The Sunni Path [English]

7/29/2019 The Sunni Path [English]

1/112

Lnè`nt @etnahve Wuadecntefks Kf? 9

]LH SXKKE WN]L

]whktehtl Hmetefk

Ln``nt @etahveMnrhjh`n Cnm. 83 W.@.? 38 3=71.813 =88:831 81.813 3:53lttp?//www.lnè`ntètnahve.cfb

h-bned? aedieGlnè`ntètnahve.cfbJntel-ES]NKAXD/]XQ@HU

FC]FAHQ-17>>


2/112

CFK]HK]S

Clnpthr WnihKf? Hsshkch fj bntthr Kf

Wrhjnch...............................................................................3

> Bdubt- kjen (Xshjud ekjfrbntefk)........................:1 ]lh jnetl fj Nld ns-Sukkn ............................................35n. Xdb nd-Esdbeyyn cfksests fj twf pnrts................=1a. ]lh jeql sclfdnrs nrh irfuphm ek shvhkirnmhs ..............................................................................=9

3 Nd-Ebb nd-nzb Na Lnkjn....................................=8 Jeknd Qhbnr`s................................................................5=: Bnsom nk-Kna...............................................................5:

Idfssnry ........................................................................>7=

]UWHSH] NKM WQEK]HM EK ]XQ@HU AU?

lds Inzhthcede` N..15 H`eb Cnm. Kf. 13 Uhkeafskn-ES]NKAXD/]XQ@HU

]hd? 57.1>1.=8= 3777

1


3/112

Aesbeddle r-rnlbke r-rnlb

]LH SXKKE WN]L

WQHJNCH

Dht us ahiek tlh aff` ek tlh knbh fj Nddnl!

]lh ahst prfthctefk es tlh knbh fj Nddnl!Les adhssekis nrh ahyfkm ndd bhnks fj bhnsurh0Ndd Bhrcy Lh es, jfrieveki Les pdhnsurh!

Nddlu tnd, lnveki bhrcy upfk ndd phfpdh fk tlh hnrtl,crhnths ushjud tlekis nkm shkms tlhb tf us. Ek tlh Lhrhnjthr, Lhwedd jfrievh tlfsh iuedty Ahdehvhrs wlf nrh tf if tf Lhdd, nkm weddareki tlhb tf Wnrnmesh. Lh ndfkh crhnths hvhry deveki crhnturh,

`hhps hvhry aheki ek hxesthkch hvhry bfbhkt, nkm prfthcts nddninekst jhnr nkm lfrrfr. ]rusteki furshdvhs tf tlh lfkfurnadhknbh fj Nddlu tnd wh ahiek tf wreth tles aff`.

LnbmP>R ah tf Nddlu tnd. Whnch nkm adhssekis ah fkQnsduddnl, tlh Wrfplht Bulnbbnm (sndd-Nddlu ndnele wnsnddnb). Ahkhmectefks ah fvhr les purh Nld nd-Anet nkm fvhr ndd les

oust nkm mhvfthm cfbpnkefks (rnmey-Nddlu tnd nklubnobnk).

Esdnbec sclfdnrs, wlf nrh cnddhm Nld ns-Sukkn, wrfthtlfusnkms fj vndunadh aff`s tlnt stnth tlh ahdehjs, cfbbnkms nkmprfleaetefks fj Esdnb cfrrhctdy. Bnky fj tlhb lnvh ahhktrnksdnthm ektf jfrheik dnkiunihs nkm cercudnthm tlrfuilfut tlhwfrdm. Fk tlh ftlhr lnkm, bndhvfdhkt, slfrt-seilthm phfpdh lnvhnttnc`hm Esdnbs ahkhjecend, afuktejud nkm dubekfus wny0 trehm tfadhbesl tlh sclfdnrs fj tlh Nld ns-Sukkn (rnmey-Nddlu tndnklub nobnk), nkm ntthbpthm tf clnkih Esdnb nkm tlhrhaymhchevh Busdebs. ]les struiidh ahtwhhk Busdebs nkm tlherrhdeiefus lns tn`hk pdnch ek hvhry chktury, nkm et wedd cfktekuh

3

P>R Wrnesh nkm irntetumh.


4/112


5/112

Lnrbjud shpnrntest bfvhbhkts nbfki Busdebs nttnc` aff`sfj edb-e-ld nkm try tf vedejy tlh udnb fj Nld ns-Sukkn nkm irhntbhk fj tnsnwwuj (rnlbntuddle tnd ndneleb nobnk). Xdnbfj Nld ns-Sukkn wrfth khchssnry nkswhrs ninekst tlhb nkmprfthcthm tlh truh bhnkekis wlecl Qnsduddnl (sndd-Nddlu ndnelewn snddnb) mhrevhm jrfb ^urk nd-`hrb ninekst tlher ntthbpts tfclnkih et. Yh hktrhnt Nddlu tnd tlnt, ay stumyeki tles aff`cnrhjuddy wetl tlher cfbbfk shksh nkm purh cfkscehkch, furvndunadh rhnmhrs wedd oumih et jnerdy nkm stec` tfihtlhr ek tlh reiltnkm truh wny fj tlh Nld ns-Sukkn nkm nvfem dyeki, sdnkmhrfus nkmlhrhtecnd phfpdh. Ay mfeki tles, tlhy wedd hscnph hthrkndmnbkntefk.

Hxpdnkntefks nmmhm njthrwnrms tf sfbh pnrts fj fur aff` nrhwretthk ek arnc`hts P...R. Ndd tlhsh hxpdnkntefks ndsf lnvh ahhk

afrrfwhm jrfb nutlhktec aff`s.

Bdm Leor Slnbs Leor nbnr 177> >3=11

VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV

Wuadeslhrs Kfth?

Whrbessefk es irnkthm tf tlfsh wlf wesl tf prekt tles aff` ek etsfreieknd jfrb fr tf trnksdnth et ektf nkftlhr dnkiunih. Yh prny tlntNddlu tnd wedd adhss tlhb jfr tles ahkhjecend mhhm fj tlhers, nkmwh tlnk` tlhb vhry bucl. Lfwhvhr, phrbessefk es irnkthm fkcfkmetefk tlnt tlh pnphr ushm ek prekteki ah fj n iffm qundety nkmtlnt tlh mhseik fj tlh thxt nkm shtteki ah prfphrdy nkm khntdy mfkhwetlfut nky bestn`hs.

VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV

N Ynrkeki? Bessefknrehs nrh streveki tf nmvhrtesh Clrestenkety,Ohws nrh wfr`eki tf sprhnm tlh cfkcfcthm wfrms fj Ohwesl rnaaes,Ln``nt @etahve (Aff`stfrh), ek Estnkaud, es struiideki tfpuadecezh Esdnb, nkm jrhhbnsfks nrh tryeki tf nkkelednth rhdeiefks.N phrsfk wetl wesmfb, `kfwdhmih nkm cfkscehkch wedd ukmhrstnkmnkm nmbet tlh reilt fkh nbfki tlhsh nkm wedd lhdp ek tlhsh hjjfrtsjfr sndvntefk fj ndd lubnkety. ]lhrh es kf ahtthr wny kfr bfrhvndunadh tleki tf shrvh lubnkety tlnk mfeki sf.

8


6/112

> BNDB]-E KJEN(XSHJXD EKJFQBN]EFK)

]les aff`dht wns wretthk ay Nlbhm Chvmht Wnn(rnlbntuddle tnd ndhyl), wlf rhkmhrhm n irhnt shrvech tf Esdnbay putteki tlh rudhs fj ^urk nd-`hrb ektf n cfmh fj dnw ek lesvndunadh aff` Bnonddn. Ek nmmetefk, lh wrfth ]lh FttfbnkLestfry ek twhdvh vfdubhs, tlh bfst mhphkmnadh aff` ek ets jehdm,nkm tlh jnbfus ^ess-e Nkaey (]lh Lestfry fj Wrfplhts). Lhwns afrk ek Dfjon ek >13< (>3>1(>


7/112

qnrknek nrh ndsf bhktefkhm ek ûrk nd-`hrb. Sfbh udb fjtlh Nld ns-Sukkn snem tlnt tlhsh tlrhh, nkm ]uaan nkm Lemer,whrh prfplhts, wledh sfbh snem tlhy whrh Nwdey.

Bulnbbnm (ndnele s-sndb) es Lnaa-Nddnl (Nddnls BfstAhdfvhm). Earlb (ndnele s-sndb) es @lndd-Nddnl (tlh Ahdfvhm

fj Nddnl). Bs (ndnele s-sndb) es @ndb-Nddnl (fkh wetlwlfb Nddnl spf`h). s (ndnele s-sndb) es Ql-Nddnl (fkhwlfb Nddnl crhnthm wetlfut n jntlhr). mnb (ndnele s-sndb) esSnj-Nddnl (fkh wlfsh jnudt wns jfrievhk ay Nddnl). Kl (ndneles-sndb) es Kno-Nddnl (fkh wlfb Nddnl snvhm jrfb mnkihr).]lhsh sex prfplhts nrh suphrefr tf ftlhr prfplhts. ]lhy nrhcnddhm Xdu d-nzb. ]lh bfst suphrefr fj ndd es Bulnbbnm(ndnele s-sndb).

Nddlu tnd shkt fkh lukmrhm suluj (pd. fj snljn, aff`dht)nkm jfur aff`s mfwk tf tlh hnrtl. Ndd fj tlhb whrh arfuilt ayOnard (ndnele s-sndb). ]hk suluj mhschkmhm tf mnb (ndneles-sndb), jejty suluj tf Sls (ndnele s-sndb), tlerty suluj tf Emrs(ndnele s-sndb), nkm thk suluj tf Earlb (ndnele s-sndb).PSnljn, (ek tles cfkthxt), bhnks n sbndd aff`, n aff`dht. Et mfhskft bhnk fkh jnch fj n slhht fj pnphr, wlecl wh `kfwR. Fj tlhjfur aff`s, tlh ]nwrt hsl-slhrj P]frnlR wns shkt tf Bs(ndnele s-sndb), tlh _nar hsl-slhrj Ptlh freieknd WsndbsR tf

Mwm (ndnele s-sndb), tlh Ekod hsl-slhrj Pdntek HvnkihdeubRtf s (ndnele s-sndb) nkm ûrk nd-`hrb tf tlh Dnst Wrfplht,Bulnbbnm (ndnele s-sndb).

Mureki tlh tebh fj Kl (ndnele s-sndb) tlh Jdffm tff` pdnchnkm wnthr cfvhrhm tlh hkterh wfrdm. Ndd phfpdh nkm nkebnds fk tlhhnrtl whrh mrfwkhm. Aut tlh Ahdehvhrs wlf whrh fk afnrm wetlleb whrh rhscuhm. Kl (ndnele s-sndb), wlhk afnrmeki tlh slep,lnm tn`hk fkh pner fj hvhry èkm fj nkebnd, jrfb wlecl tfmnys

nkebnds budtepdehm.Kl (ndnele s-sndb) lnm les tlrhh sfks fk afnrm tlh slep?Sb (Slhb), Ujns (Onplhtl) nkm Lb (Lnb). Whfpdh fk tlhhnrtl tfmny nrh tlher mhschkmnkts. Jfr tles rhnsfk, lh es cnddhm tlhShcfkm Jntlhr.

