The Tel Burna Archaeological Project Dr. Itzhaq Shai.
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Transcript of The Tel Burna Archaeological Project Dr. Itzhaq Shai.
![Page 1: The Tel Burna Archaeological Project Dr. Itzhaq Shai.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110116/5516907e550346f0208b4684/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Tel Burna Archaeological Project
http://telburna.wordpress.com
Dr. Itzhaq Shai
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Previous Research
• Aharoni and Amiran• Dagan’s Survey of the Shephelah – which
includes this site• Koh’s Survey• No Excavations Conducted at the Site
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Tel Burna – Tell Bornât
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Tel Burna = Biblical Libnah?
• Then Joshua and all Israel with him moved on from Makkedah to Libnah and attacked it (Josh. 10: 29)
• In the western foothills: …Libnah, Ether, Ashan… (Josh. 15: 33-42)
• So to the descendants of Aaron the priest they gave Hebron (a city of refuge for one accused of murder), Libnah (Josh. 21: 13)
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• To this day Edom has been in rebellion against Judah. Libnah revolted at the same time (2 Kgs. 8: 22)
• Jehoahaz was twenty-three years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem three months. His mother's name was Hamutal daughter of Jeremiah; she was from Libnah (2 Kgs. 23: 31)
• Zedekiah was twenty-one years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem eleven years. His mother's name was Hamutal daughter of Jeremiah; she was from Libnah (2 Kgs. 24: 18)
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Possible Locations for
Libnah
• Tel Goded• Tel Zayit• Horvat Lavnin• Tel Burna
– Location near Horvat Eter, Mareshah– On Border with Philistia– Iron Age occupation and fortifications– Evidence for Sennacherib’s Campaign– 7th Century Remains
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The Survey
Uziel J. and Shai I. 2010. The Tel Burna Surface Survey. Tel Aviv 37: 242-260
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Research Goals
• Developing survey methodology for tel sites, using comparative survey data collected through various methods
• “Ground truthing” survey results through excavation – to confirm/refute results of different methods of surveying
• Dating features visible on the surface• Defining the effects of erosion, human
activity, site depletion
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The 2009 Survey Season
• Total collection of artifacts from surface as well as documentation of architectural features
• Division of site according to “topographic fields”
• Attempt to define periods of settlement, size per period, and potential areas of excavation
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Approx. 16 Hectares of Surface Scatter
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EB MB LB
Ir I Ir II
Distribution of Artifacts per Period
Ca. 3 hectares
Ca. 5 hectares
Ca. 6 hectares
Ca. 2 hectares
Ca. 8 hectares
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Percentage of Diagnostic Ceramics According to Period
EB7%
IBA0%
MB19%
LB32%
Ir I6%
IR II27%
Post Iron Age9%
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Comparison of Distribution Area and Sherd Counts
Size Estimate
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
EB MB LB Ir I IR II
Size Estimate Sherd Count
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Lamashtu Plaque from Nahal Guvrin (near Tel Burna) – Published by M. Cogan in IEJ 1995
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Survey Conclusions
• Settlement in EB, MB, LB and Iron I-II
• Large LB Settlement• Small Iron I settlement –
including Philistine pottery
• Iron II most significant, possibly fortified 2700 2300 1900 1500 1100 7002700 2300 1900 1500 1100 700
The Ups and Downs of the Settlement Over Time
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Excavations: Goals after 3 Seasons
• Micro:– Settlement History of the Site
• Periods, size, character of settlement
– Dating Architectural Elements• E.g. fortifications, silos, walls on surface
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Excavations: Goals after 3 Seasons
• Macro:– Survey methodology
• Shovel Pits Surveying
– Use of Landscape• Mapping and documenting agricultural installations, caves
– Studying Ancient Borders • Comparisons of Material Culture
– Archaeology and the Community• Open Excavation• Cleaning Agricultural Installations• Conservation of Chosen Features
– Late Bronze Age Cult
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ShovelPits
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Agricultural Installations Around the Site
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Area B
Summit Center
Eastern Section
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21 Squares Thus Far
• LB IIB (13th Century BCE)• Iron Age IIA (9th Century BCE)• Iron Age IIB (8th Century BCE)• Iron Age IIC (7th Century BCE)• Persian Period
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LB IIB
• Area B – No Iron Age Settlement Above!• 13th Century BCE• Cypriot and Mycenaean Imports• Bedrock after 0.5 meter• Some unique finds indicate unique activity!
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Area B – LB IIB
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Noses
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Cylindrical Seal
Cup and Saucer
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Cypriot Imported Pottery
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Unique Cypriot Vessel
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Iron Age IIA
• Surface outside the fortifications • Installation on the inside of the inner wall
– Loom weights– Hand Burnished pottery
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Iron Age IIA
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Iron Age IIA
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Iron Age IIAinstallation
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Iron Age IIB
• Settlement in all areas of summit• Stamped Handles • Wheel Burnishing
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Iron Age IIB
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Iron Age IIB
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Iron Age IIB
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9th-8th Centuries BCE Pottery from Around the Fortifications
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9th-8th Centuries BCE Pottery from Around the Fortifications
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Hand and Wheel Burnish
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Stamped Handles
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Judean Pillar Figurine
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7th Century BCE
• Primarily Silos with small patches of architecture related to them
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7th Century BCE Pottery
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7th Century BCE
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7th Century BCE
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7th Century BCE
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The Fortification System
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Fortifications
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Fortifications
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Fortifications
7th century Silo
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Persian Period
• Patchy Architecture on the basis of Iron Age Walls
• Boulders in secondary use
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Persian Period
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Persian Period
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