The Targeting Outcomes of Programs (TOP) framework

Why use the TOP framework?

• Facilitates the systemization of project development.

• Provides mechanism to build in indicators from outset.

• Facilitates proposal assessment in terms of the feasibility of project results/impacts.

What is the TOP Framework?

• The Targeting Outcomes of Programs (TOP) framework is an evaluative framework that can be

used both to develop proposals and to evaluate project results.

The framework has 7 levels that can be developed downwards for the proposal and

then evaluated upwards for the results

The global generic problem area should be defined before

starting work on the TOP framework

The DOWNWARDS segment(Project Development)

• Needs assessment steps:– SEE Conditions– Practices– KASA

• Opportunity assessment steps– Stakeholders – Research – Tasks– Resources

Needs assessment

• This is the planning stage

• This stage also provides the indicators for later project evaluation

SEE Conditions

Needs Assessment for long-term IMPACT

• S = Social (class/gender/ethnic/religious minorities).

• E = Economic (livelihoods, markets, trade). • E = Environmental (soil and water quality,

biodiversity). • Take all three dimensions into account.

PRACTICES

Analyze current practices at landscape system levels.

Example: • Current practices around soil management of

grazing land? • Whose practices (men’s/women’s/the

poor/which ethnic group)? • Under what conditions are practices

performed? (When? Using what resources and which techniques?)

KASA Knowledge, Attitudes, Skills,

Aspirations• Identify stakeholder populations

• Collect data to be used to establish a quantitative baseline on practices identified in previous step at the appropriate landscape systems levels.

• If possible use secondary data, otherwise carry out a survey

Opportunity Assessment

Take the above research plan and work out how to adapt it to specific

conditions on the ground

(Proposal for full project)

Step 1: stakeholder negotiation

• Identify stakeholders to establish research sites

• Negotiate with them to adapt problem statement to their circumstances.

• Example:– The three major problem areas we will

address are:• Soil erosion in the watershed• Over-usage of chemicals in farming practices• Women’s lack of access to technical assistance

Step 2: Design research strategies

• Engage stakeholders to design research strategies to address identified problems:

• Example:– Identify alternative strategies to reduce soil erosion

together with farmers by changing burn-off practices, building bunds, planting trees/bushes

– Identify alternative pest control methods to reduce chemical usage

– Work with extension agencies to identify ways of improving services for women.

Step 3: Task specification

• Together with stakeholders identify tasks and task assignments necessary to implement each strategy.

• Example:– Work with farmers to test alternatives– Train extension agents– Build bunds

Step 4 Identity resources for the budget

• Collaboratively consider the resources you will need for this.

• Example:– Training Personnel – Administrative personnel– Costs of training sessions– Costs of inputs on farms– Costs of farmer collaboration– Supplies and Equipment

The UPWARDS segment Project Evaluation

• Outputs– Resources– Tasks completed– Research results– Stakeholder reactions

• Impacts– KASA– Practices– SEE Outcomes

Outputs/Impacts

• Project outputs are directly under the control of the project: – Resources utilized, – farmers/extension workers trained

• Impacts are the effect the project has produced on people, the economic situation and the environment– These can be immediate, medium or long term

Resources(Outputs)

• Were the resources available and utilized as planned?

• How relevant/necessary was each resource to your activities?

• How adequate?

• How well utilized?

Tasks Completed (Outputs)

• Completed on schedule and as conceived?

• What went well?

• What problems did you have?

Research Results (outputs)

• What reports, publications, additions to the knowledge database has your project produced?

• Did targeted stakeholders participate?

• Was a special effort made to integrate disadvantaged groups?

Stakeholder Reactions (outputs)

• Were the stakeholders satisfied?

• Were there significant differences among the different groups?

• What about the reactions of the disadvantaged groups?

• Were everyone’s concerns addressed?

KASA – Knowledge, Attitudes, Skills, Aspirations (Impact)

• Conduct ex-post survey to compare with baseline data to assess short-term impact on these 4 elements.

Practices (Impact)

• If you found significant impacts at the KASA level, practices should have changed correspondingly.

• In this step you assess these changes. – Are they what you were looking for? – Are the changes across the board? – Have some groups changed more?– Why did this happen?

SEE Outcomes (top level impact)

• Collect overall impact indicators at macro level in all three dimensions.

• Include all marginalized groups (women, children, religious and ethnic minorities, lower classes, poor, uneducated) in social and economic assessments.

• Quantify environmental benefits (direct and indirect measures).

Overall impact of the TOP framework on SANREM

• Use of TOP framework by all projects will ensure consistent proposal evaluation.

• Its use will facilitate ME’s evaluation of overall project results.

• It will help integrate indicators across projects.• This will allow for clear and compact reporting.

Across-the-Board Reconciliation

• When all the projects to be funded are identified the ME and TC will sit down with all teams to identify similarities at multiple levels, and also to locate cross-cutting themes and indicators.