The Synthesis Essay - From 5 Steps to a 5 Tatum. What is the synthesis essay like? Students are...
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![Page 1: The Synthesis Essay - From 5 Steps to a 5 Tatum. What is the synthesis essay like? Students are presented with an introduction to and a description of.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062401/5a4d1ae07f8b9ab059976e27/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Synthesis EssayThe Synthesis Essay - - From From 5 Steps to a 55 Steps to a 5
TatumTatum
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What is the synthesis essay like?
• Students are presented with an introduction to and a description of an issue that has varying viewpoints associated with it.
• Sources can be written texts that could include nonfiction, fiction, poetry, or even drama, as well as visual texts, such as photos, charts, art work, cartoon, etc.
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What is the purpose of the synthesis essay?
• The College Board wants to determine how well students can do the following: – Read critically– Understand texts– Analyze texts– Develop a position on a given topic– Support a position on a given topic– Support a position with appropriate
evidence from outside sources– Cite sources used in the essay
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What kinds of synthesis essays can I expect?
• Compare and Contrast• Cause and Effect• Analysis• Taking a position on an argument
(defend, qualify, or refute…)
** Remember, everything you write is, in a sense, an argument.
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Timing and Planning the Synthesis Essay
• USE the 15 minutes of time you are allotted at the beginning for your actual prewriting:– Read all six of the excerpts– Deconstruct the synthesis prompt
(overarching issue)
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Critical Reading of the Text Excerpts…
Students must be able to determine the following:
•Purpose/thesis•Intended audience•Type of source•Main points
• Historical context• Authority of author• How the material is
presented• Source of evidence• Any bias or agenda• How the text relates to the
topic• Support or opposition
toward the thesis
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Develop the Opening Paragraph—Pre-Writing• Before you begin the actual writing, jot
down a few notes about how you are going to present your material.
• There is no need to construct a formal outline. Simply create a brief listing of the major points you want to include and the order in which you will present them.
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Develop the Opening Paragraph —Pre-
Writing• **Decide which sources you will use in
the essay.• Match the sources specifically to the
prompt.• Clearly state your position on the given
topic. Write this in a statement: “The position I’m going to take on this issue is to (support), (oppose), or (qualify).
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Tips…• You only have time for one draft, so
make sure that:– it is clear, organized, logical, and thoughtful– your main points relate to your thesis/claim– it uses specific examples (personal and
otherwise)– it uses selected sources to support the
major point
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Incorporating Sources• ** The synthesis essay requires
you to be familiar with both analysis and argument.
• Use attribution and introduction of cited sources
• Mix of direct quotes, summary, and paraphrase
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Incorporating Sources• Summary:
– Locate key words or phrases and reduce the piece into its essential points.
• Paraphrase: – Transpose the original material into your own
words. This will probably be close to the number of words in the original.
• Quotes: – Text taken directly from the source, put in
quotes and cited. All must be cited in order to avoid
plagiarism!
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Introducing Quotes
• When possible, use author’s name to help introduce quotations.
• Rather than, “Source E suggests,” use “Richman suggests”, then follow-up with Source letter in parentheses at the end of the sentence (Source E).
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Introducing Quotes• ALWAYS use meaningful half-sentences. “As
shown by Source E” or “Source E says” is NOT a meaningful half-sentence.
• Remember to frame the quotation for us so we interpret the evidence the same way, you do.
• e.g., Richman criticizes mandatory volunteer service and shows that it is not ultimately beneficial when he asserts that a “legally enforceable obligation to perform service clashes with the principles of free society” (Source E).
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Counterarguments• Acknowledge complexity and
address counterarguments in a meaningful way—either by conceding a point, refuting a point, or qualifying (setting up the limits or defining the terms under which you would agree).
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Concluding the Essay• Finish strongly—when possible, conclude with
your most important or persuasive reason. • Provide a call to action, by suggesting something
specific to DO to help solve the problem• Explore the benefits and/or costs of following a
proposed solution, whether it is one you create or one proposed by a source
• Use rhetorical techniques, like anaphora or tricolon, to assert the importance of the issue, to raise awareness, or to suggest a way to resolve the issue.
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Remember… You Must establish a position and
each source you choose to use must support and develop
your position!