Earlb (ndnele s-sndb) wns Esbeds nkm Eslqs (ndnelebns-sndb) jntlhr. Eslq (ndnele s-sndb) wns Unqas jntlhr.Unqa (ndnele s-sndb) wns Usujs (ndnele s-sndb) jntlhr.

Unqa (ndnele s-sndb) wns cnddhm Esrd. Jfr tles rhnsfk, lessfks nkm irnkmsfks whrh cnddhm Ank Esrd (tlh Cledmrhk fjEsrd). Ank Esrd ekcrhnshm ek kubahr nkm bnky fj tlhbahcnbh prfplhts. Bs, Lrk, Mwm, Sudnebk, _n`nreyy,

9


8/112

Unly nkm s (ndnelebu s-sndb) nrh nbfki tlhb. Sudnebk(ndnele s-sndb) wns tlh sfk fj Mwm (ndnele s-sndb). Unly(ndnele s-sndb) wns tlh sfk fj _n`nreyy (ndnele s-sndb).Lrk (ndnele s-sndb) wns Bss (ndnele s-sndb) arftlhr. ]lhNrnas nrh tlh mhschkmnkts fj Esbd (ndnele s-sndb), nkm

Bulnbbnm (ndnele s-sndb) wns nk Nrna.Lm (ndnele s-sndb) wns shkt tf tlh m treah, Sdel (ndneles-sndb) tf tlh ]lnbm treah, nkm Bs (ndnele s-sndb) wnsshkt tf Ank Esrd. Ndsf Lrk, Mwm, Sudnebk, _n`nreyy nkmUnly (ndnelebu s-sndb) whrh shkt tf Ank Esrd. Uht kfkh fjtlhb arfuilt n khw rhdeiefk0 tlhy ekvethm Ank Esrd tf Bss(ndnele s-sndb) rhdeiefk. ]lfuil tlh _nar wns shkt mfwk tfMwm (ndnele s-sndb), et mem kft lnvh cfbbnkmbhkts, rudhs freamt. Et wns judd fj shrbfks nkm nmvech. ]lhrhjfrh, et mem kftnarfinth fr ekvndemnth tlh ]frnl aut hbplnsezhm et, nkm tles eswly tlh rhdeiefk fj Bs (ndnele s-sndb) dnsthm up tf tlh tebh fjs (ndnele s-sndb). Ylhk s (ndnele s-sndb) cnbh, lesrhdeiefk narfinthm tlnt fj Bs (ndnele s-sndb)0 tlnt es, tlh]frnl ahcnbh ekvndem. Sf et wns kf dfkihr phrbesseadh tf jfddfwBss (ndnele s-sndb) rhdeiefk. Jrfb tlhk fk et wns khchssnrytf jfddfw ss (ndnele s-sndb) rhdeiefk ukted Bulnbbnms(ndnele s-sndb) mesphksntefk. Lfwhvhr, tlh bnofrety fj Ank

Esrd mem kft ahdehvh s (ndnele s-sndb) nkm phrsesthm ekjfddfweki tlh ]frnl. ]lus Ohws nkm Knsr shpnrnthm. ]lfsh wlfahdehvhm s (ndnele s-sndb) whrh cnddhm Knsr, wlf nrhtfmnys Clrestenks. ]lfsh wlf mesahdehvhm s (ndnele s-sndb)nkm rhbnekhm ek mesahdehj nkm lhrhsy whrh cnddhm Unlm (Ohws).Ohws stedd cdneb tlnt tlhy jfddfw Bss (ndnele s-sndb) rhdeiefknkm rhnm tlh ]frnl nkm tlh _nar0 tlh Knsr cdneb tlnt tlhyjfddfw ss (ndnele s-sndb) rhdeiefk nkm rhnm tlh Ekod.

Lfwhvhr, fur bnsthr, Bulnbbnm (ndnele s-sndtu wn s-sndb),tlh bnsthr fj aftl wfrdms nkm tlh prfplht fj ndd lubnk ahekisnkm ihkehs, wns shkt ns tlh prfplht jfr ndd dnbs (wfrdms fjahekis), nkm les rhdeiefk, Esdnb, ekvndemnthm ndd prhvefus rhdeiefks.Sekch tles rhdeiefk wedd rhbnek vndem tedd tlh hkm fj tlh wfrdm, et eskft phrbesseadh ek nky pnrt fj tlh wfrdm tf ah ek nky rhdeiefk ftlhrtlnk les rhdeiefk. Kf prfplht wedd succhhm leb. Yh nrh, tlnk`s tfNddlu tnd, les Xbbn. Fur rhdeiefk es Esdnb.

Fur Wrfplht, Bulnbbnm (ndnele s-sndb), wns afrk ekBh``n fk tlh Bfkmny bfrkeki fj Qna nd-nwwnd >1, wleclcfekcemhm wetl Npred 17, 89> (bdm). Lh pnsshm nwny ek Bhmeknek tlh >>tl yhnr fj tlh Lhiern (b. :31). Nt tlh nih =7, tlh nkihd

<


9/112

cnddhm Onared (ndnele s-sndb) rhvhndhm tf leb les prfplhtlffm.Lh hbeirnthm (leorn) jrfb Bh``n tf Bhmekn ek :110 les nrrevnd nttlh @ua veddnih khnr Bhmekn fk Bfkmny, Shpthbahr 17, bnr`stlh ahiekkeki fj tlh Busdebs Leor Slnbs (sfdnr) cndhkmnr,P>R

wledh Bulnrrnb > fj tlh snbh yhnr bnr`s tlh ahiekkeki fj tlh

^nbnr (duknr) cndhkmnr.Yh ahdehvh ek ndd prfplhts. Ndd fj tlhb whrh prfplhts shkt ayNddlu tnd. Uht, wlhk ûrk nd-`hrb mhschkmhm, ndd ftlhrrhdeiefks whrh narfinthm. ]lhrhjfrh, et es kft phrbesseadh tfjfddfw nky fj tlhb. Clrestenks ndsf ahdehvh ek ndd pnst prfplhts,yht sekch tlhy mf kft ahdehvh ek tlh jnct tlnt Bulnbbnm (ndneles-sndb) es tlh prfplht jfr ndd bnkèkm, tlhy rhbnek ek mesahdehjnkm mevhrih jrfb tlh trutl. Ns jfr Ohws, sekch tlhy mf kftahdehvh s (ndnele s-sndb) hetlhr, tlhy rhbnek twech ns jnrjrfb Esdnb.

Sekch Ohws nkm Clrestenks ahdehvh tlnt tlher prhshktekthrpfdnthm aff`s nrh tlh snbh tfmny ns tlhy whrh wlhk tlhywhrh shkt mfwk jrfb lhnvhk, tlhy nrh cnddhm nld nd-èta(mesahdehvhrs wetl lhnvhkdy aff`s). Et es phrbesseadh Paut bn`rlRtf hnt tlh nkebnds tlhy sdnuilthr Pej tlhy bhktefk tlh knbh fjNddlu tnd ns tlhy sdnuilthr tlhbR nkm tf bnrry tlher mnuilthrswetl ke`l.P1R Wfdytlhests (buslre`s) nkm npfstnths (burtnms) wlf

mf kft ahdehvh ek nky prfplht fr aff` nrh cnddhm mesahdehvhrswetlfut n lhnvhkdy aff`. Budlems, tff, nrh snem tf ah ek tlh snbhirfup. Et es kft phrbesseadh tf bnrry tlher mnuilthrs fr tf hnt tlhnkebnds tlhy sdnuilthr.

s (ndnele s-sndb) clfsh twhdvh fj les cfbpnkefks tfmesshbeknth les rhdeiefk njthr leb0 hncl fj tlhb wns cnddhm nlnwr Pnpfstdh, dh Nprth, NpfsthdR. ]lhy whrh SlnbkPSebfkR, Whthr, PWhtrfsR, Oflnkkn POflnkkhsR, tlh hdmhr Unqa,

Nkmrhns PNkmrhw, Whthrs arftlhrR, Wledeppus, ]lfbns,Anrtlfdfbhw PAnrtlfdfbnusR, Bnteyy PBnttlhwR, tlh yfukihrUnqa, Anrknans, Unlm POumnsR nkm ]lnmmnhus POn`faeR.Unlm ahcnbh nk npfstnth nkm Bntyns PBnttlensR tff` les

5

P>R ]lh Whrsenk Slnbs yhnr ahieks sex bfktls ahjfrh tles, tlnt es, fk tlhtwhktehtl fj Bnrcl, wlecl es tlh mny fj tlh Bnienk jhstevnd.

P1R Et es kft phrbesseadh jfr Busdeb ierds tf bnrry tlhb. Ej n ierd ekthkmstf bnrry n mesahdehvhr, slh wedd lnvh sdeilthm Nddlu tnds rhdeiefk.]lfsh wlf sdeilt Esdnb ahcfbh prfshdyths. ]lhrhjfrh, sucl nbnrrenih wedd ah fkh ahtwhhk twf mesahdehvhrs.


10/112

pdnch. Whtrfs wns tlh clehj fj tlh npfstdhs. ]lhsh twhdvhahdehvhrs, njthr s (ndnele s-sndb) lnm nschkmhm tf lhnvhk nttlh nih fj tlerty-tlrhh, prfpninthm les rhdeiefk. Uht tlh truhthnclekis fj tlh rhdeiefk shkt ay Nddlu tnd cfudm lfdm fk fkdyjfr heilty yhnrs. Dnthr, Wnuds jeaahm mfctrekhs sprhnm fut

hvhrywlhrh. Wnud wns n Ohw nkm mem kft ahdehvh ek s (ndnele s-sndb). Uht, prhthkmeki tf ah n ahdehvhr fj s (ndnele s-sndb)nkm ektrfmuceki lebshdj ns n rhdeiefus sclfdnr, lh snem tlnt s(ndnele s-sndb) wns tlh sfk fj Nddnl. Lh jeaahm sfbh ftlhrtlekis nkm snem tlnt wekh nkm pfr` whrh lndd. Lh turkhmKnsrs qeadn jrfb tlh @nan tf tlh Hnst wlhrh tlh suk reshs. Lhsnem tlnt Nddlu tnds Whrsfk (Mlt) wns fkh nkm LesNttreauths whrh tlrhh. ]lhsh nttreauths whrh cnddhm uqkb(lypfstnshs). ]lh wfrms fj tles Ohwesl lypfcreth whrh ekshrthm

ektf tlh hnrdehst jfur aff`s fj tlh Aeadh (tlh Ifsphds), hsphcenddyektf Du`hs aff`, nkm tlh Knsr pnrthm ektf irfups. Shvhkty-twf cfkjdecteki shcts nkm aff`s npphnrhm. Ek tlh cfursh fj tebh,bfst fj tlhsh shcts whrh jfriftthk nkm kfw tlhy lnvh fkdy tlrhhbnofr shcts dhjt.

