THEMILITANTPublished in the Interests of the Working People

V o l. 26 - No. 44 M onday, D ecem ber 3, 1962 P rice 10c

Text of Cuba's Inspection Proposal— See page 6 —

Is Negro Struggle Being Radicalized? — See page 7Repressions in Chile for Pro-Cuba Acts — See page 3Review of James P. Cannon's New Book — See page 5

Cuba Says: Let U.S. Agree To Reciprocal UN Inspection

B y E d w a rd S la te rNOV. 28 — The current cease

fire along the C h ina-lnd ia border, in itia ted by Peking on Nov. 21, remains an uneasy one. Despite pressure from Asian and A frican countries to accept China’s proposals, In d ia ’s Prim e M in is ter Jaw aharla l Nehru remains firm in his demand tha t Chinese troops w ithd raw at least to the positions they held as of Sept. 8 before any talks can be considered. China, on the other hand, insists tha t the line of actual control as of November 7, 1959, be maintained u n til a solution can be negotiated.

The eastern area involved in the dispute is a mountainous te rr ito ry inhabited by several tribes of T ibetan stock. The B ritish claimed th is area fo r Ind ia in 1914 when they forced upon T ibe t the M cMahon line — draw n fo r strategic reasons roughly along the H imalayan divide. No Chinese governm ent has recognized this line. The area is now administered d irec tly by the Ind ian Externa l A f fa irs M in is try as the Northeast F ron tie r Agency, created after 1950 as a te rr ito ry under the Indian constitution. The Chinese c la im tha t Ind ia displayed no in terest in occupying the area u n til 1950-51 when Chinese troops entered T ibe t and tha t u n til that tim e the area continued to be administered by Tibetan local officials.

The second m ajor area of conflic t, about 800 miles to the west, is the Aksai Chin plateau in Ladakh, w hich ju ts between Tibet and the Chinese Province of S in- kiang. A lm ost impenetrable mountains and a vast desert to the North make this plateau the only read ily accessible route between S inkiang and Tibet, and in 1954 the Chinese began the construction of a road through the area. Previously, the only re la tive ly modern road in to T ibe t had been an arduous 1,200 m ile road from Lanchow. India, according to the C hristian Science M onitor, d id not begin adm inistering or pa tro ling the desolate Ladakh area u n til as late as 1957.

In 1959, shortly a fte r the C h i-

M ao T se -tu n g

nese had pu t down a revo lt led by T ibetan landlords and slaveowners, many of whom fled to India, figh ting broke out along the McMahon line between Indian and Chinese border guards. On Nov. 7 of that year, the Chinese proposed tha t both sides w ithdraw12 1/2 miles from the existing lines o f control, re fra in from sending out border patrols, and open negotiations. This proposal was rejected by the Indian government, w hich insisted that the Chinese w ithd raw from a ll te rr ito ry claimed by India. However, an uneasy cease-fire ensued which lasted u n til the recent fla re-up.

Minor ClashesIn Nov. 1961, Nehru announced

that Ind ia would, at the proper time, take steps to occupy the te rr ito ry it claimed in Ladakh, and early th is spring flew some 25,000 troops in to the area. B y early September the Ind ian arm y had established some 43 m ilita ry posts beyond the 1959 cease-fire line.

A number of m inor clashes preceded the fu ll-sca le figh ting which began Oct. 20, both in La dakh and in the eastern border area. China protested the Ladakh outposts and charged that Indian troops had crossed the McMahon line in the east to set up an outpost near Che Dong, north of the line. A t the same time, Ind ia was charging Chinese incursions south o f the McMahon line and behind

(Continued on Page 4)

B y F red H alstead“ W hat’s sauce fo r the goose is

sauce fo r the gander.” The whole w orld understands the justice of that. B y demanding United Nations inspection of U.S. bases being used against Cuba, the Revo lu tionary Government of Cuba has made i t easier fo r the w orld to understand w hat is rea lly in volved in Kennedy’s demand fo r inspection of Cuban defenses.

The Cuban position, contained in a Nov. 25 statement (the fu ll te x t appears on page 6 of this issue), is simple: “ The UnitedStates Government demands that the U nited Nations should ve rify in our te rr ito ry the w ithd raw a l of strategic weapons. Cuba demands tha t the U nited Nations should ve rify in the te rr ito ry of the U n ited States, in Puerto Rico and in other places where attacks on Cuba are in preparation, the dism antling o f the tra in ing camps fo r mercenaries, spies, saboteurs

Fidel Castro

and terrorists; of the centres where subversion is prepared; and of the bases from w hich pirate vessels set out fo r our coasts.”

In other words, i f Cuba can be certain tha t i t w il l not be attacked by or from the U.S., it

Grand Jury Indicts 3 Cubans In Alleged ‘Sabotage’ Plot

By Harry RingNEW YORK, Nov. 28 — Two

Cuban-Americans and a member of the Cuban diplom atic s ta ff at the UN were indicted here Nov.21 by a federal grand ju ry on the dual charge of “ conspiring” to com m it sabotage on behalf of Cuba and thereby also “ conspiring” not to register as agents of a foreign government.

The tw o Cuban-Americans, José Garcia and Antonio Sueiro pleaded not g u ilty and are slated fo r t r ia l Dec. 10. Pleading was adjourned in the case of Roberto Santiesteban pending disposition of his demand fo r release on the ground tha t the FB I arrested h im in v io la tion of his d ip lom atic im m unity.

Yesterday Federal Judge Edw ard W einstein heard arguments by Santiestehan’s attorney, Leonard Boudin, to release h im on a w r it of habeas corpus. Counterarguments were presented by U.S. A tto rney V incent B roderick and

More Sit-In Demonstrations Hit Greensboro and Nashville

Nehru

More than tw o years a fte r s it- ins began in Greensboro, N.C., demonstrators are s ti l l being ja iled in tha t c ity fo r attem pting to in tegrate lunch-counter facilities. On Nov. 22, s ix ty demonstrators were arrested fo r attem pting to eat the ir Thanksgiving Day d in ners at the S and W M ayfa ir cafeterias. The sit-ins, conducted by students and facu lty members of the A. and T. Bennett Colleges, were part of a d rive by the Congress of Racial E qua lity against restaurant and theater d iscrim ination. The arrests brought to 100 the number of persons ja iled here over a ten-day period. James Farmer, CORE executive secretary, said the demonstrations

would continue u n til v ic to ry was won, no m atter how many persons were arrested.

S it- in demonstrations were also held over the weekend in Nashv ille , Tenn., scene of a national conference of the Student Nonviolent C o-ordinating Committee. S it- in demonstrators in drug stores were attacked by local racists, and one restaurant owner was charged w ith squ irting a fire extinguisher at demonstrators.

In Mississippi, Chief U.S. M arshal James J. P. McShane surrendered Nov. 21 to Judge Claude F. Clayton, on a w arran t charging h im w ith inc iting the Sept. 30 rio ts against the admission of

(Continued on Page 6)

fu rth e r argument w il l be heard tom orrow. Meanwhile Santiesteban is being held w ithou t bail.

In court yesterday, Ada D rits in , who had been held as a m ateria l witness in the case, was released on her own recognizance on the basis of a w r it o f habeas corpus file d by her attorney Stanley Faulkner who is also defending Garcia and Sueiro. A t the tim e of detention she was held in $25,000 bail. Garcia and Sueiro are being held in $50,000 ba il each, an amount they have been so fa r unable to post.

In a ll its aspects there is bad stench to the government’s role in th is case. The arrests were made by the F B I in a manner clearly calculated to fu rth e r in flame anti-Cuban sentiment in th is country. In th is e ffo rt i t enjoyed the fu l l co-operation o f the press, radio and television, which featured the F B I announcement of the arrests w ith blazing headlines and fantastic stories of a p lo t to unleash a bloody reign of te rro r in the c ity inc lud ing the burn ing of department stores and the destruction o f “ national defense” in stallations and o il refineries.

A ll o f th is was to be accomplished w ith s ix incendiary bombs, three hand grenades and one unloaded p istol w hich the Justice Departm ent claims i t found concealed in a shop owned by Garcia.

The government sought to create the lin k w ith Cuba by bring ing the UN Mission in to the “ conspiracy” and by noting to the press that Garcia is president of Casa Cuba, a social club supported by the pro- Castro Cuban com m unity here, and tha t Sueiro is treasurer of the club. I t was also alleged that both had been active in the F a ir P lay fo r Cuba Committee and the now defunct 26th of Ju ly Movement.

Santiesteban is being held on the flim sy legalistic claim that a l-

(Continued on Page 4)

won’t need special weapons fo r its defense against such attack. “ Reciprocal concessions and guarantees” are necessary say the Cubans. The U.S. government has indicated its re jection of th is reasonable proposal.

This makes more clear to the w orld the fact tha t Kennedy has been insisting on un ila tera l in spection of Cuba, not out of fear of strategic weapons there, b u t as an excuse to continue a ir fligh ts over Cuba and other preparations fo r crushing the Cuban Revolution.

This policy was b lu n tly described in a Washington dispatch by Tad Szulc in the Nov. 22 New Y ork Times:

The Real Purpose“ The U nited States intends to

keep its position on Cuba flu id w ith the hope tha t P rem ier F ide l Castro’s status at home and in te rna tiona lly w il l deteriorate. This is the A dm in is tra tion ’s purpose in the new phase of the Cuban crisis fo llow ing . . . l if t in g o f the naval quarantine . . . The cornerstone of United States po licy in the cu rrent stages of the Cuban problem is its insistence that P rem ier Castro subm it to in te rna tiona l in spection . . .

