc E Ic

xc c.

2 I c c c, c c EU

E Ecc A (Lx . 2009; E . 2002; S 1999). M,

EU N, Ic, Lc Sz (c c EU) c c c EU -

c. N c.


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E E c j EU 2004 2007 (CEE 10) c

EU 2004 (EU 15). T

c x cc c c qc

c, c E N C (ENC),

c c EU c EU

c c c . I I EU

c S E E

j cc x c EU

c . T cc c

c c EU c c c c c

W B T, c c ,

, c.

2. E W: T Dc Ic E O

Member States

T cc Ez cc EU 15.

Y, c c c c c. T c

c c EU c c, c c

, c cc (C/R 2001; H .

2001; F/R 2003; B/Lq 2005; Gz/V 2006). Sc

Ez c c EU . W EU c

c c c ,

c c c cc , c c.

T c zz, .

R cc c Ez

E c c, c c c c c

c c c c E, c

c c . T , , xc

(c. Bz/R 2003).

R cc EU c c c c

c c c. I , EU c

c c . I c, , c

c. I c , EU c

c/ cc c c, . I c

c c c c . F

c, Ez cc c c

c c c x c, c

. Dc c c,

c c c EU q , c,

c c c x

Ez.


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O Ez cc c

c c c Ez. U

c, cc c c

c cc c , c cc

. T cc jc c c c c c. R xz

c -, c c xc . F c,

Ez c , , cc, c

c x c c c c.

I c , c c c. B c

c c c . N c c c

cc cz c c

c cc. T c

cc EU c c

, cc c c. M, cc

c c c c

EU q. F, c- c c- c c

c . Sc, c- c

c c c c cc

. R c c c ,

c c c .


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Figure1:TwoLogicsofEuropeanizaonandDomescChange

T c q q cc c EU c, , c . W ccz ccz

Ez - (O 2002), - c

c c EU c EU c-

EU c.

Brzel and Risse 2003.

Policy/ Institutional Mist

Pressure for Adaptation

New Opportunities and

Constraints

Factors Facilitating Change

Low Number of Veto Point

Supporting Formal Institutions

New Norms, Ideas and

Collective Understandings

Factors Facilitating Change

Norm Entrepreneurs Coopera-

tive Informal Institutions

Dierential EmpowermentNorm Internationalization

Development of New Identities

Socialization and

Social Learning

Redistribution of

Resources

Domestic Change


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3. E G E: T Dc Ic E CEE

Accession States

Ex Ez c c E (c. Sc/

S 2005; S 2006). Ez c cc c

c xc c c

c c c . I

cz c c (Gz 2005), c (Vc 2008)

cz z, c C c (Bz

2008). A , , Ez c c c.

EU c c cc c cc cc

c c c c-

cc (S, B, R), c

cc cc ( CEE c; Vc 2005; Sc 2005).I , cc E c.

S Ez, acquis c c c

c. T x c Ez c cc ?

M x EU c c

. F, CEE cc c EU L

c - c cc

c . T c c c

c . W EU cc c c

cc, cc c E C

c c - c acquiscommunautaire c

(c. Sc/S 2005; D 2004; L 2002; Jc 2004).

Nx c, EU -cc CEE -

c. T cc c acquis, PHARE (P

H: A Rc Ec), ISPA (I Sc Pc P-

Acc) SAPARD (Sc Acc P Ac R D)

c c cc c (c. Sc 2007: 54-57).

A , c c ( ) c c c c , c c c, c

cc c (Sc/S 2006 Nc/

Bc 2008). U EU , c

cc (S, E, L) cc

EU C C c c ( cc)

(Sc/S 2005). Sc cc , c,

c c c (Sc 2007; H 2003). W

c cc c, - c c c

c c c EU c c (c. Bz 2009). T

EU xc q - c EU c, c

c c. I c c z


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c cc c (Sc 2007; A

2003; I 2009). Y, c

c- cc c EU c. N c cc

c c , , x, z c c

c cc c c. O, Ez c

c (Z 2008; R 2004). I ,

cc EU q (Sc/S 2006).

Dc c , , cc c

cc c cc x (H 2005).