PNamuddnl eak Namuddnl nt-]nroubk, wlf lnm ahhk n prehstfk Bnofrcn, fkh fj tlh Spnkesl Andhnrec Esdnkms, nkm wlfclnkihm les knbh njthr hbarnceki Esdnb ek ]ukesen, wreths?

]lh jfur Ifsphds whrh wretthk ay Bnttlhw, Du`h, Bnr`nkm Oflk POflnkknR. ]lhy whrh tlh jerst aff`s tf mhjedh tlhEkod. Bnttlhw, n Wndhstekenk, lnm shhk s (ndnele s-sndb)fkdy ek tlh yhnr fj les nschkt tf lhnvhk. Heilt yhnrs dnthr lhwrfth tlh jerst ifsphd ek wlecl lh knrrnthm tlh hxtrnfrmeknryhvhkts wetkhsshm ek Wndhstekh wlhk s (ndnele s-sndb) wnsafrk nkm lfw les bftlhr Lnmrnt Bnrenb tff` leb tf Hiyptwlhk tlh Ohwesl @eki Lhrfm wnkthm tf `edd lhr cledm. Lnmrnt

Bnrenb pnsshm nwny sex yhnrs njthr lhr sfk lnm nschkmhm tflhnvhk nkm wns aurehm ek Ohrusndhb. Du`h, wlf wns jrfbNktefcl (Nktn`yn), khvhr snw s (ndnele s-sndb). Lh wnscfkvhrthm tf tlh rhdeiefk fj s (ndnele s-sndb) ay tlhlypfcreth Wnud dfki njthr ss (ndnele s-sndb) nschkt tflhnvhk. Njthr aheki ebauhm wetl tlh pfesfkfus emhns fj Wnud,lh wrfth les ifsphd, clnkieki Nddlu tnds aff` (tlh Ekod)ndtfihtlhr. Bnr`, tff, ncchpthm tlh rhdeiefk fj s (ndnele s-

sndb) njthr tlh Nschksefk nkm wrfth ek Qfbh wlnt lh lnmlhnrm jrfb Whtrfs ukmhr tlh knbh fj tlh Ekod. Oflk wns tlh sfkfj ss (ndnele s-sndb) nukt. Lh lnm shhk s (ndnele s-sndb) shvhrnd tebhs. Ek tlhsh jfur Ifsphds tlhrh nrh bnky

>7


11/112

ekcfkirufus pnssnihs.P>R

Ek tlh twf aff`s Mey nd-quda nkm Slnbs nd-lnqqn ay Esl`Hjhkme fj Lnrput, wlf mehm ek >375 (>1550 ek tlh Whrsenk aff` Bzk nd-bnwzk, ay Knonj Nd

]narz, wlecl wns prekthm ek Estnkaud ek >1593. Et es wretthk ek ^bs nd-ndb? Anrknans wns fkh fj tlh hnrdehst npfstdhs. Lh wns n sfk fj

Bnr`s ukcdh. Lh wns n Cypreft. Lh ahdehvhm ek s (ndnele s-sndb) sffk njthr Wnud cnbh jfrwnrm, wetl wlfb lh trnvhddhm tfNkntfden nkm Irhhch. Lh wns bnrtyrhm ek Cyprus ek tlh yhnr :3.Lh wrfth n Ifsphd nkm sfbh ftlhr aff`dhts. Lh es bhbfrendezhmfk tlh hdhvhktl fj Oukh ay Clrestenks.

Clrestenk rhdeiefus fjjecends nrh cnddhm cdhriybhk. ]lh leilhstrnkèki Frtlfmfx cdhriybnk es tlh Wntrenrcl. Cdhriybhk fj nkekthrbhmenth irnmh nrh cnddhm pnstfrs. ]lfsh wlf rhnm tlh Aeadhnrh cnddhm qesss (ifsphddhrs). Nafvh tlh qesss nrh usùjs(prhsaythrs), wlf nct ns bujts. Xsùjs fj leilhr irnmhs nrhaeslfps, nafvh wlfb nrh nrclaeslfps fr bhtrfpfdetnks, wlf nctns qms (oumihs). ]lfsh wlf cfkmuct tlh retund prnyhrs ek clurclnrh cnddhm oshd` (cdhrec), ahdfw wlfb nrh tlh curs fr tlhslnbbs (mhncfks), nkm tlfsh wlf shrvh ek clurcl nrh cnddhmhrhbeths (lhrbets) fr slnbbesn (cfhkfaeths), wlf ndsf nct nsbuhzzeks. ]lfsh wlf lnvh mhvfthm tlhbshdvhs tf wfrslep nrhcnddhm bfk`s. Lhnm fj Cntlfdecs es tlh Wfph (jntlhr fj jntlhrs) ek

Qfbh. Les nmvesfry prhdnths nrh cnddhm cnrmeknds.Ndd tlhsh bhk fj rhdeiefus nutlfrety fj tlh pnst jfrift tlh

Fkhkhss fj Nddlu tnd. ]lhy ekvhkthm tlh ]rekety. Njthr sfbhtebh, ek tlh hrn fj tlh Qfbnk Hbphrfr Cdnumeus EE (1>8-19>),Ukus Slnbbs, tlh Wntrenrcl fj Nktefcl, mhcdnrhm tlh Fkhkhss

>>

P>R ]uljnt nd-nra je r-rnmme nd nlde s-snda, ay Namuddnl eak Namuddnlnt-]nroubk. Lh wrfth tles Nrnaec wfr` ek =17 N.M.), wlecl

wns prekthm ek Dfkmfk ek >157 (>=7>(>5 N.M.), nkm et wns dnthr trnksdnthm ektf ]urèsl.P1R N plftfstntec rhprfmuctefk fj tlh dnst tlrhh aff`s wns prfmuchm ay

Ln``nt @etahve ek >5


12/112

fj Nddlu tnd. Lh arfuilt bnky phfpdh rfukm tf tlh reiltcfursh. Uht dnthr prehsts succhhmeki leb rhdnpshm tf wfrsleppekitlrhh ifms. Cfkstnktekh tlh Irhnt (19=-339) ektrfmuchm emfdntryektf tlh rhdeiefk fj s (ndnele s-sndb). Ek 318, lh cfkvhkhm 3>-:9>N.L. (>178->193, Mnbnscus). Ek 3, n shcfkm cfukced wns lhdm ekCfkstnktekfpdh (Estnkaud), nkm Bn`mfkeus wns nccushm fjadnsplhby ahcnush lh lnm snem tlnt s (ndnele s-sndb) es kfttlh Ql nd-qums Ptlh Lfdy IlfstR aut lh es n crhnturh. Ek 358, tlhQfbnk Hbperh spdet ektf twf. Ek =1>, n tlerm cfukced wns lhdm ekCfkstnktekfpdh tf scrutekezh n aff` ay Khstfreus, tlh Wntrenrcl fjCfkstnktekfpdh, wlf snem, s wns n bnk. Lh cnkkft ahwfrslepphm. ]lhrh hxest fkdy tlh twf uqkbs. Nddnl es fkh. FjLes nttreauths Hxesthkch, Dejh nkm @kfwdhmih, tlh nttreauth Dejh

es tlh Ql nd-qums0 tlh nttreauth @kfwdhmih phkhtrnthm ektf snkm lh ahcnbh n ifm. Bnrenb wns kft tlh bftlhr fj n ifm. Slhwns tlh bftlhr fj n bnk. s wns tlh sfk fj Nddnl. ]lhsh emhnsfj les whrh ncchpthm. ]lh shct fj Khstfreus sprhnm ek frehktndcfuktrehs. ]lfsh wlf whrh ek tles shct whrh cnddhm Khstrs(Khstfrenks). Ek =3>, n jfurtl cfukced wns lhdm ek Hplhsus, wlhrhMefscfruss emhns whrh ncchpthm nkm Khstfreus (m. =35, Hiypt)wns nccushm fj adnsplhby. ]whkty yhnrs dnthr, 93= prehsts

nsshbadhm nt n jejtl cfukced ek @nm`y ek =8>, nkm tlh wretekis fjMefscfrus, tlh Wntrenrcl fj Ndhxnkmren, whrh rhpumenthm.Mefscfruss emhns, wlecl whrh anshm fk s (ndnele s-sndb)aheki n ifm, jfrbhm tlh Bfkfplyseth, wlecl wns ndsf cnddhm tlhUnqaeyyn shct, mhrevhm jrfb tlh rhnd knbh fj Mefscfrus,Unqa (Oncfa). Bhrcenkus, tlh Ayznktekh hbphrfr fj tlh tebh,nkkfukchm tlh mhcesefk fj rhpumentefk hvhrywlhrh. Mefscfrusjdhm nkm prhnclhm les ahdehjs ek Ohrusndhb nkm Hiypt. Lesjfddfwhrs wfrslep s (ndnele s-sndb). ]fmnys Suryks (Syrencsphn`eki Clrestenks) nkm Bnrfkeths ek Ernq, Syren nkm Dhankfkahdfki tf tlh Unqaeyyn shct.

]lh shct ncchpthm ek tlh @nm`y cfukced nkm rntejehm ay @eki

>1


13/112

Bhrcenkus es cnddhm Bndnèyn (Bhdcleth). Et es sebednr tf tlh shctncchpthm ek tlh jerst hcubhkecnd cfukced lhdm ek Kechn. ]lher clehjes tlh Wntrenrcl fj Nktefcl. ]lhy thrb tlh nttreauths @kfwdhmihnkm Dejh ns @ndebn (Yfrm) nkm Ql nd-qums (tlh LfdyIlfst), rhsphctevhdy, wlecl nrh cnddhm uqkb wlhk tlhy uketh

wetl bnk. ]lhy lnvh tlrhh ifms? Jntlhr, tlh uqkb fj hxesthkch,es fkh fj tlhb0 Ohsus es tlh Sfk0 Bnry (Bnrenb) es n ifmmhss.]lhy cndd s (ndnele s-sndb) Ohsus Clrest.

