The Symbolic Qualia Ken Asada Humanoid Science Conf.
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Mirror neurons
Gallese V., Fadiga L., Fogassi L., Rizzolatti G. (1996) Action recognition in the premotor cortex. Brain 119: 593-609.
Psychological Time and Space
Geldard, F.A., and Sherrick, C.E., 1972, "The Cutaneous 'rabbit': a perceptual illusion," Science, 178, pp.178-9.
100 ms in physicaltime~ a moment inpsychological time
physical and psychological time
physicaltime t
psychological timeτ
d τ = 0 d τ = 0
d τ = 0
d τ = 0
d τ = 0
d τ = 0
d τ = 0
(Synapτic) Inτeracτion Sim ulτaneiτy
Mogi, K. (1999)
compacτificaτion
qualia
TMSKamitani et al.
timeTMS
a ÇÇ ÇÉ
a ÇÇ ÇÉ
100ms
time
physicalstimulus
subjectiveexperience
temporal filling in
physical timet=0 t=50ms t=100ms
Conscious Percept
neural activities over 100 ms is mapped into a moment in psychological time
= =
V1(early vision)
V4(color)IT(form)
informationpropagation
psychological time
0 ms ÇTÇO ms ÇPÇOÇO ms
psychological time
consciouspercept
At a moment in physical time, there are neural activitiescorresponding to multiple moments in psychological time
physical time
0 ms ÇTÇO ms ÇPÇOÇO ms
psychological time
consciouspercept
physical time
intentionalsimultaneity
sensorysimultaneity
Two elements of psychological time
sensory simultaneity
intentional simultaneity
・ is described by synaptic interaction simultaneity・ compactifies spatio-temporarily distributed neuralactivities into sensory qualia.
・ complements sensory simultaneity in the formationof percepts・ gives rise to spatial structures in perception
The intentionaland sensory qualia
intentional qualia
of “a man walking”
sensory qualia of white dotsin a black background
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Sensory qualia; blacks and whites
Intentional qualia; a Dalmatian
Dallenbach’s cow
Sensory qualia; blacks and whites
Intentional qualia; a cow
Aha! Experience
Moony FaceVarela, F. et al. Nature 1999
shape, object
space, movementintentional qualia
prefrontal
parietal
inferio-temporal
Integration of senseand motor. Attentioncontrol. Self-awareness
intentional qualia
sensory qualia
visual qualianeural activitiesstarting from area V1
The Symbolic Mind.Or how our cognitiveprocesses “plug”into the symbolic
John Haugeland
AuthenticIntentionality
What does it take to “see” ?
What about Authentic Intentionality?
The Haugeland Thesis: In order to “see”, you need tohave a sense of social responsibility.
Cognition of one’s own mind and other’s mind
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Gallup, GG (1970). Chimpanzees: Self recognition. Science, 167, 86-87.
In the mirror test, mirror gazing time is maximum in thetransition period(social behavior to self-directed action)
gazing timeself-directedsocialtime passage
(Reportedly only humans, chimpanzees, Orang Utans,and dolphins pass the test)
Povinelli, D. J. & Eddy, T. J. (1996)What young chimpanzees know about seeing. Monographs of the Society for Researchon Child Development, No 247, Vol 61.
Do chimps knowthat others see?
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Chimpanzees exhibit social behavior to the mirror images because they can’t perceive intentional states in others?
Parrots and elephants can use the mirror tosee things otherwise invisible
Illustration by Eucaly Mogi
The False Belief Task
Sally Ann
time
NowOne Hour Agotake
Internal state differentfrom the present
The Photo Task Zaitchik, D. (1990). Cognition, 35, 41-68.
person Aperson B
person A
Sally Ann
one hour ago presenttimeInternal state differentfrom the present
presentone hour ago
The Challenge for Humanoid Science
The Challenge of Humanoid Science