W c c

cc c CEE c (A 2003; G 2006; Vc 2005;

P 2005), cz c , (Sc/S 2005;

K 2004; Kc 2003). Nx c cc c, EU ccc c c c c. T c c EU

E CEE c- c c

, c c c EU c. M,

C C c-

c CEE c c cc

1989. T c EU c c

E c/ cc acquis

communautaire c . I c cc c (-)

c c EU q c

c ccc z. W

c , EU cc c c E (R 2010).

O, cc c q x ()

c -cc E Ez CEE c c. W c

c Ez,

c c cc, c EU c (Bz

2009). M, c c

cc Ez (Gz 2005: 262) P z (Jc

1999) c cc (c) EU c q z. W EU c , (M-

P 2005: 22). T CEE c EU , c, ,

c , c c (F .

2008; Bz 2009). Sc c xc. W CEE c

cc c Ez j c ?

A c c c EU cc cc

c cc c c (Sc/S

2006; Nc/Bc 2008; Bz 2009). Sc cc E

N C (ENC), c cc c.


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4. Hg (By) B: T Dc Ic E Ngbg

C

W E, EU x c . B c EU c c c

c ? Acc Ez , EU c c

c:

(1) costsofadaptaon c EU q c

c,

(2) external push EU c q:

M x c EU x c.

(3) capacity c EU ,

(4) willingness c EU ,

(5) power c EU .

T c c c c c . T EU q

c c , c c. H,

, cc c c.

F, cc, cc , , c , c

-c c EU c c. M, -

c (c c ) q q cc

c x c, c c /

c. F, EU c c c

. T, cc - c cc

EU.

Sc, cc q c c c

c (c. Sc 2005). T c c cc

c , c c

c c cc EU q . A

, c c c c c c

z cc EU .

T, c EU c cc

EU x, , c c

. T cc c EU x

c c.3 I c, ENC c c

EU EU . H, c (, ) EU

3 T xc R, c. F c K/N 1977.


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, c c / c x

EU ( , c- c). Sc cc c

cc EU c c (S 2001; Y 2001: 90), c

c c (M/Sc 2007; Sc/

Scz 2009).

I , cc , c c Ez

cc c c

. T EU c c cc c

c, cc c CEE cc c. Y, E

N C (ENC) c . N c

c, ENC c c cc cc CEE ( 2).

T, xc c c c EU, c c N

Ez cz - c EEz (Gc . 2009).

Figure2:StateCapacityandDemocracyCompared

1998

TR

AL

BIHAZ

BY

ARM

UAGE

MD

MK

BG

RO

SK

GR

GB

ALDESTSLO

HLVCZLT

PL

PS

A

LIRL DKFINNL

HR

EU-15

CEE-10

WB

ENC

Turkey

100

80

60

40

20

0

1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0

Average WB

Average ENC

Average CEE

Average EU

Freedom House Status

WorldBank

RegulativeQuality


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T S U 1991 c -c N I S (NIS)

c, cc c c. I , cc

c c c c cc

c . M, c c cc

c cc -S c c

c c c c

(H . 2000).

B 1990, c c cc S U

c -c c C E E,

cc c ( 2, c. Bc 2001; K/R 2000). I 1998,

F H c x ENC 4.31 ( , 7.0 = ) c 1.7

() CEE 10 (2.61 1992).4 M (3.0), G (3.50) U (3.50) c

W B ( 4.50) T (4.50) . B WB, ENC cc c (4.81 2008). T -

(A, Azj, G, M) - cc (B) (c. Bc/Wc

2008). T U xc, cc

(Gc . 2009). O, ENC c c cc,

cc c c cc

(E 2005: 1).

A c ENC c

c ( q), c cc.5

W q c ENC, cc c c

c c CEE c cc

( 2, c. H . 2002; Nc/E 2007).

O, CEE c c c EU cc

cc ENC. W 2004, E c EU

c, c , z c c

EU c . W

cc c cc

W B, ENC c. I

cc .

4 F H (FH) cc q . P IV

. Y, P IV W B 1998. D 2008

. F , FH Ix c. T c c

c c EU cc cc (Sc 2008: 922). T

://../.c?=439; cc A 25, 2009.