]lh shvhkty-twf Clrestenk shcts nrh mhscreahm ek mhtned ek tlhNrnaec aff` Ezlr ud-lnqq nkm ek tlh ]urèsl aff` Mey ud-quda.P>R

Ndd tlhsh shcts whrh dfynd tf tlh Wfph ek Qfbh ukted ==: P>78=N.M.R. Ndd fj tlhb whrh cnddhm Cntlfdec. Ek >78=, Beclnhd

Cerfdnreus, Wntrenrcl fj Cfkstnktekfpdh, arf`h nwny jrfb tlhWfph nkm ahink tf nmbekesthr tlh Hnsthrk clurclhsekmhphkmhktdy. ]lhsh clurclhs nrh cnddhm Frtlfmfx. ]lhy jfddfwtlh Unqaeyyn shct. Ek 513 (>8>9 N.M.), tlh Ihrbnk prehstDutlhr rhvfdthm ninekst tlh Wfph ek Qfbh nkm n kubahr fjclurclhs jfddfwhm leb. ]lhy nrh cnddhm Wrfthstnkts.R

Ns et es shhk, bfst Clrestenks nrh anshr tlnk Ohws, nkm tlhywedd ah pukeslhm bfrh shvhrhdy ek tlh Lhrhnjthr ahcnush tlhyaftl mesahdehvh Bulnbbnm (ndnele s-sndb) nkm trhspnssninekst tlh suaohct fj Xdleyyn (Mevekety)0 tlhy ahdehvh ek tlh]rekety nkm wfrslep s (ndnele s-sndb) nkm les bftlhr LnmrntBnrenb nkm mevekezh tlhb0 tlhy ndsf hnt bnetn jdhsl.P1R Ns jfr

>3

P>R Ezlr nd-lnqq wns prekthm ek Nrnaec ek Estnkaud ek >137: N.L., wreths ek mhtned

nafut tlh mescussefks lh lnm wetl Clrestenk prehsts ek Ekmen ek >197nkm ek Estnkaud dnthr, nkm thdds lfw lh sedhkchm tlhb. Cfbbhkts fktlhsh mescussefks whrh nmmhm ek tlh Estnkaud ebprhssefk fj tlhWhrsenk aff` Snej nd-narr. Ezlr nd-lnqq lns twf pnrts? tlh jerst pnrt,wlecl wns trnksdnthm ektf ]urèsl ay Kzlht Hjhkme, tlh ClehjShcrhtnry fj tlh Bekestry fj Hmucntefk, wns prekthm wetl tlh tetdh zlnd-lnqq ek Estnkaud0 tlh shcfkm pnrt wns trnksdnthm ektf ]urèsl ayShyyem bhr Jhlbe aek Lnsnk ek >151 N.L. nkm wns prekthm wetl tlhtetdh Earz nd-lnqq ek Afsken ek >153 (>557).P1R Esdnb prhscreahs wlf tf èdd nk hmeadh nkebnd. Ylhk et es kft èddhm ek

tlh prhsceahm bnkkhr, ets jdhsl ahcfbhs bnetn, e.h. kft hmeadh.


14/112

Ohws, tlhy rhohct twf prfplhts0 aut tlhy `kfw tlnt Nddlu tndes fkh, nkm tlhy mf kft hnt bnetn jdhsl. Khvhrtlhdhss, Ohws nrhbfrh lfstedh tfwnrms Esdnb. Ndtlfuil n jhw Ohws ahcnbhpfdytlhests de`h Clrestenks ay snyeki, Xzner (Hzrn) wns Nddnlssfk, tlhy nrh ndd cnddhm nld nd-èta. ]lh Frtlfmfx, Cntlfdecs nkm

Wrfthstnkts rhnm mejjhrhkt vhrsefks fj tlh Aeadh nkm cdneb tlnttlhy jfddfw s (ndnele s-sndb). Lfwhvhr, hncl shct lns bnkycfkjdecteki prekcepdhs fk crhhm nkm prnctech. Ndd fj tlhb nrh cnddhmKnsr, Clrestenks fr nld nd-èta. Ohws tlek` fj tlhbshdvhs nsaheki ek Bss (ndnele s-sndb) rhdeiefk.P>R

Ylhk fur Wrfplht (ndnele s-sndtu wn snddnb) lfkfurhm tlhLhrhnjthr wetl les prhshkch ek tlh hdhvhktl yhnr fj tlh Lhiern,Na An`r ns-Semmq (rnmey-Nddlu nkl) ahcnbh tlh @lndjn,wlf, >3 yhnrs njthr tlh Lhiern, pnsshm nwny nt tlh nih fj sexty-

tlrhh. Njthr leb, Xbnr nd-Jrq (rnmey-Nddlu nkl) ahcnbhtlh @lndjn. Lh wns bnrtyrhm nt tlh nih fj sexty-tlrhh, ek 13 fjtlh Lhiern. Njthr leb, Xtlbk Mluk-Krnek (rnmey-Nddlunkl) ahcnbh tlh @lndjn. Lh wns bnrtyrhm nt tlh nih fj heilty-twf, ek tlh yhnr 38 njthr tlh Lhiern. ]lhk, Nd (rnmey-Nddlutnd nkl) ahcnbh tlh @lndjn. Lh wns bnrtyrhm ek =7 N.L.wlhk lh wns sexty-tlrhh. ]lhsh jfur @lndjns nrh cnddhm nd-@ludnj nr-rslemk. Hxnctdy ns ek tlh Nsr ns-Snm, tlh rudhs

(nl`b) fj tlh Slnrn whrh cnrrehm fut nkm reilthfuskhss,oustech nkm jrhhmfb jdfureslhm hvhrywlhrh mureki tlhercndeplnths. Qudhs fj tlh Slnrn whrh cnrrehm fut wetlfut nkybesnppdecntefks. ]lhsh jfur @lndjns whrh tlh bfst hxndthmnbfki ndd tlh ns-Snlant nd-èrb (ndnelebu r-remwk) nkmtlher suphrefrety tf fkh nkftlhr wns ns ek tlh frmhr fj tlhshquhkch fj tlher cndeplnths.

Ek tlh tebh fj Na Ah`r rnmey-nddlu nkl Busdebs whkt fut

fj tlh Nrnaenk Whkeksudn. ]lhy supprhsshm tlh tubudts tlnt lnmarf`hk fut ek tlh phkeksudn, nkm struiidhm jfr tlh supprhssefk fjprfshdyths. Njthr fur Wrfplht (sndd-Nddlu ndnele wn snddnb)lfkfurhm tlh Lhrhnjthr wetl les prhshkch, rhahddefks arf`h futfk tlh Nrnaenk Whkeksudn. Na An`r (rnmey-Nddlu nkl) quhddhmtlh rhahddefks nkm struiidhm tf cfrrhct tlh npfstnths mureki lescndeplnth nkm rh-hstnadeslhm Busdeb ukety ns lnm ahhk tlh cnsh

>=

P>R Ek >58=, tlh pfpudntefk fj tlh wfrdm wns 1.=== aeddefk. ]lhrh whrh 311

beddefk Busdebs, 1< beddefk tlh Frtlfmfx,=97 beddefk Cntlfdecs nkm 171 beddefk Wrfthstnkts), >> beddefk Ohws,nkm >.3>> aeddefk pfdytlhests nkm ukahdehvhrs, wlf mem kft ahdehvh eknky lhnvhkdy aff` fr nky prfplht.


15/112

mureki tlh Nsr-ns-Snmn. Xbnr (rnmey-Nddlu nkl), wlhk lhahcnbh tlh @lndjn, mhdevhrhm n sphhcl?

F Cfbpnkefks fj tlh Bhsshkihr! rnmey-Nddlu tndnklub nobnk. Nrnaen cnk suppdy fkdy tlh anrdhy jfr yfurlfrshs. Uht, Nddlu tnd lns prfbeshm Les Ahdfvhm (tlh

Wrfplht) tlnt Lh wfudm ievh Bulnbbnms (ndnele s-sndb)Xbbn dnkms nkm lfbhs ek ndd pnrts fj tlh wfrdm. Ylhrh nrh tlhsfdmehrs tf cfkquhr tlfsh cfuktrehs prfbeshm nkm tf nttnekafftehs ek tles wfrdm nkm lfkfurs fj ilz nkm bnrtyr ek tlhLhrhnjthr6 Ylhrh nrh tlh ilzs wlf wedd sncrejech tlher devhs nkmlhnms nkm dhnvh tlher lfbhs tf rhscuh tlh lubnk sdnvhs fjNddlu tnd jrfb tlh pnws fj tlh cruhd jfr tlh sn`h fj Esdnb6.Yetl tlhsh wfrms, lh hkcfurnihm tlh Snlant nd-`erb(ndnelebu r-remwk) tf if jfr oelm nkm ilnz. Et wns tles sphhclfj Xbnrs (rnmey-Nddlu nkl) tlnt prfbpthm tlh rnpemhkdnrihbhkt fj Esdnbec cfuktrehs fk tlrhh cfktekhkts nkm tlhpurejecntefk fj beddefks fj phfpdh jrfb mesahdehj. Xpfk tlessphhcl, tlh Snlant nd-`erb (ndnelebu r-remwk) tff` nuknkebfus fntl tf bn`h oelm nkm tf jeilt jfr Esdnb ukted mhntl.Yetl nrbhm jfrchs frinkezhm ns tlh @lndjn lnm cfbbnkmhm,Busdebs dhjt tlher lfbhs nkm whkt fut fj Nrnaen nkm shttdhmhvhrywlhrh. Bnky fj tlhb mem kft cfbh anc` nkm struiidhm tedd

mhntl wlhrh tlhy lnm ifkh. ]lus bnky cfuktrehs whrhcfkquhrhm ek n slfrt tebh. Ek tlfsh mnys, tlhrh whrh twf irhnthbperhs? tlh Ayznktekh nkm tlh Whrsenk. Busdebs fvhrcnbh aftl.Hsphcenddy, tlh Whrsenk Hbperh cfddnpshm ndtfihtlhr, nkm ndd lhrdnkms cnbh ektf Busdebs pfsshssefk. Eklnaetnkts fj tlhshcfuktrehs, aheki adhsshm wetl tlh lfkfur fj ahcfbeki Busdebs,nttnekhm phnch ek tles wfrdm nkm hkmdhss adess ek tlh Lhrhnjthr.Mureki tlh tebhs fj Xtlbk nkm Nd (rnmey-Nddlu nklub),

tff, Busdebs mhmecnthm tlhbshdvhs tf ilnz. Kfkhtlhdhss, murekitlh cndeplnth fj Xtlbk (rnmey-Nddlu nkl) sfbh phfpdh rfshninekst tlh @lndjn nkm bnrtyrhm leb. Mureki tlh tebh fj Nd(rnmey-Nddlu nkl) tlh @lreo tubudts nrfsh. Mejjhrhkchs nbfkitlh Busdebs cfbbhkchm. Nkm, sekch tlh irhnthst sfurch fjcfkquhst nkm vectfry wns uknkebfus ukety, mureki tlhercndeplnths kft sf bucl dnkm wns cfkquhrhm ns lnm ahhk tlh cnshmureki tlh tebh fj Xbnr (rnmey-Nddlu nkl).