“ Actua lly , the A dm in istra tion is reasonably satisfied tha t a ll the missiles have been taken out of Cuba. I t has no doubts that the bombers w il l be shipped out w ith in 30 days . . . The A dm in is tra tion does not seriously expect either tha t the Soviet U nion w il l again begin secretly to move nu clear weapons in to Cuba.”

Napalm BombsW hy then has Kennedy been in

sisting on inspection? The dispatch continues: “ O ffic ia ls here believe tha t what seems scheduled to be a long argument over the inspection issue w il l m ain ta in the whole situation in a h igh ly desirable state of f lu id ity con tribu ting to underm ine fu rth e r . . . P rem ier Castro.”

This “ h igh ly desirable state of flu id ity ,” includes m ain ta in ing the m ilita ry force b u ilt up near Cuba. A Nov. 27 Chicago D a ily News dispatch revealed tha t “ a va rie ty of a ir force fighters,” flow n to F lo rida from “ a ll over the U.S.” and armed w ith “ rockets, bombs and napalm fire bombs” rem ain on the ready.

Cuban Position on PeaceThe new Cuban counter-propo

sal makes i t d iff ic u lt fo r Kennedy to use the inspection issue to precip ita te a new crisis im m ediately. The statement containing the proposal also has broader s ignificance. I t is an im portant presentation of the Cuban position on the problem of w o rld peace.

I t recognizes peace as “ the supreme aspiration of m ankind,” presents a reasonable a ttitude to w ard attempts to alleviate the dangers of w ar and points out tha t peace is not broken by revo lution but by the im perialists. “ I t must be made quite clear to them,” says the statement, “ that they are in no position today to impose the ir law on the w orld and that they w il l not be perm itted to do so.”

Cease-Fire Uncertain In China-India Clash

Page Two THE M ILITA N T Monday, December 3, 1962

Peaceful Co-Existence - What Is It?By Tom Kerry

In the recent New Y ork guberna to ria l elections, a leading spokesman f or the Am erican Comm unist P a rty warned against vo ting fo r the candidates of the Soc ia lis t W orkers Party, because “ the phrase ‘peaceful co-existence’ [w as] completely absent” from the SWP election p latform .

Because of th is dereliction, the readers of The W orker were given to understand tha t the “ p rinc ip le ” of peaceful co-existence could best

L e n in

be served by electing Kennedy Democrats to office. I f our readers th in k th is logic a b it strained i t Is only because i t is!

A t best, the shopworn phrase, peaceful co-existence, has degenerated in to a vapid cliche. A t worst, i t is a ritu a lis tic exercise in po litica l semantics, designed to cloak a po licy of class betrayal. And i t is in this second sense that i t has been consistently applied by the Am erican CP.

The phrase, peaceful co-existence, defies precise de fin ition. Those who have elevated i t to a card ina l princ ip le of “ M a rx is t- Len in is t” theory and practice cannot agree on w hat i t means. L ike an em pty vessel i t can be fille d with any content.

For example: Moscow and Peking have disputed at great length and fo r a considerable span of tim e over questions of policy in w h ich the phrase peaceful coexistence has been variously in terpreted by each to condemn the other.

China-India PactThe Yugoslav version of “ ac

tive peaceful co-existence” d iffe rs f rom both. China and Ind ia concluded a peaceful co-existence pact in the summer of 1954 w hich was la te r extended to include the Sov ie t bloc in Europe and a num ber of uncom m itted states in Asia. For the f irs t time, the attempt was made to spell out the “ p r in ciples” of peaceful co-existence.

Dubbed by the Indians as the Pancha Shila o f peaceful co-existence, the pact embodied the now - famous “ five princip les” : (1) re spect fo r te rr ito r ia l in te g rity and sovereignty; (2) non-aggression;(3) non-interference in domestic a ffa irs fo r whatever reason — economic, po litica l, o r ideological;(4) equa lity and m utua l benefits; and (5) peaceful co-existence.

Yet, although the Pancha Shila is, presumably, s ti l l in fu l l force and effect, i t has not prevented armed conflic t in the border w ar between Ind ia and China. This is no t surprising considering tha t the

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“ five princip les” have more in common w ith muddle-headed l ib eralism than w ith M arxism , w hich spurns lo fty abstractions and deals w ith the real w o rld in which we live .

The Pancha Shila is a plagiarism from the golden book of bourgeois- democratic mythology. Its firs t three “ princip les” have been borrowed, almost verbatim , from the charter of the United Nations, whose exalted tenets have been honored more in the breach than in the observance. The fou rth “ p rinc ip le ” is a meaningless abstraction and the f if th , a mere re ite ra tion of the r itu a l phrase itself.

Probably the most monstrous perversion of h istory is the a ttem pt to claim Lenin as the source of the “ peaceful co-existence” policy. I t is not the least of the products of the Stalin School of Falsification. S ta lin was notorious fo r his technique of tearing out of context quotations from Len in to ju s tify and bolster a policy tha t did violence to the whole of Len in ’s life and teaching.

As a m atter of h istorica l tru th , the theory and practice of “ peacefu l co-existence” is a creation of S ta lin not Lenin. S ta lin sought h istorica l precedent in Len in ’s controversies w ith the u ltra - le fts a fte r the Bolshevik conquest of power in October 1917, especially in the dispute tha t raged around the B rest-L itovsk peace treaty.

U ltra -Le ftsThe u ltra - le fts opposed, in p rin

ciple, the conclusion of a peace trea ty w ith Germany, and advocated carry ing on a revo lu tionary w ar. Len in denied the v a lid ity of any such princip le, saw tha t the young Soviet Republic was in no condition to carry on the w ar against the German m ilita ry machine and advocated submission to the te rr ito r ia l demands o f the German brigands.

We must surrender space in order to gain time, he said, fo r the German workers to come to our assistance by m aking the ir own revolution. Lenin viewed the Soviet State as a beleaguered fortress in a sea of hostile capita lis t states. “ I t is im portan t fo r us to hold out,” he said, “ u n til the coming of a general socialist revolution, and we can achieve th is only by signing the peace.”

Matching word w ith deed, as was his practice, Len in pressed fo r the form ation of the T h ird (Com m unist) In ternational, to o rganize the vanguard party o f the w orld revolution. The most effective defense of the revolution, he averred, was the extension of the October conquests to other nations. He viewed th is as a more or less prolonged process in w hich the Soviet Union w ould be compelled to co-exist (hold out) side by side w ith w orld capitalism.

However, Lenin entertained no illusions, nor did he sow any, about w hat th is w ould entail. “ A free union of nations in socialism,” he emphasized, “ is impossible w ithou t a more or less lengthy and stubborn struggle of the socialist Republics against the rem aining states.”

Class C onflic t UnavoidableA t no tim e d id Lenin ever en

te rta in the notion tha t the class struggle fo r workers power be subordinated to the exigencies of “ peaceful” co-existence between states w ith conflic ting social systems. Such an idea w ould have ben anathema to him . In 1919, at the tim e of the form ation o f the T h ird In ternationa l, he explained his position again:

“ We live not only in a State bu t in a system of States, and the existence of the Soviet Republic beside the im peria lis t states d u ring a lengthy period of tim e is in conceivable. In the ve ry end e ither one or the other w il l w in . And before th is result, a series of most ho rrib le conflicts between the Soviet Republic and the bourgeois states is unavoidable.”

Len in saw in the isolation of the

firs t workers state a weakness w hich could find its fundam ental solution only in the extension of the socialist revolution. Stalin seized upon th is isolation as ju s tifica tion fo r the prom ulgation of a “ new” theory — the bu ild ing of “ socialism in one country.”

From the S ta lin is t theory of bu ild ing socialism in a single country there flowed, inexorably, the policy of subordinating the w orld communist movement to the diplom atic po licy of the K rem lin . For, i t was argued, to bu ild socialism in the USSR required a lengthy period of tim e in w hich “ peace” must be assured. The parties of the T h ird In ternational were thoroughly bureaucratized and converted in to fro n tie r guards to ensure “ peace” by supporting the good, “ peaceloving” capitalists, against the bad.

“Collective Security”P rio r to W orld W ar I I the

S ta lin is t policy of peaceful coexistence went by the name of “ collective security.” D id i t serve to ensure peace? On the contrary, the policy was blown sky-h igh by the H itle r-S ta lin pact which ushered in the bloody war. The subsequent invasion of the Soviet Union resulted in incalculable destruction. And the cost in terms of human life have been estimated at 20 m illio n Russian dead.

W ith the end of the war, the theory of peaceful co-existence was given its most fantastic expression. The leaders of the A m erican Communist P arty declared tha t the class struggle was outmoded. That the treaties, pacts

Stalin

and agreements, signed by the victorious a llied powers at Teheran, Yalta, Casablanca, B re t- ton Woods, Potsdam, etc., had ushered in a new era o f class peace on a w orld scale. The whole edifice was to be crowned by a new edition of the League of Nations — the U nited Nations.

N o-S trike PledgeI f there was to be no class strug

gle, then obviously workers w ould have no need of the strike weapon. Fo llow ing w ord w ith deed, the Am erican CP launched a nationw ide campaign fo r labor and management to enter in to agreements, incorporating the provision of a permanent no-strike pledge! This was “ peaceful co-existence” elevated to the po in t of insanity.

True, th is period of euphoria was not long to endure. I t was soon dispelled by the ch illin g w inds of the cold w a r w hich gripped the w orld fo llow ing W inston C hu rch ill’s bellicose 1946 speech in Fulton, M issouri. A fte r a b rie f f lir ta t io n w ith th ird party politics, the American CP settled down to its present line of supporting Democrats as the “ lesser e v il.”

I f th is be “ peaceful co-existence” then we w ant no pa rt of it !

