The Three Monotheistic Religions Judaism, Christianity, & Islam.
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Transcript of The Three Monotheistic Religions Judaism, Christianity, & Islam.
The Holy Land Long ago, Hebrews of
Mesopotamia migrated west
Called that land Israel Jerusalem, the capital
of modern-day Israel, was the major city
The Birthplace of 3 Religions
Over centuries, this land was conquered and controlled by many The Romans drove the Jews out of Israel Arabs took over around 600 A.D.
With each new group, a new religion was born
As a result, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam all have origins in Jerusalem
Judaism Oldest monotheistic religion Fundamental Beliefs:
There is a single, all-powerful God Called Yahweh, or Jehovah Created the universe and everything in it
The Ten Commandments given to Moses on Mount Sinai Laws for leading a life devoted to God
Jerusalem, and Israel, is the land God promised to Abraham
A Messiah will come one day to end all evil
Holy Text - The Torah The Torah is the holy text
God gave the Torah to the Jews as a guide to living a holy & obedient life
The Talmud is the Holy Book of Law
A copy of the Torah, written in Hebrew, must be kept in a synagogue Synagogue – Jewish
religious house of worship
Important Jewish Figures
Abraham Born in Ur
(Mesopotamia) Made covenant, or
promise, with God Ancestor of the Jews
Moses Jewish prophet Brought the Ten
Commandments to the Jews from God
Jewish Holidays
Hannukah Festival of Lights Rededicates the Temple of Jerusalem
Yom Kippur Day of Atonement (forgiveness)
Rosh Hashanah Jewish New Year
Judaism Facts 12 millions followers around the world If not for the Holocaust, Jewish population
would be near 35 million worldwide Most Jews live in Israel or in the USA Jewish community leader called a rabbi Holy Day, or Sabbath, is from sunset Friday
to sunset Saturday
Christianity Founded by Jews, called Disciples Started between 4 B.C. and 30 A.D. Fundamental beliefs:
God created, maintains, and will destroy the Earth The Ten Commandments Jesus, the Messiah, died for mankind’s sins so humans
may have eternal life in Heaven Love thy neighbor
Holy Text - The Bible Divided into Old
Testament and New Testament
Old Testament = Jewish Torah (written before Jesus was born)
New Testament = the four Gospels (written after Jesus died)
Important Christian Figures
Jesus Son of God, who is the human form of God
Holy Spirit Spirit of God that can enter humans
Holy Trinity – the three forms of God God, in Heaven Jesus, God’s human form on Earth Holy Spirit, inside all humans
Christianity Facts About 2 billion Christians worldwide Christianity divided into two sects (groups)
Roman Catholic (1 billion) Spread after the Roman Empire became Christian Pope is the leader of the Church
Protestant (1 billion) Martin Luther protested against the Catholic Church in the 1500’s Many Protestant faiths:
Baptist Lutheran Presbyterian Episcopalian (Anglican) Pentecostal
Islam
Founded around 600 A.D. in Saudi Arabia Fundamental beliefs:
There is only one god named Allah Muhammad is the true prophet Mecca is the most holy place on Earth The 5 Pillars of Islam
The 5 Pillars of Islam Pillar 1 – Shahada
There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is His messenger Pillar 2 – Salat
Pray 5 times daily facing toward the holy city of Mecca Pillar 3 – Zakat
Give a portion of one’s income to the poor/charities Pillar 4 – Sawm
Do not eat or drink from sunrise to sunset during the holy month of Ramadan
Pillar 5 – Hajj If in good health, make a pilgrimage (journey) to Mecca at least
once in a lifetime
Important Muslim Leader
Muhammad Lived about 600 years after Jesus Was a trader and traveled in caravans
Along the routes, learned about the Jewish and Christian faiths
Was visited by the angel Gabriel who was sent by God Retold those messages to others who became his followers
Believed it was the true version of Judaism
Mecca Mecca, located in Saudi
Arabia, is the holiest site Used to be Jerusalem until
Muhammad cut ties with Jewish religion
Millions make pilgrimage yearly
Birthplace of Muhammad The location Muslims
orient to when praying
Holy Text - The Quran The Quran = collection of the
messages sent by God to Muhammad through Gabriel Many Muslims believe the only
true Quran is written in Arabic Sharia Law
Not a part of the Quran, but derived from it
Religious code for living Today, used as governing
laws for many Arab nations
Islamic Holidays Ramadan
Most holy month of the Islamic Calendar 1 month of daytime fasting Time for reflection, devotion to God, & practicing
self-control Hajj
Pilgrimage to the House of Allah in Mecca Time set aside during the 12th month of the
Islamic Calendar
Islam Facts Muslims often pray at a mosque About 1 billion Muslims worldwide
Most live in the Arab nations of the Middle East Many Middle East nations are theocracies
Theocracy = religion and government are the same Sharia Law is the governing law
Two major groups: Sunni
Follow the elected Muslim leaders Majority of Muslims (940 million)
Shia Follow the descendents of the family of Muhammad as
leaders