]lh hrn fj nd-@ludnj nr-rslemk dnsthm tlerty yhnrs. ]lhshtlerty yhnrs, de`h tlh tebh fj tlh Wrfplht (ndnele s-sndb), pnsshmek prfsphrety. Njthr tlhb, bnky aemns nkm wrfki pntls npphnrhmnbfki Busdebs nkm bnky phfpdh messhkthm jrfb tlh reilt wny.

>8


16/112

Fkdy tlfsh wlf ahdehvhm nkm nmnpthm tlhbshdvhs tf tlh Slnrnhxnctdy ns tlh Snlant nd-`erb (rnmey-Nddlu tnd nklubnobnk) lnm mfkh whrh snvhm. ]lher wny es tlnt fj Nld ns-Sukkntwnd-Onbn. ]les es tlh fkdy cfrrhct wny. ]lh wny wlecl furWrfplht (ndnele s-sndb) nkm les cfbpnkefks jfddfwhm wns tlh

wny wlecl es slfwk ay tlh sclfdnrs fj tlh Nld ns-Sukkn(rnlbntuddle tnd ndneleb nobnk). ]lh wrfki wnys whrhjfriftthk ek tlh cfursh fj tebh, nkm bfst Busdeb cfuktrehs tfmnyjfddfw tles cfrrhct wny. Fj tlfsh wlecl whrh kft cfbpnteadh wetltlh Nld ns-Sukknt wn d-Onbn, tlhrh es fkdy tlh Sleth irfupdhjt. ]lh Sleths cdneb, ]lh Cndeplnth wns Nds (rnmey-Nddlunkl) reilt nkm Nau An`r nkm Xbnr (rnmey-Nddlu tndnklub) mhprevhm leb fj les reilt ay jfrch, nkm tlhy sdnkmhrbfst fj tlh Snlant nd-`erb. P]fmny, tlfsh wlf nrh cnddhm

Busdebs nkm nrh `kfwk ns tlh nd-Xbbnt nd-Bulnbbnmeyyn nrhndbfst hkterhdy cfbpfshm fj tlh Nld ns-Sukkn, tlh Sleths nkmtlh YnllasR.P>R

]lh Nld ns-Sukkn, wetl rhsphct tf jeql (nctefks, eamt),cfksests fj jfur Bnmllnas. ]lh jerst fkh, tlh Lnknj Bnmllna,wns jfukmhm ay nd-Ebb nd-nznb Nau Lnkjn Kubk eak ]laet(rnlbntuddle ndhyl). Lnkj bhnks n phrsfk wlf ahdehvhscfrrhctdy, wlf cdekis tf Esdnb. Nau Lnkjn bhnks tlh jntlhr fj

truh Busdebs. Nd-Ebb nd-nznb mem kft lnvh n mnuilthr knbhmLnkjn. ]lh shcfkm fj tlh jfur Bnmllnas fj tlh Nld ns-Sukkn estlh Bde` Bnmllna fj Ebb Bde` eak Nkns (rnlbntuddlendhyl). ]lh tlerm fkh es tlh Slje Bnmllna fj EbbBulnbbhm eak Emrs nsl-Slje (rnlbntuddle ndhyl). LnmrntSlj, n Snla, wns tlh irnkmjntlhr fj tlh Ebbs irnkmjntlhr.]lnt wns wly lh nkm les Bnmllna whrh cnddhm Slje. ]lh jfurtlfkh es tlh Lnkand Bnmllna fj Nlbnm eak Lnkand (rnlbntuddle

ndhyl). PNs es wretthk ek tlh prhjnch fj Qnmm nd-bu`ltr ay Eakaemk, tlhsh jfur ebbs whrh afrk ek tlh leor yhnrs 87(9:9 bdm) nkm >:= nkm pnsshm nwny ek >87, >95, 17= nkm 1=>,rhsphctevhdy.R

Yetl rhsphct tf eteqm (ahdehjs), tlhsh jfur Bnmllnas nrh kftmejjhrhkt jrfb fkh nkftlhr. Ndd fj tlhb ahdfki tf tlh Nld ns-Sukkn nkm tlher ahdehjs nkm tlh anses fj tlher rhdeiefk nrh tlhsnbh. ]lhsh jfur Ebbs fj tlh Busdebs whrh irhnt buotnlemsrhcfikezhm nkm ahdehvhm ay hvhryafmy. Uht tlhy mesnirhhm wetl

>:

P>R ]lfsh zekmqs wlf nrh cnddhm Nlbnmeyyn (^meyks) nkm Anlslnvh kf cfkkhctefk wetl Esdnb. Aftl irfups nrh mesahdehvhrs.


17/112

fkh nkftlhr ek sfbh sbndd njjners wetl rhsphct tf nctefks (tlhSlnrn).

Ahcnush Nddlu tnd nkm Les Wrfplht (sndd-Nddlu tndndnele wn-sndnb) petehm Busdebs, et wns kft mhcdnrhm cdhnrdy ekûrk nd-`hrb nkm Lnmtl nsl-slhrj lfw sfbh nctefks slfudm

ah mfkh.P>R

]lhsh nctefks lnm tf ah mfkh ay cfbpnreki tlhb tftlfsh mhcdnrhm cdhnrdy. Nbfki rhdeiefus sclfdnrs, tlfsh wlf nrhcnpnadh fj ukmhrstnkmeki lfw sucl nctefks nrh tf ah mfkh njthrcfbpnreki tlhb whrh cnddhm buotnlem. Et wns woea, tlnt es, et wnscfbbnkmhm ek ûrk nd-`hrb nkm Lnmtl nsl-slhrj jfr nbuotnlem tf strevh wetl les utbfst hkhriy tf jekm fut lfw nknctefk es tf ah mfkh nkm, jfr leb nkm jfr tlfsh wlf jfddfw leb,tf phrjfrb et ek nccfrmnkch wetl les mhmuctefk fr clfech(eotelm), wlecl, lh tlfuilt, wns bfst prfanady tlh reiltsfdutefk. N buotnlems bestn`h ek hxpdfreki tlh wny fj mfeki nknctefk wedd kft ah rhinrmhm ns n sek, nkm lh wedd ah rhwnrmhm ektlh Lhrhnjthr jfr les hjjfrts, jfr bnk es cfbbnkmhm tf wfr` nsbucl ns lh cnk. Ej lh hrrhm, lh wedd ah ievhk fkh rhwnrm jfr leshjjfrts. Ej lh mescfvhrhm wlnt wns cfrrhct, lh wedd ah rhwnrmhmthk tebhs ns bucl. Ndd tlh Snlant nd-èrb (rnmey-Nddlu tndnklub nobnk) whrh irhnt sclfdnrs, tlnt es, buotnlems. Nbfkitlfsh wlf devhm ebbhmenthdy njthr tlhb, tlhrh whrh bnky irhnt

sclfdnrs cnpnadh fj eotelm, nkm hncl fj tlhb wns jfddfwhm ayvhry bnky phfpdh. Yetl tlh pnssnih fj tebh, bfst fj tlhb whrhjfriftthk, nkm nbfki tlh Nld ns-Sukkn, fkdy tlh jfur Bnmllnassurvevhm. Njthrwnrms, dhst sfbhfkh beilt cfbh jfrtl nkmprhthkm tf ah n buotnlem nkm bn`h up n lhrhtecnd irfup, tlh Nldns-Sukkn mem kft jfddfw nky Bnmllna ftlhr tlnk tlhsh jfur.Beddefks fj phfpdh nbfki tlh Nld ns-Sukkn jfddfwhm fkh fjtlhsh jfur Bnmllnas. Sekch tlh ahdehjs fj tlhsh jfur Bnmllnas

nrh tlh snbh, tlhy mf kft cfksemhr fkh nkftlhr wrfki, kfr mftlhy rhinrm fkh nkftlhr ns lfdmhrs fj aemnt fr lhrhtecs. Njthrsnyeki tlnt tlh reilt wny es tlh wny fj tlhsh jfur Bnmllnas, nBusdeb tlek`s tlnt les fwk Bnmllna es bfrh de`hdy tf ah cfrrhct.Sekch Esdnb mfhs kft rhvhnd cdhnrdy lfw tlh nctefks tlnt nrh tf ahmhthrbekhm tlrfuil eotelm slfudm ah mfkh, et es pfsseadh jfrfkhs fwk Bnmllna tf ah wrfki nkm tlh rhbnekeki tlrhh

>9

P>R Ej tlhy lnm ahhk mhcdnrhm cdhnrdy, et wfudm lnvh ahhk jnrm fr sukkn tfmf tlhb hxnctdy ns tlhy whrh mhcdnrhm. ]lfsh wlf wfudm kft mf tlhjnrm wfudm ah sekjud nkm tlfsh wlf wfudm sdeilt tlhb wfudm ahcfbhkfk-Busdebs0 dejh wfudm ah vhry mejjecudt jfr Busdebs.


18/112

Bnmllnas tf ah reilt, nkm et es ahtthr jfr hvhryfkh tf sny, ]lhBnmllna E jfddfw es reilt, aut et bny ah wrfki ns whdd0 tlh ftlhrtlrhh Bnmllnas nrh wrfki, aut tlhy bny ah reilt ns whdd. ]lus,ej tlhrh es kf `lnro (cfbphddeki khchssety), et es kft phrbesseadh tfbex tlh jfur Bnmllnas wetl fkh nkftlhr ay mfeki fkh tleki

nccfrmeki tf fkh Bnmllna nkm nkftlhr tleki nccfrmeki tfnkftlhr. N phrsfk lns tf nmnpt lebshdj ek hvhry rhsphct tf tlhBnmllna lh jfddfws ay dhnrkeki ets thnclekis wlhk tlhrh es kflnrno.P>R

Bfst sclfdnrs snem tlnt tlh Lnknj Bnmllna wns cdfshr tfaheki reilt. ]lhrhjfrh, tles Bnmllna shttdhm ek bfst Busdebcfuktrehs. Ndbfst ndd Busdebs ek ]urèstnk, Ekmen nkm Nkntfdennrh Lnknjs. Yhsthrk Njrecn es wlfdhdy Bde`. ]lhrh nrhBde`s ek sfbh cfnstnd rhiefks fj Ekmen. Nbfki tlh @urms nkmek Hiypt, Nrnaen nkm Mnilestnk, Slnjes nrh kubhrfus.Lnkands nrh jhw0 nt fkh tebh tlhrh whrh bnky ek Mnbnscus nkmAnilmnm.

]lh Nd-nmeddnt nsl-Slnreyyn (mfcubhkts, sfurchs fj Esdnb)cfksests fj jfur pnrts? ûrk nd-`hrb, nd-Lnmtl nsl-slhrj, eobnd-Xbbn nkm qeys nd-juqnl.