Crisis Easing? — Selective Service headquarters says P atrick R e illy of Philadelphia won’t have to serve in the arm y even though he had been served a d ra ft notice. R e illy is 78.

The In te rnationa l Typographical Union has authorized the taking of a strike vote Dec. 2 by its a ffilia te , New Y ork Typographical U nion No. 6. “ B ig S ix ” represents 3,100 prin ters at nine New Y ork C ity newspapers where the contracts expire Dec. 7. A uthorization from the international fo r a s trike vote before contract exp ira tion is unprecedented fo r the local. The prin ters have declared that a settlement obtained by the Newspaper G uild from the New York D aily News and fou r other papers, ca lling fo r wage increases averaging less than 2.5 per cent, is not a pattern fo r them.

B ig S ix President Bertram A. Powers said the local “ is determined to pu t an end to the technique of the Publishers Association of agreeing w ith one of ten unions, ca lling tha t agreement a pattern, and denying collective bargaining to the unions tha t fo llow .” The prin te rs are demanding a reduction in the w o rk week to 30 from 36V4 hours, a substantial wage increase and tra in ing fo r workers displaced by new machines. The New Y ork Guild says i t w il l support a p rin te rs ’ strike.

* * »More and more overtim e is being

worked by U.S. factory workers in spite of continuing high levels of unemployment. Overtime at penalty pay, usually tim e and one half, rose to an average o f three hours a week fo r some 12 m illion factory workers th is fa ll. That is as high as i t has been since the Bureau of Labor Statistics began com piling these figures in 1956. A t th is rate, the overtim e replaces900,000 fu ll- t im e workers.

* * *

The U nited A uto W orkers andthe In te rnationa l Association of Machinists have failed to obtain the specified tw o-th irds m a jo rity vote fo r a union-shop clause in contracts w ith Ryan, N orth Am erican, and Convair aerospace corporations.

The procedure fo r such a vote as w e ll as the need to hold i t was part o f a federal mediation p ro posal accepted by the unions and a ll the companies but Lockheed, w hich faced a strike deadline on the issue Nov. 28.

* * *Youngstown Steelworkers Local

1330 sought s trike authorization from the in ternationa l union last week. Some of the local’s members have been bumped o ff jobs by salaried supervisory employees being demoted as a result o f a heavy cutback in w h ite -co lla r jobs at the U.S. Steel Corporation. The company has announced i t w il l reduce its w h ite -co lla r force “ sign ifica n tly ” in the next few months. Indus try sources estimate tha t over a thousand w h ite -co lla r jobs w il l be e lim inated in various U.S. Steel operations.

* * *A strike against speed-up by

6,700 General Motors workers,

members of U AW Local 25, was settled Nov. 25. The strike had shut down the Chevrolet assembly and Fisher Body plants in St. Louis since Nov. 13.

* * *

The In ternationa l Brotherhood of Teamsters has petitioned fo r a National Labor Relations Board election to gain bargaining rights fo r 17,000 Western E lectric telephone installers now represented by the Communications W orkers of America, A FL-C IO . Leading the IB T drive is Kenneth Silvers, form er CW A national d irector o f the un ion ’s insta llers un it. S ilvers and 18 others were recently expelled from the CW A fo r leading the move to sw itch the u n it in to the IBT.

One key issue involved is the fact that the last installers contract was signed by CW A president Joseph Beirne over the p ro test of S ilver. The contract contained a hated m erit clause tha t leaves advancement raises to the discretion of the company. Beirne signed i t in spite of promises tha t i t w ould be elim inated. Since the bo lt to the IB T by leaders of the un it, Beirne has declared tha t the m erit clause “ has got to go.” Negotiations fo r a new contract come up in 1963.

* * *

A strike by East and G u lf Coastlongshoremen seems lik e ly to resume Dec. 23. The 80-day coolin g -o ff period invoked by K ennedy ends this month and the IL A membership is not expected to accept the employers’ latest o ffe r fo r a nine-cent raise and a cu t in w o rk gangs.

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Monday, December 3, 1962 THE M ILITA N T Page Three

Persecutions in Chile for Pro-Cuba ActionsBy Carlos Hugembert

SOMEWHERE IN C HILE, Nov.13 — A t the very moment when hum anity was on the b rink of a w orld w ar and revo lu tionary Cuba was on the point of inva sion by the Yankee imperialists, the only organized po litica l force in Chile which took to the streets to lead the fig h t in defense of Cuba was the M ovim iento de Fuerzas Revolucionarias (M ovem ent of R evolutionary Forces) to w hich the T ro tskyis t Partido Obrero Revolucionario (Revolutionary W orkers P arty) belongs.

The street demonstrations which began Oct. 23 were led by C lo tar- io Blest, leader of the Chilean w orkers and of the MFR, and by the Trotskyists. They led the march w hich followed the mass meeting of some 15,000 called by CUT (Central Unica de T rabajadores — Chilean Central Labor C ouncil) to defend the Cuban Revolution. POR was the organization which d istributed the greatest number of leaflets and issued press releases and bulle tins as the w orld events took place.

R ight a fte r the mass street demonstration, C lotario Blest and four Trotskyists — Lu is V ita le, F. U lloa, A. M iranda and M. Contreras — were arrested. Those a rrested were tem porarily freed Oct. 26. A few days la ter the oligarchic and p ro -im peria lis t government o f President Alessandri began the tria ls.

The MFR and the POR were charged w ith having d istributed propaganda calling fo r a general s tr ike in defense of Cuba. A ll rad io stations broadcast tha t Blest and the Trotskyists were d irecting a ll the pro-Cuba actions.

Accused of TerrorismOn October 26 a bomb was ex

ploded near President Alessandri’s house. On Oct. 27 a bomb was placed in the Ford M otor Company. I t caused some damage. Tragedy struck on the 28th: a supporter of the Cuban Revolution who allegedly was m aking a bomb to th row at the American Embassy lost both hands and an eye when i t exploded. Im m ediately after th is dozens of people were re-arrested, accused of terrorism , and charged w ith being in the pay o f the Cuban Embassy. The homes of several Trotskyists were searched and the POR leaders — among them its secretary, H um berto Valenzuela — had to go into h id ing. C lotario Blest was arrested fo r the th ird tim e in a week— he has been arrested 23 times fo r having defended the Cuban Revolution — and charged w h ile in ja il.

On Nov. 3 the newspaper El M ercurio stated: “ The undersecre ta ry of the In te rio r declared tha t a deportation order had been issued against Lu is V ita le , one of those im plicated in the a ffa ir. V itale, an Argentin ian, became a Chilean citizen and has taken part in illega l activ ities since he entered the country. He w rote a book w hich he d istributed w idely . . .” O ther bourgeois newspapers described h im as a “ professional in te rnationa l agitator w ith a long h istory in the Argentine and in other countries,” etc., etc.

In the face of such arbitrariness— since he had not yet made any statement because he was in h id ing and no evidence had been presented against h im , V ita le sent a le tter, from which we quote the fo llow ing :

YevtushenkoThe Novem ber issue o f the Young Socialist, Am erica's only socialist youth newspaper, features an in terview with Soviet Poet Yevgeny Yevtushenko by G eorge Saunders, translator o f a number o f Yevtushenko's poems. Enter your subscription now to be sure o f receiving this issue.

I YEAR I D O LLAR

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“ The government wants to deny me m y Chilean citizenship and to deport me. I am a naturalized citizen o f Chile. I have a w ife and a daughter who are Chilean. And I am figh ting so that my fa m ily and the workers may live in a better w orld, a socia list w orld. M y thoughts and my actions have always been revo lutionary bu t I have never fa llen into the error of engaging in in d iv idua l te rro ris tic activities, re moved from the masses. Rather I have always appealed to the mobilized workers. I believe that the m obilization of the masses is the only th ing that at the present tim e can restrain the attack of the Yankee executioner against revo lu tionary and w orker’s Cuba.

“ The wave of persecution which the bourgeoisie has loosed against Blest, leader of the M FR and against POR and its Trostskyist leaders, includ ing the w rite r of th is letter, is part of a vast plan of repression through which the F B I and the Chilean oligarchy hope to put out of action the Socia list Party, the Communist Party and the CUT i f they succeed in breaking relations w ith Cuba.

“We Should Act Like Fidel”“ To be on the defensive at the

present tim e w ould mean our death. We should act as F idel did . . . counterattacking, always counterattacking . . . That is w hy I asked the CUT not to perm it the revocation of m y citizenship or m y deportation from Chile.”

This le tter, sent by V ita le to CUT, labor unions and parties, was published in C hile ’s most popular newspaper, El C larin. The entire le tte r was read on the radio program Entretelones, the most listened to program of po litica l commentary in Chile.

Several organizations have responded to V ita le ’s appeal. The CUT has had an audience w ith the M in is te r of In te rio r. There was also a demonstration o f class so lida rity at the Nov. 10 meeting o f 7,000 people held by FRAP [Frente de Accion Popular — an an ti-im peria lis t fro n t participated in by the Socialist Party, Comm unist Party, the bourgeois nationa lis t Padena, the Partido Radical D octrinario and the nationa lis t Vanguardia Nacional del Pueblo].

Commenting the fo llow ing day on th is meeting, the newspaper El C larin (Nov. 12) said: “ A message sent by Lu is V ita le, a naturalized Chilean labor leader, persecuted by the po litica l police and against whom a deportation order is pending, was read. V ita le asks in his le tter that CUT — even i f i t does not agree w ith his polit ic a l position — mobilize itse lf to prevent the government from denying h im his rights. The message was sent from ‘somewhere in Chile.’ H is request received a favorable response among those who were present. On the 11th the M ovim iento L ibe rta rio , an anarcho-syndicalist tendency, called a meeting at which a resolution was adopted demanding the freedom of C lotario Blest and w ithd raw a l of the order cancelling V ita le ’s c itizenship. The meeting called by FRAP at w hich support was given to V ita le was broadcast on radio. In addition, a petition is being circulated among labor leaders, w riters, and professionals asking the government to rescind the orders against V ita le.