5 M cc c. M c c c cc

c c, c c c

c (.. B T Ix (BTI)). T R Q Ix

W B, c c c c cc EUq c c . C c c c

c c c. T ://..

/c//c.; cc A 29, 2009.


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T c x cc cc

c c c EU E

N Pc (ENP). T ENP c c

EU S E c cc x

c Ez. I c Ez

x Ez c c

(c. Sc 2007; M/M 2008; Bz/R 2009). F c I c

E ENP, c x W N I S.6

4.1 Drawing Closer to Europe

A S U, EU qc cz cc . I

N I S (NIS) c cqc

(O 1991) cc, , cc, EU cc

cc c cc Tcc Ac

C I S (TACIS) .7 B z TACIS

c, EU c NIS c c

, - c , x, cc (c. H 2000;

P 2002). W E W NIS EU,

E C c c c.

T E N Pc, c 2003, c

EU c (E C 2003). T x cq c, , (c. W

. 2007). I ENC c, EU

cc cc CEE c (K 2006).

Sc 1991, EU E c

c. Acc, EU c

c c c ,

c x ENC. H, ENC

c ENP c. T

c x c .

6 T E ENP c U, M B, c

c cc . I 2004, , E C (cc-

) x ENP S Cc, A, Azj,

G (c. J-N 2005).

7 Cc R (EC) N. 99/2000 29 Dc 1999.


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4.2 ProhibiveCostsbutLilePressureofAdaptaon

G , ENP c j : cc ,

c c (c. W . 2007). T ENC

acquiscommunautaire. A , ENP

x z. S, ENP ,

c c c c ,

c, c , c c

(E C 2004). T c c c

C C cc

EU ENC. T c , cc

c P C A

(PCA) c j c c cc c c EU. 8

T, acquis c, ENC jc c cc c( c Sc/S 2005). M, c-cc Ac P

(AP), c c c cc EU c, cc

c EU c .9 T c

c, c c c c c ,

c z -. Nx z EU ,

cc, , EU c Jc H A,

c c- c z c,

c, (Lx/Wc 2009). G c c

c-c ENC

PCA AP. I c c c , cc

c, (c jc), c

c c c z, c ,

c c (c ) c (Bz

. 2008).

W EU ENC c c

c , c c c, EU x c

x c c c. T

c c .

I cc c AP, EU c c c c

c c cc .

I - c c c cc c

(Y 2009; Bz . 2009). S, c

c, c c . T Ac P q

8 T P C A c cc ://c..///c-

_.; cc: A 25, 2009.

9 T Ac P c cc ://c..///c_.; cc:

A 25, 2009.


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cc -c .10 F, ENC cc,

c c, c UN C C

(UNCAC), Cc E C C L C C OECD C

c F Pc Oc I B Tc. Sc, ENC

q j -c c GRECO OECD A C

N E E C A (ACN) c c c

c c c

. Acc, ENC -c c

cc . F, c ENP c

cc -c

c, / c c

c c- c. T ,

c q EU j c c c c

c cc

.

B c c c c ENC c, cc

c (H . 2000). Acc Tc I, ENC

c c .11 Pc c q -

ENC. Occ c x c

c, c-cc , (R-Ac

1996; B 2002). C cc c

c c xc c c

c (D . 2006; S 2007). F, x

c cc c c c

x c c c c c,

(UNDP 2006, c. S W 2005, Sc 1972).

W c-cc c ENC, c

c . Sc c , c

Azj c c U c c

(I C G 2004; S 2002). Pc c c

S Cc cc c z c cc c c

c c c (B 2001: 10).

C c cc

c c c c.

I , ENP q c c ,

, c () c ENC, , c

c c EU q .

10 F cc, M/Sc 2007.

11 Tc I C Pc Ix 2008, ://.c./_/_

c/2008/c2008/c_2008_; cc A 25, 2009.


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N , c c . Y, EU

ENC c c c q.

T ENP xc . Bc, ENP

ENC xc c cc . W EU c cc

c c c, ( ) ,

c, c c (.. ). L, EU c

I M c (..

c). O cc , EU c (.. c),

c (.. ), x c c.

