The Threshold of Ephemeroptera Sustainability Within Small Streams of the Upper Ocmulgee Watershed...
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Transcript of The Threshold of Ephemeroptera Sustainability Within Small Streams of the Upper Ocmulgee Watershed...
The Threshold of The Threshold of Ephemeroptera Ephemeroptera Sustainability Sustainability Within Small Streams of the Upper Ocmulgee Within Small Streams of the Upper Ocmulgee
WatershedWatershed
Research Student: Jennifer WebbResearch Student: Jennifer Webb
Research Advisor: Christopher Kodani Ph.D.Research Advisor: Christopher Kodani Ph.D.
IntroductionIntroduction
Previous researchPrevious research Stream quality vs. land usageStream quality vs. land usage
MacroinvertebratesMacroinvertebrates Vary in sensitivity to environmentVary in sensitivity to environment Good indicator of quality within streamsGood indicator of quality within streams
Surrounding area correlates to stream qualitySurrounding area correlates to stream quality
MayfliesMayflies
EphemeropteraEphemeroptera– Characteristic traits:Characteristic traits:
Long, flat bodiesLong, flat bodies 3 tails3 tails GillsGills
– SensitiveSensitive
– ShreddersShredders CPOMCPOM
– Algae Algae – DetritusDetritus
Purpose of StudyPurpose of Study
To determine the specific type of woody To determine the specific type of woody debris mayfly larvae prefer.debris mayfly larvae prefer.
Materials & MethodsMaterials & Methods GA Adopt-A-Stream Monitoring ProtocolsGA Adopt-A-Stream Monitoring Protocols
– PhysicalPhysical– ChemicalChemical– BiologicalBiological
StreambedStreambed vegetative banksvegetative banks woody debriswoody debris
– Was not adequateWas not adequate
Visual linear assessments Visual linear assessments – Small woody debrisSmall woody debris– Logs/meterLogs/meter
DataData– Collected between January and March 2008Collected between January and March 2008– Sampled 7 sites of different land usage.Sampled 7 sites of different land usage.
Land UsageLand Usage
Parking LotParking Lot
Land UsageLand Usage
Suburban ParkSuburban Park
Land UsageLand Usage
ForestForest
ResultsResults
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Parking Lot Sub Park Forest
Sum of Ephemeroptera
Parking Lot Sub Park Forest
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Parking Lot Sub Park Forest
Small Woody Debris & Logs/m per Land Usage Type
Parking Lot Sub Park Forest
Sum of Ephemeroptera per Land Usage Type
Linear RegressionLinear Regression
Tests for relationship between X and Y Tests for relationship between X and Y valuesvalues
RR22 ranges from 0 to 1 ranges from 0 to 1
– 0 = no relationship (Sample B)0 = no relationship (Sample B)
– 1 = complete relationship (Sample A)1 = complete relationship (Sample A)
Sample A
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Sample B
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Is There Any Relationship?Is There Any Relationship?x y xy x2 y2
0.15 0 0 0.0225 0
2.47 207 511.29 6.1009 42849
0.15 0 0 0.0225 0
0.68 43 29.24 0.4624 1849
0.21 0 0 0.0441 0
0.37 10 3.7 0.1369 100
0.02 67 1.34 0.0004 4489
n Σx Σy Σ(xy) Σ(x2) Σ(y2)
7 4.05 327 545.57 6.7897 49287
(Σx)2 (Σy)2
16.4025 106929
ResultsResults
0
50
100
150
200
250
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
Am
ount
of M
ayfli
es F
ound
0
50
100
150
200
250
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3A
mou
nt o
f May
flies
Avg. Small Woody Debris Logs/m
Mayflies vs. Avg. Small Woody Debris Mayflies vs. Logs/m
May
flie
s
May
flie
s
R2logs=0.84R2woody=0.005
Amount of Mayflies vs. Average Logs/meter
0
50
100
150
200
250
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Logs/meter
Am
ou
nt
of
May
flie
s
ConclusionsConclusions
Mayfly larvae prefer coarse woody debrisMayfly larvae prefer coarse woody debris– Need more sites!!!Need more sites!!!
1-2 logs/m range1-2 logs/m range
Future research:Future research:– Is there an interaction between substrate type, Is there an interaction between substrate type,
mayflies & woody debris?mayflies & woody debris?
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
Dr. Christopher KodaniDr. Christopher Kodani Anne Stahley & Brett WilliamsAnne Stahley & Brett Williams James MooreJames Moore Clayton State UniversityClayton State University
– Dept. of Natural SciencesDept. of Natural Sciences Georgia Adopt-A-StreamGeorgia Adopt-A-Stream Henry County Water AuthorityHenry County Water Authority Stockbridge High SchoolStockbridge High School Panola Mountain State ParkPanola Mountain State Park Hidden Valley ParkHidden Valley Park Duffey ParkDuffey Park Gardner ParkGardner Park
Questions?Questions?
DO AnalysisDO Analysis
8 drops Manganous Sulfate8 drops Manganous Sulfate 8 drops Alkaline Potassium Iodide Azide8 drops Alkaline Potassium Iodide Azide InvertInvert 8 drops Sulfuric Acid8 drops Sulfuric Acid
TitrationTitration– Used Sodium ThiosulfateUsed Sodium Thiosulfate– Added starch indicator when pale yellowAdded starch indicator when pale yellow
pHpH