The Communist P arty of C hile has played a sin ister role. Its weekly magazine Vistazo published the fo llow ing artic le on the fro n t page: “ The Movement of Revolutionary Forces, the party of Blest, M iranda, and Lu is V ita le (the naturalized Chilean citizen being sought by the police) is made up of class-conscious w o rk ers, bu t who ideologically and practica lly do not conceive of any other w ay fo r the workers to achieve power than by ‘v io len t means.’ They are instrum ents which the reactionaries use fo r

Clotario Blest

the ir ends. The po litica l police of F. Acebal know very w e ll the comings and goings of these organizations which are a discredit to the people’s movement . . . They receive generous funds from the C IA which pays fo r a ll te rro ris tic activities in L a tin Am erican countries. The police arrested C lotario Blest who was pa rtic ipa ting in the street meetings together w ith other provocateurs.”

The very same issue of Vistazo, organ of the CP, publishes photos of some of those who are under arrest and the ir comrades who are not under arrest w ith such captions as, “ He is a te rro ris t by avocation,” “ Another of the in struments used by the C IA fo r its ruinous ends,” “ One of the novice terrorists,” etc. A nd i t gives a whole series of data to the police to make i t easier fo r them to arrest more comrades.

A ll th is demonstrates tha t the bureaucratic leadership of the Chilean CP continues to suffer from its old S ta lin ist vices. W ith m alevolent in ten t i t attacks a f ig ure such as Blest (who has been

Elected Candidates BarredThe Supreme Electoral Court of

B raz il has refused to ce rtify the election of two candidates fo r federal deputy in the Oct. 7 elections on grounds tha t they are Communists. This decision could bar from the congress a num ber of newly-elected deputies who are accused of having Communist connections. Among those mentioned is Francisco Juliao, organizer of the peasant leagues in northeastern Brazil. The tw o deputies who were blocked from taking office by the electoral court, Gerald Rodriguez dos Santos and Jose Rio Branco Pranhos, were candidates of the B razilian Labor Party.

Cambodia Charges RaidThe government of Cambodia

charged Nov. 23 that South V ie tnamese troops invaded Cambodian te rr ito ry the previous Sunday, fir in g on peasants and destroying a rice fie ld . A Cambodian communique said the Diem troops had penetrated nearly tw o miles in to Cambodia under a ir cover of two fig h te r planes before w ithdraw ing. The Cambodian government w arn ed Saigon tha t i f South V ietnam committed fu r ther vio lations re su lting in deaths, d ip lom atic re lations would be severed.

UngratefulDespite the stand taken by the

Ind ian Communist P arty backing India against the Chinese workers’ state, and the statement issued Oct. 23 by three leaders of the party calling on a ll pa trio tic In dian forces to “ ra lly as one man in defending the safety and in teg rity of our motherland,” In dia’s bourgeois government is un

president of the CUT fo r nine years), the MFR and the T ro tskyists because it is now d iff ic u lt fo r them to defend themselves openly since the ir leaders are in hiding.

The fact tha t the CP has fin g ered fo r the police the only people in Chile who defended the Cuban Revolution w ith actions has caused much concern in the labor movement, and pa rticu la rly among the Communist P a rty ’s rank and file , who have approached T ro tskyis t comrades to te ll them that they are not in agreement w ith the methods used by the ir leaders.

The newspaper E l C larin in its ed ito ria l of Nov. 11 defended the comrades who were under attack, saying the fo llow ing : “ A magazine w hich is edited in Santiago m aintained tha t a p lo t was being brewed by the reactionaries of Chile, and financed w ith dollars supplied by the C IA . On the other hand the po litica l police m ainta in tha t i t was financed by Cuban dollars and carried out by agents o f F idel Castro. Both the magazine and the police fe ll in to the e rro r of im aginary extrem ism by creating fantastic and incredible stories. The tru th is tha t there was no plot, tha t there were no dollars, there was no Cuban money nor were there agents of anyone . . .”

The root of the problem is tha t the CP was forced to unmask i t self through the use of police methods because the rank-and- file Communist is unhappy about the CP leadership’s inaction in defense of Cuba and they have looked w ith sympathy on the action taken by the M FR and the Trotskyists, and in addition they co-operated w ith the Trotskyists— w ithou t a show of sectarianism— in the street demonstrations of Oct. 23, 24, and 25. I t must be taken in to account tha t th is in terna l crisis of the CP has been developing fo r several years and has caused the separation from i t o f several groups, some of which have jo ined the T ro tskyist movement. I t must also be taken in to

impressed. On Nov. 21, 200 Indian Communist P arty members, in c luding members o f parliam ent and state legislatures, pa rty o ff icials, fo rm er m inisters and jo u rnalists were placed under arrest.

Inquiry in Mexican IncidentsThe office of the A tto rney

General in Mexico announced Nov. 23 tha t i t had opened an investigation in to a series of anti-government activ ities around the country. Among the incidents under investigation are an attack Nov. 16 on an arm y garrison by about 300 fa rm laborers in a v illage near Oaxaca, an attack by armed c iv ilians Nov. 17 on the town ha ll of H idalgo in the state of Michoacan, and the arrest of 30 persons charged w ith attem pting to lead attacks on the state police in M exica li Valley, Low er Californ ia. A member of the House of Deputies has accused the r ig h tis t Nationa l Action P arty of responsibili ty fo r the incidents. I t denied the charge.

Arrest 300 in South AfricaH eavily armed police raided the

A frican quarters in Paarl, South A frica , at dawn Nov. 23. They arrested 300 A fricans accused of partic ipating in a r io t the previous day in which ten persons were k illed , eight o f them A fricans who died when police opened fire on a demonstration. Police said they sought to smash “ a dangerous A frican underground movement.” A n ind ication of the tension which exists in the com m unity was given by the tow n’s only gunsmith who said that he had sold nearly a ll his stock o f automatic pistols and revolvers. Only whites are allowed

account tha t th is crisis is taking place in the strongest CP in La tin America. I t is the strongest w o rk ers’ pa rty in Chile — i t elected fou r senators and 16 members of congress, po lling nearly 11 per cent of the votes cast in the 1 96 1 elections. A t present, the Chilean CP is stronger than the B raz ilian CP which up to a few years ago was the bastion of Communism in L a tin America. The crisis o f the CP has worsened w ith Havana’s opposition to Khrushchev’s un ila te ra l action during the Cuban crisis and w ith the C h ina-Ind ia border clash. CP w rite rs and ra n k - and -file members are beginning to have grave doubts. They are approaching Trotskyists and saying to them in a fr ie n d ly manner: Please le t me have some o f tha t ‘d is rup tive ’ lite ra tu re w hich you people published. I m erely w an t i t to c la r ify some doubts I have.

Repercussions of these great in ternationa l events coincide w ith dissatisfaction in the CP ranks w ith the ir leaders’ role of restra in ing the masses in the face of grave domestic problems now confronting the Chilean workers. The cost of liv in g has gone up more than 50 per cent In tw o weeks due to the devaluation o f the Chilean monetary u n it and the consequent increase in the price of the dollar. In response to pressure from its ranks, CUT has scheduled a 24-hour nation-w ide strike fo r Nov. 19.

S low ly but surely the M FR — a new revo lu tionary movement — is beginning to take shape In Chile. I t is s im ila r to other movements o f a new type w hich have arisen in L a tin Am erica in the past three years. I t is a movement in which the Chilean T ro tskyists are p laying a decisive ro le because of the ir program, orientation, organizational a b ility and determined action to accelerate, both in Chile and throughout L a tin America, the socialist revo lu tion w hich da ily comes closer to re a lity on our continent.

to own guns in racist South A frica , A fricans have armed themselves w ith homemade machetes, clubs, iron bars, and other improvised means o f defense.

New Cuban-Soviet FilmThe production of a jo in t So-

v iet-Cuban f i lm w il l get under way in Havana during January. The film , “ Soy Cuba” ( I am Cuba), w il l be based on a scrip t by Soviet poet Yevgeny Yevtushenko and Cuban poet Enrique Barnet. I t w il l be directed by Soviet d irector M ikh a il Kalatsov, who d irected the Soviet film , “ The Cranes A re F ly ing .”

Bastion of the Free W orldO ffic ia ls o f the m ilita ry d icta

torship in South Korea have in dicated tha t i f a referendum scheduled fo r December on p ro posed constitu tional changes does not tu rn out to the ir satisfaction, the present regime w il l “ continue inde fin ite ly .” One of the p ro v isions of the new constitu tion is that only members of po litica l parties may run in elections. The ju n ta plans to procla im a law “ regulating” po litica l parties before the end of the year, w ith the aim of “ C urbing the advent of an excessive num ber of m inor parties and banning a ll “ le ftis t” po litica l parties and groups. Junta members said p riva te ly tha t they w ould tolerate the emergence o f “ one or two conservative opposition parties.” There is speculation tha t the jun ta m ight organize both government and opposition parties in order to have the “ tw o -pa rty system” i t has pledged. The ju n ta receives a considerable amount of help from U.S. advisors.

World Events

Page Four THE MILITANT Monday, December 3, 1962

THE MILITANTEditor: JOSEPH H A N S E N

M anaging Editor: GEO RG E L A V A N Business Manager: K A R O L Y N K E R R Y

Published w eekly , except from Ju ly 11 to Sept. 5 when published b i-w eek ly , by The M ilita n t Publishing Ass'n., 116 U nivers ity P I., N ew Y ork 3, N .Y . Phone C H 3-2140. Second-class postage paid at N ew Y ork , N .Y . Subscription: $3 a year; Canadian, $3.50; foreign, $4.50. Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily represent The M ilitan t's views. These are expressed in editorials.