T , EU c c (Y

2009; Lx 2008). I PCA B 1996

c cc (E C 2006). L, c

G 2003, TACIS c jc c c (E C 2003). O , ENC

c ENP q. T EU ENC j

c. T Ac P , ENC

c c . T c j jc

Pc D. W ENP c c, c

c c EU c

c c c EU ( ENC),

(U, M, G), c c c (Azj) c

R (B, A).

W EU c , q

c c c - c

- , c c c

(c. Sc . 2006). Acc c EU c

. T z EU , , c , ,

, c c EU c, c

c c , x, cc, , c x ENC

(Vc 2007). M, c cc c c ,

c , (M 1999). A , , c q c cx , EU c

c, c c c (Nc/

E 2007). R , c, c q

cc ENC. B

c c ENC cc EU

cc , c c EU

c cc, c cc c c, c

(Vc 2007). T c cc

Jc H A, c c (Occ 2007).

T c c x c c

, EU c z c


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, c cc cc c (S

2001: 193-196; Sc . 2006: 46). T c R, c B

Mc (B

2007). F, cc EU x x cc

c. T ENC xc c

c. T cc c c ( ; c. Vc 2007;

Occ 2007). I EU c z

.

G cc ENC, (cc- cz)

c c c. Sc 1990, EU

N I S c cc c TACIS .

TACIS c , c P C A (c

1997) ENP Ac P.

12

I 2007, EU c TACIS c , -c E N P I (ENPI).13 W c TACIS

j jc, ENPI c c- c

c c c . M,

EU c c c-c c c (c. Bz .

2008). B TACIS ENPI EU c cc c c

cc, c (c. TACIS 1999: A. 16; Cc

E U 2006: A 5). Y, c EU c z

j , cc-

ENP cc cc

c.

T cz c q . H ,

cc, c c c

EU ENC . R - (E

C 2004: 8), EU c , j c

. T c

Ac P, c . I jc

c . J c c

c c c EU (Nc/E2007; Vc 2007). W c cz, x

c cz c c. T c EU

c ENC c CEE c,

c cc

EU. B c ENC , EU q c c

c , c

12 F EU NIS EuropeanInvestmentBank(EIB), c

EuropeanCommunityHumanitarianAid (ECHO) FoodSecurityProgramme (FSP) c

c N-G O (NGO) c EuropeanIniave (c 2006

Instrument)forDemocracyandHumanRights (EIDHR).

13 Cc R (EC) N. 1638/2006 24 Oc 2006.


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ENP. T cc c c EU c

c.14 T EU , cc, c

(K 2006: 40; c. K 2004) E

c c ENC EU.

W EU c c c c ,

. I c c CEE c,

cc ENC. T c c z

c z cc

c c (c. H 2003; M/G 2002). N xc

G U c, ,

c cc cc (c. L 2008;

T 2007). O c, c c ( cc) c

c c .

M, (-) ENC, , c

c c, c c - c x

c , -x. Pc c z ,

xc U, ccc. I c,

-c c c G U. I Azj, c,

2005 c xc c c

, , c, (V 2006;

B S 2003).

F, c c c z

c- c cc c cc . G

x . W c c z c c c cc

Sz , c j c

(c. Mc 2006). T cc N-G

Oz (NGO) c, c, c c c

S c c c c

(c. Mc 2009; L 2008). Nx c , cc , c

cc c , c c, c

c . C c ENC c c

c (B 2001).

U CEE cc c, EU - c ENC. Sc

2004, EU q ENP c c - c

c (Bz/

C 2009; c. Bz . 2008). Y, EU c q. T

j c EU c c

c ; c c

14 T c j EU 12 CEE c c

1993 (c. Sc 2003).