Ylhk buotnlems cfudm kft shh ek ûrk nd-`hrb cdhnrdy lfwnk nctefk es tf ah mfkh, tlhy wfudm rhsfrt tf Lnmtl nsl-slhrj. Ej

tlhy cfudm kft jekm et cdhnrdy ek Lnmtl nsl-slhrj, hetlhr, tlhywfudm mhcdnrh tlnt tlh nctefk slfudm ah mfkh ek nccfrmnkch wetltlh eob fk tlnt nctefk, ej tlhrh lnm ahhk nky. P1R

Ej tlh wny fj mfeki nk nctefk cfudm kft ah jfukm tlrfuil tlheob, hetlhr, tlhk et wfudm ah khchssnry tf jfddfw tlh qeys fjbuotnlems. Ebb Bde` (rnlbntuddle ndhyl) snem tlnt, ahsemhs

><

P>R Uht, ek cnsh fj lnrno (utthr mejjecudty, ebpfsseaedety fj mfeki nk nctefk

ek nccfrmnkch wetl les fwk Bnmllna), et es phrbesseadh jfr leb tfjfddfw nkftlhr Bnmllna ek tles bntthr. Nkm tles arekis nafut sfbhcfkmetefks. Lh lns tf fashrvh tlh cfkmetefks fj tlh dntthr Bnmllnacfkchrkeki tlh njjner wlhk bnèki ush fj tles fptefk. Et es wretthk ekEake aemk, ek tlh clnpthr lhnmdekhm Ke`l-e-reo, tlnt tlh sclfdnrsfj Lnknj Bnmllna lnvh essuhm n jntw phrbetteki tf ebetnth Bde`Bnmllna ek sucl cnshs.

P1R Eob bhnks uknkebety, cfkshksus0 ndd fj tlh Snlant nd-èrbscfbbhkteki fk fr mfeki nk nctefk ek tlh snbh bnkkhr. ]lh eob fj

tlh ]aek, wlf succhhmhm tlh Snlant nd-èrb, ndsf es nmfcubhkt. Ylnt tlh phfpdh wlf succhhmhm tlhb mem fr snem es kfteob, hsphcenddy ej tlhy nrh tfmnys phfpdh fr rhdeiefk rhjfrbhrs frrhdeiefusdy eikfrnkt phfpdh.


19/112

tlhsh jfur mfcubhkts, tlh uknkebety fj tlh eklnaetnkts fj nd-Bnmknt nd-buknwwnrn fj tlnt tebh wns n mfcubhkt. Lh snem,]lher trnmetefk PuknkebetyR wns lnkmhm mfwk jrfb tlher jntlhrs,jrfb tlher irnkmjntlhrs, nkm freieknddy jrfb Qnsduddnl (sndd-Nddlu ndnele wn snddnb). Lh snem tlnt tles mfcubhkt wns bfrh

mhphkmnadh tlnk qeys. Uht, tlh ebbs fj tlh ftlhr tlhrhBnmllnas mem kft cfksemhr tlh eklnaetnkts fj Bhmekn n sfurch jfrmfcubhktntefk.

]lhrh whrh twf bhtlfms jfr eotelm. Fkh wns tlh bhtlfm fjtlh udnb fj Ernq, cnddhm tlh wny fj rny (clfech) fr tlh wny fjqeys (cfbpnresfk)? ej et wns kft mhcdnrhm cdhnrdy ek ûrk nd-`hrb fr Lnmtl nsl-slhrj lfw tf mf nk nctefk, nkftlhr nctefktlnt wns cdhnrdy hxprhsshm ek ûrk nd-`hrb fr Lnmtl nsl-slhrjnkm wlecl wns sebednr tf tlh nctefk ek quhstefk wfudm ah shnrclhmjfr. Ylhk et wns jfukm, tlh nctefk ek quhstefk wfudm ah cfbpnrhmtf et nkm mfkh ek n sebednr wny. Njthr tlh Snlant nd-èrb, tlhdhnmhr fj tlh buotnlems fj tles wny wns Ebb nd-nznb NauLnkjn (rnlbntuddle ndhyl).

]lh shcfkm wny wns tlh wny fj tlh udnb fj Lemoz, cnddhmtlh wny fj rewyn (trnmetefk). ]lhy cfksemhrhm tlh trnmetefks fjtlh eklnaetnkts fj nd-Bnmknt nd-buknwwnrn suphrefr tf qeys.]lh irhnthst fj tlh buotnlems fj tles wny wns Ebb Bde`

(rnlbntuddle ndhyl), wlf devhm ek nd-Bnmknt nd-buknwwnrn. Nd-Ebb nsl-Slje nkm Ebb Nlbnm eak Lnkand (rnlbntuddletnd ndneleb) ntthkmhm les sflants. Nd-Ebb nsl-Slje, njthrdhnrkeki tlh wny fj Ebb Bde`, whkt tf Anilmnm nkm dhnrkhmtlh wny fj nd-Ebb nd-nznb (rnlbntuddle tnd ndhyl) jrfb lesmescepdhs nkm ukethm tlhsh twf bhtlfms. Lh hstnadeslhm n khwnpprfncl jfr eotelm. Ahcnsuh lh wns n vhry hdfquhkt nkm dethrnrybnk, lh ukmhrstffm tlh cfkthxt fj ynts nkm lnmtls nkm mhcemhm

fk hncl nctefk ek nccfrmnkch wetl nk ndthrkntevh lh jfukm bfrhhbplntec. Ylhk lh cfudm kft jekm nk ndthrkntevh strfki hkfuil,lh lebshdj hbpdfyhm eotelm nccfrmeki tf tlh wny fj qeys. Nlbnmeak Lnkand (rnlbntuddle tnd ndhyl), tff, whkt tf Anilmnmnjthr dhnrkeki tlh wny fj Ebb Bde` (rnlbntuddle tnd ndhyl).]lhrh, lh ncquerhm n bhtlfm fj qeys jrfb tlh mescepdhs fj nd-Ebb nd-nznb (rnlbntuddle tnd ndhyl). Uht, ahcnush lh lnmbhbfrezhm n irhnt bnky lnmtls, lh hbpdfyhm eotelm jerst ayhxnbekeki tlh wny wlhrhay lnmtls cfrrfafrnthm fkh nkftlhr.]lus, lh mesnirhhm wetl tlh ftlhr tlrhh Bnmllnas fk bnkypfekts cfkchrkeki tlh rudhs fj tlh Slnrn.

]lh cnsh fj tlhsh jfur Bnmllnas es sebednr tf tlnt fj tlh

>5


20/112

eklnaetnkts fj n tfwk, tlh kftnadhs fj wlecl, wlhk tlhy hkcfukthrn khw prfadhb tlhy cnkkft jekm ek tlh dnw, nsshbadh tfihtlhr nkmsfdvh et ay cfbpnreki et tf n cfkjfrbnadh pnrnirnpl fj tlh dnw.Sfbhtebhs tlhy cnkkft cfbh tf n butund nirhhbhkt. Sfbh fjtlhb sny tlnt tlh purpfsh fj tlh Stnth es bnekthknkch fj tfwks jfr

tlh cfbjfrt fj tlh phfpdh. Ay rhnsfkeki nkm fashrveki, tlhy sfdvhn prfadhb ay useki tlh nkndfiy ahtwhhk tlnt cnsh nkm n sebednrcnsh wlecl es mhjekhm merhctdy ek nk nrtecdh fj tlh dnw. ]lesprfchmurh es de`h tlh Lnknj Bnmllna. Ftlhrs fashrvh tlhahlnvefur fj tlh fjjecends cfbeki jrfb tlh cnpetnd nkm ebetnthtlhb ek tles rhsphct. ]lhy sny tlnt tlher ahlnvefr ekmecnths tlhekthktefk fj tlh Stnth. ]les bhtlfm es de`h tlh Bde` Bnmllna.Sfbh ftlhrs jekm fut tlh wny fj mfeki nk njjner ay stumyeki tlhhxprhssefks nkm cfkthxt fj tlh dnw. ]lhy nrh sebednr tf tlh Slje

Bnmllna. Nkm sfbh mhcemh tlh wny fj mfeki nk njjner cfrrhctdyay intlhreki tlh ftlhr nrtecdhs fj tlh dnw nkm cfbpnreki tlhbwetl fkh nkftlhr. ]lhy nrh de`h tlh Lnkand Bnmllna. ]lus, hnclfj tlh kftnadhs fj tlh tfwk jekms n sfdutefk nkm snys tlnt lessfdutefk es cfrrhct nkm cfbpnteadh wetl tlh dnw. Aut wlnt tlh dnwnpprfvhs fj es fkdy fkh fj tlh jfur, nkm tlh ftlhr tlrhh nrh wrfki.Uht tlher mesnirhhbhkt wetl tlh dnw es kft fut fj tlher ekthktefk tffppfsh tlh dnw0 tlhy strevh tf cnrry fut tlh frmhrs fj tlh Stnth.

]lhrhjfrh, kfkh fj tlhb es tf ah rhinrmhm iuedty. ]lhy nrh de`hdytf ah npprhcenthm jfr streveki lnrm. Aut tlfsh wlf jekm fut wlnt esreilt wedd ah npprhcenthm bfrh, nkm tlhy wedd ah rhwnrmhm. ]lhcnsh fj tlh jfur Bnmllnas es fj tles sfrt. ]lh wny Nddlu tndde`hs es chrtnekdy fkdy fkh fj tlhb. Ek nk njjner fk wlecl tlh jfurBnmllnas mesnirhh wetl fkh nkftlhr, fkh fj tlhb bust ah reiltnkm tlh ftlhr tlrhh wrfki. Aut, sekch hncl ebb nd-bnmllnahkmhnvfurhm tf jekm fut tlh reilt wny, tlfsh wlf whrh wrfki wedd

ah jfrievhk. ]lhy wedd hvhk ah rhwnrmhm, ahcnush fur Wrfplht(sndd-Nddlu ndnele wn snddnb) snem, ]lhrh es kf pukeslbhkt jfrby Xbbn muh tf bestn`hs fr jfrihtjudkhss. ]lhsh mejjhrhkchsnbfki tlhb fkdy cfkchrk sfbh ekseikejecnkt njjners. Sekch tlhrhwns cfbpdhth nirhhbhkt nbfki tlhb cfkchrkeki ahdehjs nkm fkbfst fj tlh eamt, tlnt es, tlh rudhs tlnt nrh fphkdy stnthm ek^urk nd-`hrb nkm Lnmtl nsl-slhrj, tlhy mem kft cretecezh fkhnkftlhr.

