The Thirteen English Colonies

Religious Freedom

Quakers - 1. Pacifists2. Believed all people are equal in the eyes of God. (Including Men and Women)3. Believed in real religious freedom.

PENNSYLVANIA

William PennBelieved in real religious freedom.

Spoke out for better treatmentof Native Americans

Set up a safe haven for Quakersbecause they were persecutedin England and in other colonies.

Holy Experiment:Pennsylvania was a model of religious freedom, peace, and Christian living.

MASSACHUSETTS

The Puritans formed a colony in Massachusetts for "religious freedom." *This was ironic because they did not practice religious freedom... you had to live a Puritan life or you were persecuted.

JOHN WINTHROP: First governor and minister of Massachusetts Bay Colony

MASSACHUSETTS

Theocracy: a government run according to a religion.

Those who opposed the governor of Massachusetts were often banished... or worse

- Anne Hutchison: Banished for challenging Puritan beliefs and went to Rhode Island.

- Mary Dyer: Hanged for being a Quaker.

MARYLAND

Lord Baltimore wanted to establish a safe place for Catholics in the New World because: - England became increasingly Protestant and Catholics were not trusted after the attack by the Spanish Armada.Maryland was established as a safe place for not just Catholics, but all Christians. Lord Baltimore passed the

Act of Toleration: gave religious freedom to all Christians living in Maryland.

Economic

established to make money for the Virginia Company Investors

John Smith - a strict leader, "if you don't work you don't eat"Founded: to make profit for England from cash crops like tobacco.

Bacon's Rebellion: farmers were upset about the Government not protecting them against Native American attacks.Nathaniel Bacon led a group of angry settlers and they burned the capital at Jamestown.

VIRGINIA

VIRGINIA

NEW HAMPSHIRE

John Mason: granted a royal charter from the King.

Founded: for fishing and trading to make money for the King

Coastal land once a part of Massachusetts was now a separate colony.

Was a ROYAL colony: colony under the control of the English crown and used to make money for the monarch.

NEW HAMPSHIRE

DELAWARE

Coastal land for Pennsylvania (Trade & Fishing)

Key People: Duke of York sold it to William Penn

Why Founded:People living there were Swedish.

-did not want to send Delegates to the Pennsylvania Assembly

-Penn let them govern themselves

North and South Carolina

North Carolina: poor tobacco farmers from Virginia moved south into North Carolina.

South Carolina: 8 English Proprietors: (people who receive land and can divide up among themselves however they want as long as the King is still in control).

The Carolinas were originally chartered as one colony to a group of 8 English Nobles, but were later separated into two colonies.

North and South Carolina

Why Founded:

South CarolinaPurpose: to make money for England off of the rich farmland there.Rice and indigo grew well in the Carolinas and could be sold around the world.

North CarolinaPurpose: land for poor tobacco farmers from southern Virginia

Difference:South Carolina had more slaves than North Carolina.

PoliticalCONNECTICUT

Thomas Hooker wanted to limit the power of the Governor.Banished from Massachusetts Bay: for

questioning the authority of Governor John Winthrop

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut: ·All male property owners could vote.·Limited the Governor's power.

RHODE ISLAND

Roger Williams: Did not believe the King could give away Native American land by giving out charters.

Also challenged the Governor's authority and believed in religious toleration:

- letting others practice their own religion freely without restriction.

Williams did not get the land from a charter-he bought the land from the local Native

Americans

NEW YORK

People upset under Dutch rulePatroon: an owner of a huge estate in New Netherlands.Peter Stuyvesant: A Dutch ruler who was very unpopular for his harsh rule and high taxes.

New Netherlands became New York when the English military ordered a surrender. The colonists were not willing to fight for Stuyvesant, so it became an English colony which the King gave to the Duke of York.

Power shifted from Patroons to The Duke of York to an Assembly that was elected.

GEORGIA

James Oglethorpe: he was a respected soldier who wanted to set up a colony for prison debtors.

- In England, if you owed someone money they could have you put in jail. You could never earn off your debt to be set free if you could not work.

Why Founded: Oglethorpe wanted debtors to be able to come to the New World and get a fresh start.

- The area of Georgia also served as a buffer against Spanish Florida.

NEW JERSEY

The King gave the land of New Jersey as a gift to his two friend Lord Berkeley & Sir George Carteret. as a thank you for once sheltering Charles II and his brother James on the island of Jersey.

It was a proprietary colony: King gives land to one or more people who then divide it up.

It was also a royal colony: under control of the English Crown.

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