V o l. 26 - No. 44 M onday, D ecem ber 3, 1962

Fair Housing — Within LimitsB o th m a jo r pa rties recognize th a t J im C row p lays an im

p o rta n t ro le in p e rp e tu a tin g the p ro f it system to w h ic h th e y are so a rd e n tly dedicated. T h a t’s w h y i t is n ’t easy to w in a measure lik e the P re s id e n t’s lo n g -o ve rd u e execu tive o rd e r aga inst d is c r im in a tio n in fe d e ra lly supported housing. A n d th a t ’s w h y , w hen th e o rd e r was f in a l ly issued, i t con ta ined so fe w teeth.

The o rde r covers o n ly such m u lt ip le -d w e llin g categories as a p a rtm e n t houses and housing developm ents. The sale o f in d iv id u a l homes is n o t inc luded . The o rde r doesn’t cover e x is tin g housin g and w i l l a ffe c t o n ly new housing d ire c tly financed b y such agencies as the F edera l H ous ing A u th o r i ty and the V e terans A d m in is tra t io n . A 1961 proposal b y th e P re s id e n t’s C iv i l R igh ts C om m ission th a t such an o rde r in c lu d e fe d e ra lly insu red bank loans was re jec ted b y K ennedy.

F u rth e r , the a d m in is tra tio n in tends to en force th is v e ry l im ite d m easure o n ly to the degree th a t p o p u la r pressure com pels i t to . A W h ite House spokesman said c o u rt ac tion w o u ld be taken against v io la to rs o f the o rd e r “ o n ly as a las t re so rt.”

C iv i l- r ig h ts groups l ik e the N a tio n a l C om m ittee A g a in s t D is c r im in a tio n in H ousing, the N a tio n a l U rb a n League and the N A A C P are ge n e ra lly agreed th a t w h ile the o rd e r is a s ig n if ic a n t open ing wedge, i t m us t be g re a tly s trengthened.

The a d m in is tra tio n has tr ie d to coun te r such c r it ic is m w ith n o t- fo r -a t t r ib u t io n suggestions to th e press th a t the o rd e r m ay be en larged in the course o f tim e . B u t th e a tt itu d e o f the a d m in is tra t io n was expressed m ore p rec ise ly b y a “ top W h ite House a ide” w h o is quoted in the N ov. 21 N ew Y o rk Post as say ing : “ I f i t is successful in b re a k in g up housing d is c rim in a tio n w ith o u t h u r t in g hom e b u ild in g , i t w i l l in a ll lik e lih o o d be ex tended .”

O r, m ore s im p ly , th e fa te o f the o rd e r w i l l be judged by w h e th e r o r n o t i t in te rfe re s w ith b u ild e rs ’ p ro fits .

. . . Alleged 'Sabotage ' Plot

In Italy

CP Youth in Ferment

(Continued from Page 1) though he had been admitted to th is country s ix weeks previously on a d ip lom atic visa, the State Departm ent had not yet completed processing approval of his d ip lo m atic status at the tim e of his arrest.

In arguing fo r the w r it o f habeas corpus, attorney Boudin charged the arrest of Santiesteban was illega l on three counts: F irst, tha t he did enjoy diplom atic im m un ity (the current m onth ly UN “ blue book” which lists a ll those of d ip lom atic status at the UN in cludes Santiesteban); Secondly, tha t the w ord ing of the government charge strongly indicated the illega l use o f w ire -tapp ing ; And, fin a lly , tha t the charges were based solely on hearsay evidence.

“ Key Witness” Not CalledThis fin a l po in t is given added

w eight by the fact tha t the governm ent secured the indictm ent from the grand ju ry w ithou t ca lling to the the stand its sole mate ria l witness, Miss Dritsas. According to her attorney, M r. Faulkner, she was not even questioned by the U.S. A tto rney ’s o ffice during the period of her detention.

The strong possib ility of a fram e-up is underscored by the use of the notorious charge of “ conspiracy” to com m it a crime. M orton Sobell, fo r example, was convicted not of com m itting espionage bu t of “ conspiring” to do so. Leaders of the Socialist W orkers P arty were railroaded to prison in 1941 on charges, under the Smith Act, not of advocating force and violence but of “ consp iring” to do so. The same method was applied in the Smith Act tr ia ls of the Communist Party leaders. “ Conspiracy” is the vaguest possible type of legal charge and opens the door to a ll types of hearsay evidence that is inadm issib le under other laws.

The vengeful character of the present prosecution w ould be almost humorous i f i t weren’t so serious. I t was someone w ith a

about a m ounting, though confused, le ftis t wave leading to substantial changes — perm itted by the party leadership in a maneuver to obta in the support of the youth — in the FG C I’s organization and methods.

However, many young m ilitan ts took th is maneuver seriously and the CP leadership was soon confronted w ith the accomplished fact of a fa ir ly w e ll organized le ft opposition in the youth federation. This opposition, moreover, won the leadership of some im portant p rovinc ia l federations, including Rome and the im portan t industria l center of T u rin , as w e ll as the ed itoria l board of Nuova Genera- zione, the FGCI newspaper.

Enthusiastic support fo r the Cuban Revolution and the p r in ciples of the Second Declaration of Havana, sharp critic ism of the opportunism o f the French CP and Khrushchev in regard to the A lgerian Revolution, condemnation o f Stalinism , and a substantial opposition to the CP’s opportunism on certain economic, po litica l and cu ltu ra l problems in Ita ly — these were the main points on which a le ft opposition began to coalesce. This tendency held positions s im ila r to those of the le ft w ing in N enni’s Socialist Party and the trade unions.

T o g lia tti’s fig h t against this tendency in the youth has gone several rounds w ithou t obtaining a fin a l po litica l v ic to ry or smashing the opposition by repression. The sharpest moment in the fig h t came after the 22nd Congress of the So-

This week Chicago made the top w ith 100 per cent! This branch is to be congratulated. There has been an in flu x of fine young people in to tha t branch and i t is being reflected in a ll ways — politica l, financia l and organizational.

The General got another nice boost this week — again from the youth! Recently a group of young students in Baltim ore pledged $20. The other day the money came in. Thanks so very much.

Another contribution to The General came from J.K. in V ermont. He also w rote a fine le tte r which you w il l find in the L e tters From Our Readers column. We thank h im too.

San D iego, St. Louis, D etroit, Connecticut and San Francisco are a ll ahead of schedule. U nfortunate ly none o f the others are as fa r up the line as they should be this week — per cent. I t behooves everyone, especially those way

v ie t Communist Party, when Nuova Generazione, by openly publish ing articles and photographs, raised the issue of the m oral and po litica l rehab ilita tion of Leon Trotsky.

The Ita lian CP leadership condemned this position fo r i t was frightened by the reactions from Moscow and from M aurice Thorez, the leader of the French CP. I t was forced, however, to tolerate such positions and to adm it public ly , through one of its leaders, Pajetta, at a press conference, that Trotsky had been a true revo lutionary even though “ his po litica l ideas were wrong.”

A pa rt from the h is to rica l- ju d i- cia l matter, the influence of T ro tsky’s ideas on the Young Communists, especially on the Comm unist students, has been an im portant element in the ir ideological development. This has been fac ilita ted by the fact tha t the new climate in the Ita lian Communist movement does not perm it any bureaucratic ban on T ro tsky ’s w ritings. Books by T rotsky, fo r example, are available to Comm unist members at the lib ra ry of the Gramsci Institu te , the CP’s central national lib ra ry .

The battle begun by the FGCI at its previous national congress goes on. The CP’s tenth national congress has been scheduled fo r December and the debate in the FGCI has already had a certain influence on the debate now going on in the party. T o g lia tti’s policies have found a pow erfu l new le ft opponent.

down at the bottom, to do someth ing serious about th is matter. The fund d rive ends de fin ite ly on December 15.

I t goes w ithou t saying tha t the successful conclusion of th is campaign to raise $15,000 fo r socialist education, is v ita lly im portant. Every day since Kennedy’s Oct.22 threat of nuclear w ar has seen an increase in interest in the Soc ia lis t W orkers P a rty ’s program fo r a w orld of peace, plenty, and equality.

I t would be iron ica l indeed i f the only socialist party in the country w ith such a program were to be hindered in carry ing tha t program to an ever w idening fie ld, because of a lack o f the very necessary w h e re w ith a l — a capita lis t commodity called money.

You can help spread the tru th by contribu ting to th is fund. Send your T ru th Dollars to 116 U n ive rs ity Place, New Y ork 3, N.Y.

Fund ScoreboardC ity Quota Paid Per CentThe General $ 300 $ 332 110Chicago 700 700 100San Diego 250 233 93St. Louis 75 67 90D etro it 625 550 88Connecticut 150 130 87San Francisco 560 488 87Oakland-

Berkeley 525 323 62Newark 125 74 59Seattle 475 259 55Cleveland 500 258 55Milwaukee 225 124 55Tw in Cities 850 455 54New York 4,300 2,311 54Boston 600 302 50A llen tow n 115 55 48Philadephia 225 100 44Los Angeles 4,300 1,800 42Denver 100 27 27

Totals throughNov. 27, 1962 $15,000 $8,588 57

Chicago Hits 100% on Quota For Socialist Education Fund

By Marvel Scholl Fund Drive Director

. China-India Truce Uncertain

g rim ly iron ica l touch who figured out tha t “ conspiracy” to commit sabotage w ithou t f irs t no tify ing the government constitutes a second charge of “ conspiracy” to violate the foreign agents registra tion act.

