The Transformation of China’s Standardization System:

From the Perspective of CSA

Wang Ping,

Deputy Secretary of CSA

W3C RoundTable, April 28, 2017, Beijing

Contents

Status of China SSL Industry1

Standardization of CSA2

3 Problems and Challenges

Contents

Status of China SSL Industry1

Standardization of CSA2

3 Problems and Challenges

Energy-saving & Environment Strategy

By 2016 LED luminaire efficacy 160 lm/W;

42% market penetration;

Sustainable Economic Growth

Upgrade traditional industries

Lower energy consumption in full

lifecycle than conventional products

Cultivating Emerging Strategic Industries

Large scale & driving effects

High employment opportunities

SSL

Importance of SSL for China

Substrate,Chip Packaging、ModuleApplication More than illumination

Display

Backlight

Lighting

2003

2004

The Establishment of CSA

2006

The 11th Five-Year Plan” 863 Plan “SSL Project”

2008

Beijing Olympic Demonstrations

2009

Launching “10K 10Cities” by MOST

Six ministries “Opinions on SSL Energy-Saving Industry”

2010

100lm/W

Chip localization rate 50%

Output exceeded 100 billion RMB

2012

Output 200 billion RMB

19 listed companies with LED as core business

2013

Six ministries “SSL Energy-Saving Industry Planning”

140 lm/W

industry output>257.6B RMB

Launching of national SSL program

Output 9 B RMB 1400 patents/year 20 lm/W

2014

Industry output> 356.7 B RMB

24000 patents/year

Chip localization rate 75%

26 listed companies with LED as core business

Milestones of China SSL

Industry output> 424 B RMB

>30000 patents/year

150 lm/W

>50 listed companies with

LED as core business

Chip localization rate 75%

2015

2016

Industry output> 521.6 B RMB

160 lm/w Industrial Chain LED Chips Innovation Applications

SSL Showcases: Recognized by the General Public

Water Cube realized the first and largest full-color variable LED landscape lighting

Energy saving of 70%

2008

2009

The LED display in Tiananmen Square with domestic chips and system, the 60th anniversary National Day

Great Hall of People were decorated by 150W LEDs instead of 1000W halogen lamps with illumination increased by 40% and energy reduction by 70%

2012

The New Demands of China’s Society

➢ Demand Leading： Low carbon and intelligence

Energy-saving and environment protection has become the mainstream in 21st century

The era of big data need more efficient, personalized, intelligent

➢ Application driven: ➢ new type industrialization, new urbanization, ageing problems

Medical careNew type urbanizationNew type industrialization

From Functional Lighting to Beyond Lighting

On-demand lighting

To improve lighting quality and meet the needs in

people’s safety, physiology and psychology

To create a more healthy, comfortable and smarter “light

environment”

2015 Next 10 Years Past 10 Years

Ecological lighting source with the

advantage of cost performance

On-demand lighting

Beyond lighting

Beyond lighting

Agricultural applications

Medical applications

Visible light communications , location-based

services, etc.

Contents

Status of China SSL Industry1

Standardization of CSA2

3 Problems and Challenges

Who CSA is

➢ Established in 2004；2014 Legally Registered in Zhong Guancun

➢ 578 Members，87% are manufacturing enterprises including MNEs，cover 70%

China SSL Output

4% 6%3%

87%

University

Research Insitution

Industrial Organization

Enterprise

Classification of Members

Organization Structure

Why Alliance Standards?

➢ National standards cannot meet the demands

➢ long duration of drafting process lags behind the fast development of LED

technology and industry

➢ Small and private enterprises, R&D expenses are insufficient and

dispersed

➢ Alliance can exert innovation capability with advantages, knows

what industry needs

➢ Close to the industry, reflecting the advanced technology,

➢ Short standard developing cycle, rapid response to the market,

Joint participation，Collaborative innovation

CSAS, standardization committee

➢ 2007 , a workgroup founded for SSL standardization

➢ 2012, Establishment of CSA Standardization Committee (CSAS )

• -----For developing alliance standards

StandingCouncil

Council

Ordinary

CSAS management committee

CSAS formalmember

CSAS observation member

LED lighting system and control WG

CSAS secretariatStandard

drafting group

Reliability and acceleratedtesting WG

Standardization on Interfaceand specification WG

Council

Open System for standards setting

• CSAS Orientation

Focus on simplicity & transparency

➢ Simple and Highly operational Procedures

➢ The minimum requirement of a new proposal: 5 members

➢ The new project should be approved by MC

➢ Extensive participation of CSA members

➢ Short-cycle of standard setting &revision

➢ Version management

Proposal

New Project

Draft for comments

Committee draft

Revision

5 formal members

MC Ballot

Publishing

Formal member vote

All Members

CSA016 Street light consisting of non-integral LED module

➢CSA016 Interfaces for non-integral LED module

➢ The interface specification for the optical，electrical，thermal and mechanical technologies