P^uhstefk? Ynllas nkm tlfsh wlf rhnm tlher aff`s sny.]lh Bnmllnas npphnrhm ek tlh shcfkm chktury fj tlh Lhiern. ]fwlecl Bnmllna mem tlh Snlan nkm tlh ]aek ahdfki6

Nkswhr? Nk ebb nd-bnmllna wns n irhnt sclfdnr wlf

17


21/112

cfddhcthm rhdeiefus `kfwdhmih tlnt lh ncquerhm jrfb tlh Snlan-t-nd-èrb nkm wlecl wns cdhnrdy stnthm ek ûrk nd-`hrb nkmLnmtl nsl-slhrj, nkm cfbbetthm et tf aff`s. Ns jfr tlh thnclekistlnt whrh kft mhcdnrhm cdhnrdy, lh wfudm hxnbekh tlhb aycfbpnreki tlhb tf tlh fkhs mhcdnrhm cdhnrdy. ]lhrh whrh ndsf

bnky ftlhr ebbs hncl lnveki les fwk Bnmllna mureki tlh tebhfj tlh whdd-`kfwk jfur ebbs. Aut tlfsh wlf jfddfwhm tlhbmhcrhnshm ek kubahr fvhr tlh chkturehs, nkm, ns n rhsudt, kfkh nrhdhjt tfmny.P>R Hncl Snlna wns n buotnlm, n prfjfukm deb, nkmnk ebb nd-bnmllna. Hncl lnm les fwk Bnmllna nkm wns bfrhhxndthm nkm dhnrkhm tlnk tlh jfur nebbnt nd-bnmllea. ]lherBnmllnas cfudm lnvh ahhk bfrh cfrrhct nkm suphrefr. Uht,ahcnush tlhy mem kft wreth aff`s, tlher Bnmllnas whrh jfriftthk.Et sffk ahcnbh kf dfkihr pfsseadh tf jfddfw nky Bnmllna ftlhrtlnk tlh jfur. Snyeki, ]f wlecl Bnmllna mem tlh Snlanahdfki6 es de`h snyeki, ]f wlecl squnmrfk mfhs tlh cfdfkhdahdfki6 fr, ]f wlecl cdnss fj tlh sclffd mfhs tlh plysecs bnsthrahdfki6R

Et es wretthk ek bnky aff`s tlnt jfur lukmrhm yhnrs njthr tlhLhiern tlhrh whrh kf dfkihr nky sclfdnrs cnpnadh fj phrjfrbekibutdnq (nasfduth) eotelm. ]lh lnmtl nsl-slhrj fk tlh 3>

P>R Nd-lnmqn, p. 3>R Sekch et es kft phrbesseadh jfr n phrsfk wlflns kf hxcush tf nct ek nccfrmnkch wetl tlh ru`lsn fj les fwkBnmllna, et es ukmhrstffm tlnt et es khvhr phrbesseadh tf shnrcl jfrtlh ru`lsns fj ftlhr Bnmllnas, wlecl es cnddhm tlh tndjq fjBnmllnas.

]lh nutlfr fj tlh aff` Murr-ud-bu`ltr (rnlbntuddle tndndhyl) snys ek ets prhjnch nkm ndsf et es snem ek Qnmm-ud-bu`ltr,nk nkkftntefk aff` tf Murr-ud-bu`ltr, Et es kft snll tf dff`jfr tlh ru`lsns fj tlh Bnmllnas nkm tf mf nk eamn eknccfrmnkch wetl tlhb. Jfr hxnbpdh, ej tlh sèk fj n Slje wetl

nk nadutefk adhhms, les nadutefk mfhs kft arhn`, wledh adhhmekiarhn`s tlh nadutefk fj n Lnknj0 fk tlh ftlhr lnkm, n Sljesnadutefk arhn`s ej n k-bnlrnb wfbnks sèk tfuclhs les sèk,tlfuil et mfhs kft arhn` nccfrmeki tf tlh Lnknj Bnmllna.]lhrhjfrh, ej n phrsfks sèk adhhms nkm tfuclhs n k-bnlrnbwfbnks sèk njthr lh lns bnmh nk nadutefk, tlh sndt lhphrjfrbs wetl sucl nk nadutefk es kft snll. De`hwesh, et es ated(ekvndem, wrfki) tf jfddfw nkftlhr Bnmllna wledh mfeki

sfbhtleki nccfrmeki tf n Bnmllna. Jfr hxnbpdh, ej n mfitfuclhs n Slje wlf, nccfrmeki tf les Bnmllna, ruas deiltdy leswht lnkms fk n sbndd nrhn fj tlh lnery pnrt fj les fwk lhnm wlhkphrjfrbeki nk nadutefk, et wedd kft ah snll jfr leb tf phrjfrbsndt Pwetlfut wnsleki tlh surjnch tlh mfi lns tfuclhmR ay ndsfjfddfweki tlh Bde` Bnmllna. ]lh sndt fj n phrsfk wlfb n mfilns tfuclhm wedd kft ah snll nccfrmeki tf tlh Slje Bnmllna.Lfwhvhr, nccfrmeki tf tlh Bde` Bnmllna, n mfi es kftrhdeiefusdy ebpurh (knos), aut fkh lns tf rua les wht lnkms fk tlhhkterh lnery pnrt fj les lhnm (wlhk bnèki nadutefk). Sebednrdy,

11

P>R Nd-bzk nd-ùar, prhjnch.


23/112

mevfrch ievhk ukmhr murhss es snll ek tlh Lnknj Bnmllna, autet es kft snll ek tlh ftlhr tlrhh Bnmllnas. ]lhrhjfrh, et es kftphrbesseadh jfr tles phrsfk tf jfddfw tlh Slje Bnmllna nkm iffk aheki bnrrehm wetl tlh wfbnk wlfb lh lns mevfrchm wledhrhbnekeki bnrrehm nt tlh snbh tebh tf lhr sesthr ay jfddfweki tlh

Lnknj Bnmllna. Et es kft snll, nccfrmeki tf tlh uknkebety fjtlh udnb tf bn`h tndjeq ek mfeki nk nct, tlnt es, tf shnrcl jfr tlhru`lsns fj tlh Bnmllnas nkm tf nct ek nccfrmnkch wetl tlhb. Etes kft phrbesseadh tf mf sfbhtleki wetlfut jfddfweki fkh fj tlhjfur Bnmllnas.P>R Jurtlhrbfrh, Et es phrbesseadh ek tlh SljeBnmllna tf phrjfrb tlh hnrdy nkm dnth njthrkffk prnyhrstfihtlhr nkm tlh keilt nkm hvhkeki prnyhrs tfihtlhr wlhk tlhrhes nk hxcush, sucl ns trnvhddeki nkm lnrm rnek. Et es kft phrbesseadhek tlh Lnknj Bnmllna. Et es lnrb ej n Lnknj, wlhk lh es

trnvhddeki, phrjfrbs tlh hnrdy njthrkffk prnyhr ek tlh tebh fj tlhdnth njthrkffk prnyhr wetlfut nky prhsseki cercubstnkch frmejjecudty tf mf sf0 et es khvhr snll jfr leb tf phrjfrb tlh dnthnjthrkffk prnyhr ek tlh tebh fj tlh hnrdy njthrkffk prnyhr. Autaftl cnshs nrh snll ek tlh Slje Bnmllna. Ylhk tlhrh es nirhnt mejjecudty (lnrno, bnslnqqn) ek mfeki sfbhtleki (h.i. nkeamn) nccfrmeki tf fkhs fwk Bnmllna, et es phrbesseadh jfr lebtf clffsh tlh hnsy wny (ru`lsn) fj mfeki tlnt tleki ek les fwk

Bnmllna. Ej tlhrh es mejjecudty ek mfeki tlh ru`lsn, tff, et wedd ahphrbesseadh tf jfddfw nkftlhr Bnmllna jfr tlnt pnrtecudnr eamn.Aut tlhk lh wedd lnvh tf phrjfrb tlh jnrm nkm woea nctefksphrtnekeki tf tlnt eamn ek tlh shcfkm Bnmllna.P1R N phrsfkwlf ebetnths nkftlhr Bnmllna wlhk mfeki nk nct fr eamn mfhskft if fut fj les Bnmllna0 lh lns kft clnkihm les Bnmllna.Fkdy, wledh mfeki tlnt nct, lh lns tf fashrvh tlh prekcepdhs fj tlhftlhr Bnmllna, tff.

Eak Naemk (rnlbntuddle tnd ndhyl) wreths? Ej n Lnknjwlf lns phrjfrbhm nk nadutefk wetlfut jfrbnddy ekthkmeki tfphrjfrb nk nadutefk phrjfrbs tlh hnrdy njthrkffk prnyhr wetl tlesnadutefk, et wedd ah phrbesseadh0 ej lh ahcfbhs n Slje njthr tlhnrrevnd fj tlh tebh jfr tlh dnth njthrkffk prnyhr nkm phrjfrbs tlhdnth njthrkffk prnyhr wetl tles nadutefk, et wedd kft ah snll. Lhlns tf ekthkm jfrbnddy tf phrjfrb nk nadutefk nkm phrjfrb nknadutefk ninek.P3R

13

P>R Murr nd-bu`ltr, prhjnch, nkm Qnmm nd-bultr, nkkftntefk tf et.P1R eaem, shctefk fk tebhs fj sndt.P3R Qnmm nd-bultr, v. EE. p. 8=1. N jfrbnd ekthktefk es jnrz ek tlh Slje

Bnmllna, wlhrhns et es kft jnrm ek tlh Lnknj.


24/112

Ej n phrsfk clnkihs les Bnmllna jfr wfrdmdy cfksemhrntefkswetlfut nky rhdeiefus khchssety fr wetlfut n khchssety phrtnekekitf `kfwdhmih, lh bn`hs n inbh fj Esdnb. Lh bust ah pukeslhm. Etes jhnrhm tlnt lh bny meh wetlfut bk. Nddlu tnd mhcdnrhm?Ns` tlfsh wlf `kfw. Jfr tles rhnsfk, et ahcnbh woea tf ns` n

buotnlem, tlnt es, tf jfddfw n Bnmllna. Jfddfweki n Bnmllna espfsseadh hetlhr ay snyeki wlnt fkhs Bnmllna es fr, wetlfutsnyeki, ay ekthkmeki tf ah ek et wetl fkhs lhnrt. ]f jfddfw nBnmllna bhnks tf rhnm, dhnrk nkm nct nccfrmeki tf tlh thnclekisfj tlh ebb nd-bnmllna. Fkh cnkkft ofek n Bnmllna ay snyeki,E nb Lnknj, fr E nb Slje, wetlfut dhnrkeki fr `kfweki et.Sucl phfpdh slfudm dhnrk lfw tf phrjfrb eamt jrfb rhdeiefusbnsthrs nkm jrfb edb nd-ld aff`s.P>R

N phrsfk wlf mhspeshs tlh Bnmllnas nkm clnkihs lesBnmllna ek frmhr tf clffsh tlh hnsy wnys fj mfeki sfbhtlekiPtlnt es, wlf ukeths tlh Bnmllnas nkm shdhcts nkm intlhrs tlherru`lsnsR wedd kft ah ncchpthm ns n wetkhss.P1R

Eak aemk stnths ek les prhjnch tlnt Lrk nr-Qnslm, tlh@lndjn, snem tf Ebb Bde`, E wnkt tf sprhnm yfur aff`s nddfvhr Busdeb cfuktrehs nkm frmhr hvhryafmy tf jfddfw fkdy tlhshaff`s. Ebb Bde` rhpdehm, F @lndjn! Mfkt mf tlnt! Sclfdnrsmejjhreki ektf Bnmllnas es Nddlu tnds cfbpnssefk upfk tlh

Xbbn. Hvhryfkh jfddfws tlh Bnmllna lh de`hs. Ndd tlhBnmllnas nrh cfrrhct.