Since the o rig ina l announcement of the arrests the wave of lyn ch -sp ir it p u b lic ity in the press has curiously subsided. However, the grand ju ry which handed down the indictm ents is reportedly continuing to call witnesses, in c luding several dozen from the Cuban com m unity and a number o f local participants in the Puerto Rican independence movement. This means fu rth e r indictments are possible.

Meanwhile, Radio Havana last n igh t broadcast a detailed record of crimes committed on Cuban soil by U.S.-based saboteurs.

(Continued from Page 1)the outposts Ind ia had set up in Ladakh.

The Chinese government Oct. 3 proposed that negotiations be begun im m ediately on the border dispute and again urged that, pending a peaceful solution of the situation, forces of both sides w ithd raw 12 1/2 miles from the1959 line. Nehru again turned down this offer, and reiterated his position tha t China must yie ld all disputed areas before ta lks could begin. The Chinese rejected N ehru’s demands, stating Oct. 10: “ I f Ind ia should realize its claim fo r the occupation of Chinese te rr ito ry , w hat would there be to discuss?” Nehru announced Oct. 12 that he had ordered Indian troops to clear the Chinese from the disputed te rrito ry .

Indian o ffic ia ls claim tha t this operation had not been begun when Chinese troops began an o ffensive Oct. 20 against Ind ian- held positions. The Chinese charge Ind ia w ith in it ia tin g the conflict. Shortly a fte r fu ll-sca le figh ting

broke out, however, China on Oct. 24 repeated its proposals fo r negotiations and a cease-fire on the basis of the 1959 line. This o ffe r was once more rejected by Nehru who insisted tha t he would not consider talks of any k ind unless India was granted at least the positions i t held as of Sept. 8, 1962, and the figh ting continued.

Under heavy attack, Indian forces were pushed back u n til the Chinese held a m ajor part of the eastern area and had taken the outposts in Ladakh, re tu rn ing the line of control in that area roughly to w hat i t had been in 1959. A t this point, Peking repeated its proposals fo r negotiations and un ila te ra lly in itia ted the present uneasy cease-fire.

Ind ia ’s posture of neu tra lity was badly undercut when, on Oct. 29, Nehru made his f irs t d irect appeal fo r m ilita ry aid from the U.S. A U.S. team, headed by m illiona ire diplom at W. A vere ll H arrim an, is now in Ind ia to assess Ind ia ’s m ilita ry and diplom atic needs in the dispute w ith China.

ROME — D uring October the Federation of Ita lia n Communist Youth (FG C I) held its national convention in Bari. The FGCI is quite a large organization — about250,000 members — p rinc ipa lly young workers and students of good figh ting sp irit and m ilitancy.

I t d iffe rs from Communist youth organizations in other Western European countries — not to mention those in the Soviet-bloc countries — in that, though i t obviously is closely connected to the Ita lian Communist Party, i t has taken advantage of its form al autonomy su ffic ien tly to pe rm it the development o f free debate w ith in its ranks and, in some cases, to elect local leaderships w hich are fa r from being “ orthodox” and acceptable to Palm iro Tog lia tti, the head of the Communist Party of Ita ly .

A t the close of the B ari Congress, Ochetto, the o ff ic ia l CP candidate fo r the post of FGCI national secretary, was elected to the central committee bu t only a fte r his name had been crossed o ff the secret ballots by more than 100 delegates.

Opposition VoteI t should be noted tha t though

Ochetto was the o ffic ia l choice of the CP, his po litica l position is not 100 per cent in agreement w ith tha t of Tog lia tti. Nonetheless, as was shown by the vote Ochetto polled fo r membership on the central committee, the CP leadership’s maneuver to pu t at the head of the youth someone who m ight be acceptable to the opposition did not altogether succeed because a considerable number of delegates considered his position was not su ffic ien tly c ritica l o f party policy.

S till more s ign ificant was the vote fo r FGCI secretary by the central committee to which Ochetto had ju s t been elected. I t was 38 votes fo r Ochetto, 25 against. The immediate consequence was tha t Ochetto, realizing that he could not lead the FGCI against the w il l o f such a large opposition in its central committee, was obliged to accept some of his le ft-w in g opponents onto the FGCI po litica l bureau and national secretariat.

How has this situation, which is ra ther extraord inary fo r the Comm unist movement, come about?

The previous FGCI congress was held im m ediately a fte r the Ju ly1960 demonstrations, when despite bloody repression the workers forced the resignation of the C hristian Democratic government led by Tam broni (who was supported by the fascists in pa rlia m ent). The Communist youth cadres had been in the fo re fron t of th is struggle. This brought

Monday, December 3, 1962 THE M IL ITA N T Page Five

Invaluable Book for Students of U.S. RadicalismT h e F i r s t T e n Y e a r s o f A m e r i c a n

C o m m u n is m : Report of a Partic ipant. By James P. Cannon. 343 pp. New Y ork: Ly le Stuart, $ 6 .00 .

This book is the resu lt o f extensive correspondence between Cannon and the h istorian Theodore Draper, which Draper in itia ted in 1954 in the course of research fo r his tw o scholarly works on the period in question: The Roots of American Communism and A m erican Communism and Soviet Russia.

Cannon’s book consists of le tters w ritte n in answer to questions about the period, plus certa in additions includ ing an in tro duction by Draper and a c ritica l review by Cannon of D raper’s two volumes.

This book also contains essays by Cannon on the Industria l W orkers of the W orld — in which Cannon was a partic ipant — and on Eugene V. Debs and the socialist movement o f his time. In these essays Cannon analyzes the background from w hich the American Communist movement sprang. In cluded also is an essay on the

Russian Revolution and the Am erican Negro movement. Here Cannon traces the key influence of the early Communist In ternationa l on the radical and Negro movements of the 1930’s.

The essays as w e ll as the le tters were prompted by D raper’s probing of Cannon’s memory and the entire contents — in troduction, letters, essays and critic ism— f i t together in a un ified whole grater than the sum o f its parts.

Unique on Several LevelsThe book has unique value on

several levels. Most obviously i t is prim e source material. The author, a founder of American Trotskyism and present national chairman of the Socialist Workers Party, is the only su rv iv ing centra l leader of the form ative days of the U. S. Communist Party who has not repudiated communism. He doesn’t rew rite the histo ry he lived through. H is memory of the period, according to Draper, is “ superior to tha t of all the others.” "Wiese facts alone make th is book a must fo r serious students of American labor h istory and the communist movement.

In addition, the book is history w ith liv in g interest. Cannon traces the seeds of current problems and disputes in the radical, labor, Negro and internationa l po litica l movements. He recalls the good

B nJames P. Cannon

and the bad, the great traditions and the mistakes. The lessons of the past — as Cannon sees them— are drawn.

For active participants in w o rk ing-class politics, the book is a manual o f Len in is t organizational

principles applied to American problems and explained through American experience.

I t is a story too. A tale, above all, o f ind iv idua l human beings, w hat made them tick and w hat made them change. I t contains a number of characterizations of the early U.S. radical figures inc luding Debs, Haywood, V incent St. John, Foster, Ruthenberg, B row der, Lovestone and others. Some of these are short sketches and some run through large sections of the w ork, bu ild ing like the people in a novel.

This makes i t an easy book to read and gives i t the universal interest of a probe in to human character.

Disputes D raperThe w ork is also a defense of

the Russian Revolution and of the value of the ideas of its leaders. Cannon challenges D raper’s centra l thesis tha t the U.S. Communist P arty degenerated because i t tied itse lf to the Russian Revolution.

Cannon points out in some deta il how the party degenerated as i t slipped away from the ideas and trad itions of the Russian Revolution, fo llow ing Stalin in the ir betrayal. “ The analysis of the new and complicated problem of S talin ism .” Cannon w rites, as w e ll as “ fascism and the Second W orld

War, and the programmatic ideas fo r a revo lu tionary opposition, all came from the Russians, in this case Tro tsky and his collaborators

'in the Soviet Union.”Just w hy the early Communist

Party slipped away fro m its o rig ina l purpose, w hat the subjective and objective factors were to tha t process, is the heart of Cannon’s volume. In reca lling the process, he reports the events with ob jectiv ity . B u t there is a lot of hindsight in th is book too, in the fo rm of analysis. The old problems are dissected w ith current problems in m ind and w ith tools sharpened by 56 years in the socialist movement. Not the least o f these tools are the ideas learned from the leaders of the Russian Revolution.

As Cannon says: “ The famous bandit, W illie Sutton, was once asked by a reporter w hy he specialized exclusively on robbing banks. W illie , a th ink ing man’s th ie f, answered r ig h t o ff the bat: ‘Because tha t’s where the money is.’ In the entire h istorica l period since the collapse of the in te rnational socialist movement in the F irs t W orld W ar up to the present, revo lu tionary national parties in every county have had to look to the Russian Revolution and its authentic leaders. That’s where the ideas are.”

—F.H.

“ The B ritish are going to punish whole towns in th e ir attem pt to crush the Mau Mau independence movement in Kenya, East A frica . Compulsory registration of tribesmen and the ir fam ilies, permanent closing of schools considered ‘subversive’ by the government, ru th less police measures in the K ikuyu tr ib a l reserves, have been decided upon. 2,000 head o f cattle and more than 5,000 sheep and goats seized Nov. 10 from a ‘hostile and uncooperative’ K iku yu reserve and confiscated by the government w il l be sold and the money placed in the government’s ‘general revenue’ . . .