➢ Different manufactures’ products can be interchangeable

➢ To support Large-scale Production、Cost reduction

➢ The core competitiveness of products supporting the industrial development

15

National standard

Part of CSA standards

➢ CSA 041-201X Smart Home Lighting Function Attribute Specification

➢ CSA 040-201X Smart Home Lighting Communication Module Interface Specification

➢ CSA/TR 004-201X Technical report of control protocol for LED smart home connected lighting

➢ CSA/TR 003-201X Architecture of smart home lighting system and interconnection technology

➢ CSA 018-2013 Application layer communication protocols for the interface

in intelligent pubic LED lighting systems

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半导体照明标准Standardization of SSL

按需照明On-demanded Lighting

超越照明Beyond Lighting 生态农业Ecological agriculture

可见光通信Visible light communication

健康与医疗Health and medical care

产业链内部协作 Industry chain collaboration

智能照明系统 Intelligent lighting system

照明产品与应用 Product and application

照明安全与舒适度Lighting safe and comfort

➢ CSA 016-2015 Application and interface requirements for LED lighting –

Street/tunnel light consisting of non-integral LED module（V02.00）

➢ CSA/TR 001-2014 Overview on standardization

of the LED lighting control system

➢ CSA 035 LED lighting

product visual health

and comfort test

systemic approach to standardization, covering all stages of the value chain

Contents

Status of China SSL Industry1

Standardization of CSA2

3 Problems and Challenges

Problems and Challenges

• CSA Experienced Great enthusiasm of enterprises for

standardization

• All members have common interests for some unification

• Example, CSA016 (Non-integral LED Module)

• This standard is not for any single enterprise, but for the unification of whole industry

• The standard got positive participation of members, voluntarily undertook mold

making and testing

• The enthusiasm was unprecedented

• If the government can reduce its role in voluntary standardization,

this would create space for social organizations standardization, the

private sector will find a suitable way to do standard for themselves,

fast response to the demand from the market

Problems and Challenges

• Testing and certification with alliance standards?

• Testing labs and certification organizations are still in “OLD” system

• Normally, they only recognize national/sector/local standards in their

testing/certification.

• Alliance standards are “ illegal ” to them. This is the logic of the old system.

That's why it is difficult to change.

• It is great Challenge of implementing CSA standards, old system of testing and

certification become two BIG hurdles to the reform of standardization

• Testing/ certification system should be reformed parallelly, or otherwise social

organization standards will be hardly implemented, the reform of

standardization cannot be successful.

Problems and Challenges

• A Consortia or Registered as a NPO?

• At beginning, CSA tried to practice enterprises’ agreement

• But, such consortium is not easy to survive

• Once SAC asked CSA to undertake a secretariat for a mirror committee to a ISO/TC,

but SAC think a enterprise’s agreement group is an illegal organization.

• That is why CSA registered as a NPO– ZhongGuanCun SSL Alliance

• Now, its organization structure is like an association, including General Assembly,

Council, Standing Council, Committees and WGs, as well as its Bylaws for its

running

• Various types of cooperation among firms are needed• R&D, standardization, IPR, Patent pool, etc.

• For the rapid response to the market demand and innovation

• organization framework maybe different, --- consortia, alliances, associations, etc.

Problems and Challenges

• Registering a NPO for standardization?

• Ministry of Civil Affairs (MCA,民政部) is in charge of the register of NPOs.

• The policy is, to establish a NPO, you should find a government agency other than

MCA responsible for your organization’s behavior, as a competent organization

• In reality, no government agency is willing to do that.

• In this case, it is nearly no way to establish a new private standardization institute,

unless the one government agency wants to do that.

• How to foster a robust social/private standardization?

• Such NPO policy is another BIG hurdle to the standardization reform,

• organizations with different frameworks should be allowed

• Reform should be done for easily creation of SDOs, and SSOs.

Problems and Challenges

• Support or Hindering by government?

• I found that

• multi-decision-making bodies of government management brought adverse

effect on the development of private sector standardization.

• A dozen similar industrial alliances appeared in LED field in recent

years

• Nearly all levels of government supported to establish LED standard alliances

in their own jurisdiction.

• All of them don’t recognize each other and fight for authority and interests

• even shutting the door on the participants from other alliances regardless of

the "openness, transparency and consensus“

• The negative effect of system drawback starts to obstructs the

impetus to standards supporting indigenous innovation.

Conclusions

• The case of CSA describes that

• the industry is imbued with great enthusiasm for standardization developed by self-

governance;

• in case that the industry innovation capability is developed to certain level, so long as the

government can relinquish the control, the industrial enthusiasm will be automatically

inspired to find appropriate organizational form and quickly satisfy the standard demand of

industry,

• all the costs in the course of the standardization will be borne by the stakeholders themselves,

which means that the voluntary standardization will become a self-financed process in the

market.

• The breeding of self-governance capability of industrial standardization needs a process.

• The government can't refuse to relinquish on the grounds of lower self-governance capability

of industry, it must give the self-organized standardization of industry a process from toddle

to grow in strength.

• The system of testing and certification, and NPO policy should be reformed

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Thanks for Your Attention!