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CEE c (S 2007). M, c

, c EU c -- Ac, C Pcc c, ENP

c c c . T E N

P I (ENPI), c c c TACIS J 2007, q EU c

c c , , ,

c , cc c , c c (ENPI 2006: A. 4

(c)). T c c

, c c , ,

jc (ENPI 2006: A. 4 ()). S -cc

CEE c, ENPI - c

EU . I z c c

c c. S , EU cc c c c

c c c- ( ). N- c

x -c TACIS InstuonBuildingPartnershipProgramme(E C 2003c) E I H R (EIDHR). 15

T c c c c, - c

c EU c c ()

. C c z x cc-

W NGO, , c

c c cc z. Dc

c, c cc c c

, c c

cc c c. I c c B, cc-

c , c . B

c x - -c. G cc

z c c c cc c . Dc

c c c c cc ,

c c . T c cc

ENC, c c. H,

c c (c. H 1998; H/Sz 2004).

W c c z cc EU q,W NGO c

CEE cc c. T ENC

c EU c c c

cc c c c c c

EU q c . T cc

EU c c , c -

c c z c z c. A,

c c c c - NGO

15 EIDHR 1994 c c c c --

z. I 2006 c E I H R Dcc (c.

Cc EIDHR R (EC) N. 1889/2006).


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c x c (c. M

2008). M, (-) c c c

z c

x c c . P cc

c c c c

- (c. G 1997). Y,

c c, c c.

4.3 ReinforcingRatherThanTransformingDomescStructures?

H c c , ,

, , c c c Ez

x ENC. T c

cc. T c EU x c ENC

c c . H, c c

c c . S c c c

c EU c c . T c

c EU c c c

c c. O , c EU N Pc

c z c c

c . T c c . W ENC

A-C S, c c c EU -c c j c

c c c. C z

(G), (Azj),

c (A), c cc c

c ( ENC). T, c c c

c c c (c. D 2001; Sj

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c c - cc c ,

c (T 2007).

I EU c ENC , (c)

c c, cc q

( 3). T c EU M .

I S c ( xc I).

Sc E-M P 1995, EU x

c, M (Y 2001). H , cc,

c Bc Pc (V H/S

2009). Y, M c xc

c , c ENC (Nc/E 2007: 87). U EE, c cc E jc


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z c . B c I c, S

A c EU, c c

E c . N c c ,

EU c c z cc

cc c (Y 2001). T EU cc , ,

c M c (A)

cc (T). W EU cc c

c , z z M E

z - c c c

I (Y 2009: 911). C EU x

cc q M (c. S 2007; Sc/

Scz 2009).

5. Cc

T c c EU c . Sc C W, EU

c Ez - c, c

c . T x c c c

c, EU c x c Ez

c Ez c c EU

CEE cc c. W EU c c

cc cc, Ez c c cc

c c EU xc .

T E E N C c

c ; EU 15 CEE cc c, EU c c

c c . T x Ez c cc

, c . S Ez

E (M/W 2001; Sc 2006),

c c xc c CEE cc c (R 2004; Z

2008). W c cc, , q. T

( 3). B EU 15 CEE 10 F H Ix

1998 2008. W , CEE

c c 2.6 1992 1.25 2008. T

EU cc . B EU c

c CEE cc

c (c. S 2004; K 2004; Sc . 2006). T c EU

cc q c c. U ENC W B CEE

c cc c

1990. A , cz cc

( ) c c. Q c, q ,

CEE c c EU 15. O R B .


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Figure3:TransformavePowerEurope?

W c c c EU

c c cc c, , c

c cc q , . H, 3

c c c c c

EU W B E N C. T E

c: x EU, c c

cc , c cc c, - cc c

xc c (Sc 2005; Vc 2005; M/M 2008;

Sc/Scz 2009). T ENC c . T, c cc c,

c EU. N q

z c c

. Pc c , EU ,

EU, c ENC c

EU c. U E , EU

TR 1998

TR 08

AZ

ARM

BY

UA

BIH

GE

SRB

MNE

I

GR

MKAL

HRRO

BG

SK

DEST

SLO

H EF

LVCZ

LT

PL

P

SAL

IRL DK

FIN

NL

MD

EU-15

EU-15 1998

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WB

WB 1998

ENC

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Average ENC 1998

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Average CEE 08

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Average EU 08

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Freedom House Status

WorldBankRegulativeQuality

2008


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The Transformative Power of Europe Reloaded. The Limits of External Europeanization

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