“ [Such] ‘collective re trib u tio n ’ against the rebellious K iku yu tribes people by th e ir B ritish ru lers has provoked sharp objections from the Labor Opposition in the House of Commons. Laborite members called such collective punishment ‘un-C hristian,’ ‘im m oral’ and ‘smacking of Nazism.’ ”— Dec. 1, 1952.

“ Responsibility fo r the defeat of the an ti-po ll tax b i l l in the Senate lies not only on the po ll taxers, but also on the Roosevelt adm inistration, the Republican Party and the ‘libe ra l’ Senators, said A. P h ilip Randolph, d irector of the Negro M arch-on-W ashington Movement, in a statement released last week.

“ ‘The most disgraceful spectacle o f democracy in action witnessed in America in contemporary times was the b i-partisan conspiracy of Republicans and Democrats to defeat the a n ti-p o ll tax b ill, ’ said Randolph. . . . ‘I t served de fin ite ly to d is illusion the Negro masses, North, South, East and West, w ith respect to the Republican Party constitu ting the ship fo r the ir salvation, or the Democratic Party representing any hope whatsoever.

“ ‘I t also served to make Negroes completely aware of the fact that the New Deal, even under President Roosevelt’s leadership, is absolutely bankrupt so fa r as p rov id ing any fundam ental answer to the problem of the Negro masses is concerned . . .

“ ‘The Senate’s action causes the Negro people to feel tha t they must re ly on themselves together w ith the tru ly libera l forces of America and the m ighty masses of yellow , brown and black peoples of China, Ind ia and A frica ,’ Randolph said.” — Dec. 5, 1942.

Cannon Book "Indispensable"D etroit, Mich.

James P. Cannon’s new book, The F irs t Ten Years of American Communism, confirm s the belief tha t he is the best w r ite r that the Am erican radical and labor movements ever produced. I t is ind ispensable fo r every student of modern w ork ing class h istory in this country. I t should be of special interest to readers of The M ilita n t, o f w hich Cannon was the firs t editor.

George Breitman

Politics of Co-existenceReading, V t.

I am enclosing a contribution to your fund drive, having been moved to do so by your translation o f Yevtushenko’s poem, Le tte r to America. And I am pleased by your good w ork in public iz ing the Cuban Revolution and p r in ting Castro’s speeches.

The artic le by Tom K e rry , “ Politics of Co-existence,” is a good, va lid polemic against the W orker’s position of support fo r the unscrupulous Democratic Party. Such competition is very healthy fo r the progressive movement here in America. Keep i t on a high level, avoid name-calling.

The Communists are eager to re tu rn to the pleasanter days of collaboration w ith the adm inistration. Pleasanter to them, tha t is. I ’m a fra id th is is a fo r lo rn hope. The m ilita ry , industria l complex has entrenched itse lf in to the polit ica l fabric of our land to such an extent tha t i t w il l not a llow any interference w ith its program of exterm ination fo r inc ip ien t socialism.

They are determined, in every instance “ to strangle that baby in its crib ,” as W inston C hurch ill put i t in his famous pronouncement when the Soviets were firs t formed.

That also now seems a fo rlo rn hope unless they are eager to also exterm inate themselves. The Sov ie t Union and China are now pre tty big boys to even th ink about tak ing to the woodshed, to say nothing of strangling them to death.

We must push on to an in te rnational control over a ll weapons of

mass exterm ination, and to that c iv ilized goal of disarmament.

You people are carry ing on against opposition generated by a fran tic capita lis t system in its death throes. In appreciation of your efforts I enclose th is small contribution.

J.K.

Lord’s DependentsGlens Falls, N.Y.

A fte r the Supreme Court rendered its decision abolishing the prayer tha t had been said in some schools, I w rote to several newspapers as follows:

I t seems to me that the only persons who should acknowledge the ir dependence on the Lord and beg his blessings are those who to il in his vineyard, namely, popes, cardinals, bishops, priests, m in isters, missionaries, et al. The rest of us, i f we are wise, w il l depend on ourselves and each other fo r whatever blessings we th ink i t w ould be nice to have.

K.M.G.

Post-Dispatch on Yevtushenko

Columbus, Mo.Yevtushenko’s poem, Cuban

Mother, is the lament of a mother fo r her son k illed during the abortive invasion of Cuba last year. The h igh ly respected libera l paper, the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, reported about the poem in an artic le entitled, “ A nti-A m erican Russian Poem on Cuban Invasion.”— a fact sim ply not born out even by the fragments of the poem quoted in the article. For example, the poem’s conclusion reads: “ Happy American mother, Do you see th is Cuban mother?” This is sim ply not anti-Am erican or anywhere near it. Rather, the poem proclaims the universal common bond of motherhood and the sentiment of suffering, not an accusation directed at the American people. For w ar is, as Yevtushenko knows, a stra tagem of autocratic governments, not of the people; he is a communist and as such would hard ly e rr in the direction of confusing the American people w ith its hysterical and decadent ru lin g class.

This is not e xp lic itly to con

demn the Post-Dispatch; i t is no Chicago Tribune, God knows, and i t is occasionally excellent in m uckraking reportage and libe ra l- istic editoria liz ing. B u t the point that I ’m m aking is the the Post- Dispatch is trapped by its cap ita l- is t-oriented fram ew ork and, when the chips are down, w il l inva riab ly oppose any socialist-communist oriented government, even though the a lternative be counter-revo lution and fascism. That decent and honorable men are forced to become propagandists, because of the structura l d istortions of contemporary American society, fo r a v icious and m oribund im perialism (and this in the name of Freedom!) is the most te rrib le ind ic tment of the corrosiveness o f capita lism imaginable.

D.C.[A complete English translation

of Yevtushenko’s Cuban M other appeared in the Nov. 5 M ilita n t. E d i t o r . ]

Pro-Cuba CanadiansToronto, Canada

Thought you m ight be pleased to know tha t C arl Feingold’s excellent speech on the Cuban situation, which was carried by a B u ffa lo station, had its effects up here in Canada. A t a convention of the New Democratic P arty (the labor pa rty ) the fo llow ing weekend, a prom inent trade unionist asked me i f I had heard “ tha t te rr if ic socialist speaker” on TV. “ That’s the sort of person we need in the NDP,” he exclaimed, “ and tha t’s the sort o f program and position we should be pu tting fo r w ard.”

O ther M ilita n t readers at the convention and around this area te ll me they heard s im ila r support of the SWP’s position voiced by

rank-and -file unionists and by New Democrats.

There is a considerable body of opinion w ith in the NDP which supports the Cuban Revolution and the Castro government and it is p a rticu la rly encouraging to hear and see the SWP defending Cuba in the heartland o f N orth American im peria lism . Keep up the good work.

DJB.

Top Dog?Baltim ore, Md.

Since the federal government turned a deaf ear to the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Com m ittee’s pleas fo r protection of the ir constitu tional r ig h t to register voters at the polls w ithou t being attacked by Southern cops, perhaps SNCC should go over the president’s head and protest d irectly to J. Edgar Hoover.

A. Robert Kaufman

Yevtushenko FansBloomington, Ind.

We thoroughly enjoyed the translation of Yevtushenko’s poem by George Saunders. Hope he'l l do more — Yevtushenko is a poet of in im itab le stature and even the Russians are a fra id o f him .

Hope you w il l carry more news of the C NVA as you did on the arrest of Jack Sm ith. I t is im portant tha t a ll peace-loving people and groups remain united.

C. and J.H.

Don’t SlipCambridge, Mass.

Keep up w ith your past efforts of p rin tin g a ll the news tha t isn’t seen “ f i t to p r in t” in our m ajor newspapers. Don’t degenerate in to a Weekly People o r a W orker.

S.K.

Thought for the Week“ The Cuban crisis shows us to be a sick society, capable o f th in k

ing only in terms of m ilita ry force, o f w illin g ly accepting the most absurd arguments and explanations w ithou t any serious pub lic questioning. The unan im ity on the Cuban question is frigh ten ing , and more f it t in g fo r a to ta lita rian country w ith a cu lt o f the ind iv idua l than a free and open society. We cannot function w ith the k ind of politics we have had, w ith the kind of mass media we have, w ith the po llu tion of the po litica l dialogue by men who w ould risk c iv iliza tion fo r personal po litica l gain.” — West Coast radio commentator M arshall W indm ille r, as reported in the Nov. 14 York, Pa., Gazette and D aily.

Page Six THE M ILITANT Monday, December 3, 1962

Cuba Makes Kennedy an Inspection Offer[The following is a translation

of the complete text of the statement issued in Havana on Nov. 25 by the Revolutionary Government. The statement was signed jointly by Cuban President Osval- do Dorticos and Cuban Prime M in ister Fidel Castro.]

The National D irectorate of the Integrated R evolutionary Organizations and the Council o f M in is ters, meeting in jo in t session to deal w ith questions re la ting to the so-called Caribbean crisis, hereby resolve to make known to the people o f Cuba and to the w orld the position of our Party and the Cuban Government.

In his latest public statement, President Kennedy announced the l if t in g of the blockade of Cuba in re tu rn fo r the w ithd raw a l by the Soviet U nion of the in term ediate- ra nge ba llis tic missiles and IL -28 medium bombers stationed in Cuba. Nevertheless, the statements b y the President o f the United States contain the seeds of a provocative and aggressive policy against our country, w h ich must be exposed.

Kennedy’s PositionIn one p a rt of his speech, Presi

dent Kennedy said: “ As fo r our part, i f a ll offensive weapons systems are removed from Cuba and kept out of the hemisphere in the fu tu re , under adequate ve rifica tion and safeguards, and i f Cuba is no t used fo r the export of aggressive communist purposes, there w il l be peace in the C aribbean. A nd as I said in September, ‘We shall ne ither in itia te nor perm it aggression in th is hemisphere.’ We w il l not, of course, abandon the po litica l, economic and other e fforts o f this hemisphere to ha lt subversion from Cuba, nor our purpose and hope tha t the Cuban people shall some day be tru ly free. B u t these policies are very d iffe re n t from any attem pt to launch a m ilita ry invasion of the island.”

The position o f strength adopted b y the U.S. Government is w h o lly contrary to the rules of in te rna tiona l law. Over and above the outrages w h ich i t has comm itted against Cuba, and which brought the w orld to the b rin k of war— an outcome avoided by means o f agreements predicated upon an undertaking by the U.S. to aban-

...New Sit-Ins(Continued from Page 1)

James M eredith to the U n ivers ity o f M ississippi. McShane was in dicted by a local grand ju ry which issued a report b lam ing the racist violence on M eredith and the marshals who protected him.

Another Southern un iversity, the U n ive rs ity of Alabama, announced Nov. 26 tha t i t had received applications from tw o more Negroes during the Thanksgiving holidays. The firs t Negro application was received late last month. O n ly one Negro, Autherine Lucy, has attended classes at the u n iversity. She was expelled after three days of attendance during w h ich she underwent v io lent harassment by racists. G overnor- elect George C. W allace has pledged to defy federal au thorities i f they seek the admission of a Negro to the un iversity, bu t a num ber of un ive rs ity o ffic ia ls and local businessmen, led by an avowed segregationist, are reported ly attem pting to change his stand in the interest o f averting violence.

V oter-reg istra tion o ffic ia ls in A labam a’s Montgomery County have been ordered to place on the ro lls the names of over 1,070 persons whose r ig h t to vote has been denied. The federal judge who made the ru lin g stated that fro m Jan. 1, 1956 to June 16, 1961 registrars had approved 96 percent o f the w h ite applicants and rejected more than 75 per cent of Negro applicants.

don its aggressive and crim ina l policy against Cuba — i t refuses even to give an assurance that i t w il l not again v io late the Charter of the United Nations and in te rnational law by invading the Republic of Cuba, on the p re text that our country has not agreed to in ternational inspection.

I t is quite evident tha t Cuba has a 'sovereign righ t, based on the Charter of the U nited Nations, to agree or not to agree to in spection o f its te rrito ry . A t no tim e has Cuba suggested or agreed to such verifica tion.

The Soviet Government, fo r its part, complied w ith the ve rifica tion requirem ent of w h ich i t spoke in its le tte r of Oct. 28, by a llow ing the U.S. to v e rify the w ithd raw a l o f the missiles on the high seas, and the U.S. agreed to th is fo rm of verifica tion.

President Kennedy’s cla im is w ithou t foundation. I t is m erely a pre text fo r not carry ing out his part o f the agreement and fo r persisting in his po licy o f aggression against Cuba. As i f that were not enough, even i f permission were given fo r inspection, ca rrying w ith i t a ll the guarantees which the U.S. Government m ight see f i t to demand, the peace of the Caribbean w ould s til l be subject to the condition tha t “ Cuba is not used fo r the export of aggressive communist purposes.”

This is the same as saying that any e ffo rt by the peoples of La tin America to free themselves from the im peria lis t yoke m ight serve as a p re text fo r the U.S. Government to accuse Cuba, break the peace and attack our country. F lim sier guarantees w ould be d if fic u lt to imagine.

U.S. Spy PlanesTo a ll th is must be added one

fu rth e r fact ind icative of the w a rmongering and domineering policy of the U.S. Government. In his latest statement, President K ennedy ta c itly reasserted the r ig h t — already claimed on several other occasions — fo r spy planes to f ly over the te rr ito ry of Cuba and photograph i t from one end to the other. This too is a gross v io la tion of in ternationa l law.

Respect fo r in ternationa l law is an essential condition i f the nations of the earth are to live together regardless of the ir social or economic systems.

The only effective way to guarantee tha t the ru le of law w il l be maintained in in ternational a ffa irs and that the provisions of the law w il l be complied w ith is fo r a ll nations to respect the established rules. A t th is tim e of acute r iv a lry between tw o conceptions of society, the U.S. has arrogated to itse lf the r ig h t to break the existing in ternationa l rules and to make new rules as i t pleases.

Necessary to ResistI t is our v iew tha t when such

a dangerous situation is reached, when one country decides, by and fo r itse lf, how the law is to be applied in its relations w ith other countries, there is no choice but f irm ly to resist its claims.

The U.S. is try in g to dictate w hat k in d of arms we should or should not have. The U.S. rulers, who oblige us to expend vast re sources in order to defend ourselves against the aggression to w hich we have been subjected during the fou r years of our Revolution's progress, also cla im to be the judges of w hat l im it should be placed on the armaments w ith w hich we defend our freedom.

I t was the U.S. Government which, by its repeated and overt attacks on our country, made it necessary fo r the Cuban people to arm themselves. I t was President Kennedy h im self who ordered an arm y of mercenaries to land at P laya G irón. I t was under his adm inistration tha t thousands upon thousands of United States weapons were dropped by parachute or landed on our shores w ith the aim of encouraging and or

ganizing bands of counter-rev- olutionaries, who committed the w orst possible crimes against teachers, mass lite racy personnel, peasants and workers.

The Governments of the U.S. — the previous one and the present one — not only adopted crim ina l economic measures against Cuba, which confronted our people w ith

severe problems; in addition the ir acts of m ilita ry aggression forced us to devote great energy and great resources to the defense of our in teg rity . W hat would have become o f our country and its Revolution i f our people had not offered stubborn and heroic re sistance to the actions of that pow erfu l and aggressive country? The U.S. is g u ilty of a policy of economic strangulation and of violence against Cuba, a policy w hich has led to the Caribbean crisis w ith a ll its consequences and dangers.

Furtherm ore, the U.S. violated the princ ip le of freedom of the seas by establishing the blockade of Cuba; i t v iolated the Charter of the U nited Nations by announcing the adoption of un ila tera l measures against our country; and i t now takes refuge in the OAS, seeking o ffic ia l sanction fo r its acts o f p iracy in the a ir. The OAS has no ju risd ic tion whatsoever on our soil; its decisions have no v a lid ity fo r us; to cite them is a rb itra ry — pure sophistry on the pa rt o f the im peria lis t aggressor.

The U.S. Government has re iterated its in te rvention is t in tentions. I t has stated tha t i t w il l in no circumstances abandon its polit ica l, economic “ and other” acts o f aggression. W hat is meant by “ other e ffo rts” against Cuba? In terna l subversion, sabotage, acts o f terrorism , pirate raids, in f i lt ra tion by C IA agents, the landing and dropping of weapons in our te rrito ry , invasions by mercenaries— in fact everyth ing which, in Pentagon jargon, is termed “ param ilita ry w arfare.”

I f tha t is how matters stand, Cuba w il l have to defend itse lf by every available means. I t re serves the rig h t to acquire weapons of a ll kinds fo r its defense and w il l take such steps as i t deems appropriate to strengthen its security in the face of this open threat. A fte r exam ining President Kennedy’s statement, then, i t is possible to a ff irm tha t

armed con flic t has been averted bu t not tha t peace has been achieved. For our people there has been no peace, bu t incessant a ttacks. Many of the ir sons have died as a result o f armed attacks, sabotage, murder, subversive acts and raids by pirate a irc ra ft and ships instigated by the U.S. Government. President Kennedy’s

statement offers, not peace, but the continuation of such acts.

We therefore re iterate the five points which are essential to a genuine and fin a l settlement of the crisis. F irs t: cessation of the economic blockade and of a ll measures of commercial and economic pressure exercised against our country by the U.S. in every pa rt of the w orld.

Second: the cessation of a ll subversive activities, of the dropping of weapons and explosives from the a ir and the ir landing from the sea, of the m ounting of invasions by mercenaries, of in filtra tio n by spies and saboteurs, a ll o f which are being carried out from the te rr ito ry of the U.S. and a few countries which are its accomplices.

T h ird : cessation of the pirate raids w hich are carried out from bases in the U.S. and Puerto Rico.

Fourth: the cessation of a llv io lations of our airspace and te rr ito r ia l waters by U.S. a irc ra ft and warships.

F ifth : w ithd raw a l from Guantanamo naval base and the restoration of the Cuban te rr ito ry occupied by the U.S.

These are no irra tio n a l demands; they do not con flic t w ith the rights of anyone; they are claims so legitim ate, and so c learly l im ited to the rights of the Cuban people, tha t no one can object to them.

The U.S. Government demands tha t the United Nations should v e rify in our te rr ito ry the w ith draw al of strategic weapons. Cuba demands tha t the United Nations should v e r ify in the te rr ito ry of the U.S., in Puerto Rico and in other places where attacks on Cuba are in preparation, the dism antling of the tra in ing camps fo r mercenaries, spies, saboteurs and terrorists; o f the centers where subversion is prepared; and of the bases from w hich p ira te vessels set out fo r our coasts.

In addition Cuba demands, as one of the required guarantees,

that effective measures of control should be established to prevent any repetition of such acts in the future.

I f the U.S. and its accomplices in aggression against Cuba do not agree to such inspection in the ir te rrito ries by the United Nations, Cuba w il l in no circumstances agree to inspection in its own te rr ito ry .

Reciprocal concessions and guarantees w il l a ffo rd the only means of reaching a broad and f it t in g agreement acceptable to all.

I f such an agreement is reached, Cuba w il l need no strategic weapons fo r its defense; the sta ff of fore ign m ilita ry technicians engaged to ins truct our armed forces w ould be reduced to the m in im um and the necessary conditions would be created fo r the norm al development of our relations w ith the countries of th is hemisphere.

Step on Road to PeaceA ju s t and satisfactory settle

ment of th is cris