N Bubek fr Busdeb fr Busdebk es fkh wlf ahdehvhs nkmncchpts tlh Esdnbec thnclekis tlnt whrh cfbbukecnthm tflubnkety tlrfuil Bulnbbnm (ndnele s-sndb) ay Nddlu tndnkm wlecl lnvh sprhnm fvhr Busdeb cfuktrehs. ]lhsh thnclekiswhrh mhcdnrhm ek ûrk nd-`hrb nkm ek tlfusnkms fj lnmtls.]lh ns-Snlant nd-èrb lhnrm tlhb jrfb tlh Wrfplht (sndd-

Nddlu ndnele wn snddnb). ]lh Sndnj ns-sdelk, tlnt es, tlh udnbfj Esdnb, wlf cnbh njthr tlh Snlant nd-èrb ek tlh shcfkm nkmtlerm chkturehs, wrfth tlhb ek tlher aff`s ns tlhy lhnrm tlhbmerhctdy fr tlrfuil tlfsh wlf lnm lhnrm tlhb jrfb tlh Snlantnd-èrb. Esdnbec sclfdnrs wlf succhhmhm tlhb ekthrprhthm tlh`kfwdhmih rhpfrthm ay tlh Sndnj ns-sdelk mejjhrhktdy nkmmejjhrhm jrfb fkh nkftlhr0 tlus, shvhkty-tlrhh irfups mejjhreki ektlh thnclekis phrtnekeki tf ahdehjs cnbh ektf aheki. Fkdy fkh fjtlhsh irfups mem kft jfddfw tlher fwk tlfuilts nkm fpekefks fr

1=

P>R Qnmm ud-bu`ltr, shctefk fk tnzr.P1R eaem, shctefk fk wetkhss.


25/112

clnkih fr nmm nkytleki ek tlher ekthrprhtntefk. ]les irfup wetlcfrrhct crhmf es cnddhm tlh Nld ns-Sukkn fr Sukk. ]lh rhbnekekishvhkty-twf irfups wlf messhkthm ns n rhsudt fj wrfkiekthrprhtntefk nkm hxpdnkntefk fj ukcdhnr nyts nkm lnmtls nrhcnddhm irfups fj aemn (fr mnddn, mhventefk, lhrhsy) fr tlh d-

bnmllna0 tlhy nrh Busdebs, tff, aut tlhy nrh ek lhrhsy.Sfbh phfpdh, eksthnm fj mhreveki tlh `kfwdhmih fj ahdehj jrfbtlh aff`s fj tlh Sndnj ns-sdelk rnlbntuddle tnd ndnelebnobnk, ekthrprht ^urk nd-`hrb nkm Lnmtl nsl-slhrj eknccfrmnkch wetl fkdy tlher fwk bekms nkm fpekefks0 tlus tlhercrhhm mhvenths cfbpdhthdy nkm tlhy ahcfbh mesahdehvhrs cnddhmbudlems. ]lh budlem tlek`s fj lebshdj ns n sekchrh Busdeb nkm fjtlh Xbbn fj Bulnbbnm (ndnele s-sndb). ]lh bukjeqektrfmuchs lebshdj ns n Busdeb aut es ek nkftlhr rhdeiefk. ]lhzekmq es nk ntlhest nkm mfhs kft ahdehvh ek nky rhdeiefk, autprhthkms tf ah n Busdeb ek frmhr tf bn`h Busdebs errhdeiefus,ntlhestec. Lh strevhs tf bn`h rhjfrbs ek Esdnb nkm tf nkkelednthEsdnb ay clnkieki nkm mhjedeki et. Lh es lfstedh tf Esdnb. ]lhy nrhbucl bfrh lnrbjud tlnk Ohws nkm Clrestenks. Nkm sf nrhjrhhbnsfks.

]lh thnclekis tlnt bust ah ahdehvhm ek frmhr tf ah n Busdebnrh kft fkdy tlh sex thkhts fj bk. ]f ah n Busdeb, et es ndsf

fadeintfry tf ahdehvh tlnt et es khchssnry tf mf tlh whdd-`kfwkjnrms nkm tf nvfem nkm kft tf mf tlh lnrbs. N phrsfk wlfmesahdehvhs tlh jnct tlnt et es fkhs prebnry muty tf mf tlh jnrms nkmtf nvfem tlh lnrbs dfshs les jnetl nkm ahcfbhs n burtnmm(rhkhinmh, npfstnth, prfshdyth). N phrsfk wlf ahdehvhs et aut mfhskft mf fkh fr bfrh fj tlh jnrms fr cfbbets fkh fr bfrh fj tlhlnrbs es n Busdeb, aut lh es n iuedty, sekjud Busdeb. Sucl nBusdeb es cnddhm n jseq. Mfeki tlh jnrms nkm nastnekeki jrfb tlh

lnrbs nrh cnddhm phrjfrbeki eam. N Busdeb wlf trehs tf mftlh eamt nkm wlf rhphkts ebbhmenthdy wlhk lh lns n jnudt escnddhm sdel.

]fmny, et es kft hxcusnadh jfr n phrsfk wlf devhs ek tlh jrhhwfrdm kft tf `kfw tlh sex thkhts fj bk nkm tlh whdd-`kfwkjnrms nkm lnrbs. Et es n irnvh sek kft tf dhnrk tlhb. Et eskhchssnry tf dhnrk tlhb arehjdy nkm tf thncl tlhb tf fkhscledmrhk. Ej fkh khidhcts tf dhnrk tlhb ns n rhsudt fj jdeppnkcy,

fkh ahcfbhs n `jer (mesahdehvhr). Nky kfk-Busdeb wlf fkdysnys, Nsllnmu nk d edln eddNddl wn nsllnmu nkknBulnbbnmnk namulu wn Qnsdul, nkm `kfws nkm ahdehvhs etsbhnkeki ahcfbhs n Busdeb ebbhmenthdy. Uht, dnthr fk lh lns tf

18


26/112

dhnrk irnmunddy tlh sex thkhts fj bk nkm tlh whdd-`kfwk jnrmsnkm lnrbs jfr hvhry Busdeb, nkm Busdebs wlf `kfw tlhbslfudm thncl leb. Ej lh mfhs kft dhnrk tlhb lh ifhs fut fj Esdnbnkm ahcfbhs n burtnmm. Et es khchssnry tf dhnrk tlhb jrfbihkuekh edb nd-ld aff`s wretthk ay tlh Nld ns-Sukkn sclfdnrs.

]lh eteqm fr bk fj tlh jfur truh, cfrrhct Bnmllnas es tlhsnbh. ]lhrh es kf mejjhrhkch ahtwhhk tlhb ek Esdnb. Ndd fj tlhblfdm tlh ahdehjs fj tlh Nld ns-Sukkn. ]lfsh wlf mf kft ahdehvh ektlh ahdehjs fj tlh Nld ns-Sukkn nrh cnddhm tlh phfpdh fj aemn, e.h.tlh d bnmllna. ]lhy cndd tlhbshdvhs bhbahrs fj tlh jejtlbnmllna. ]lhsh wfrms fj tlhers nrh kft truh. ]lhrh es kf sucltleki ns n jejtl bnmllna. ]fmny tlhrh es kf wny ftlhr tlnkdhnrkeki tlh `kfwdhmih phrtnekeki tf rhdeiefk jrfb tlh edb nd-ldaff`s fj fkh fj tlhsh jfur Bnmllnas. Hvhryfkh clffshs tlhBnmllna tlnt es hnsy jfr leb tf jfddfw. Lh rhnms ets aff`s nkmdhnrks et. Lh mfhs hvhrytleki cfbpnteady wetl et, jfddfws et, nkmahcfbhs n bhbahr fj et (tnqdm). Ahcnush et es hnsy jfr n phrsfk tfdhnrk wlnt lh lhnrs nkm shhs jrfb les pnrhkts, n Busdeb usunddyahdfkis tf tlh Bnmllna fj les pnrhkts. ]lh Bnmllnas aheki kftfkh aut jfur es n jncedety jfr Busdebs. Et es phrbesseadh tf dhnvh fkhBnmllna nkm ofek nkftlhr, yht et wedd tn`h yhnrs tf stumy nkmdhnrk tlh khw fkh, nkm tlh wfr` mfkh jfr dhnrkeki tlh jfrbhr fkh

wedd ah fj kf ush nkm bny hvhk cnush cfkjusefk wledh mfeki bnkytlekis. Et es ay kf bhnks phrbesseadh tf dhnvh fkh Bnmllnaahcnush fkh mesde`hs et, jfr Esdnbec sclfdnrs snem tlnt et wedd ahmesahdehj (ùjr) tf mesde`h tlh Sndnj ns-sdelk fr tf sny tlnt tlhywhrh eikfrnkt.

Qhchktdy sfbh phfpdh de`h Bnumffme fj Wnèstnk nkm Snyyemûta nkm Qnslm Qem fj Hiypt lnvh npphnrhm. ]lhy nkm tlfshwlf lnvh ahhk mhchevhm ay rhnmeki tlher aff`s sny tlnt tlh jfur

Bnmllnas slfudm ah ukethm nkm tlnt Esdnb slfudm ah bnmh hnsyay shdhcteki nkm intlhreki tlh ru`lsns fj tlh jfur Bnmllnas.]lhy mhjhkm tles emhn wetl tlher slfrt bekms nkm mhjecehkt`kfwdhmih. N idnkch fvhr tlher aff`s wedd slfw nt fkch tlh jncttlnt tlhy `kfw kftleki nafut tnjsr, lnmtl, usd fr jeql, nkm tlnttlhy rhvhnd tlher eikfrnkch tlrfuil tlher uksfukm dfiec nkm jndshwretekis. Cfksemhr tlh jfddfweki?

>) ]lh udnb fj tlh jfur bnmllnas sny, ]lh budjeqs

mhmuctefk es ekcfrrhct, tlnt es, nk eamn phrjfrbhm ay jfddfwekibfrh tlnk fkh Bnmllna nt tlh snbh tebh wedd ah ated (ekvndem),kft snll, wlhk tles phrjfrbnkch es kft snll ek nky fkh fj tlhBnmllnas. N phrsfk wlf mfhs kft fahy tlh uknkebety fj tlh

1:


27/112

udnb fj tlh jfur Bnmllnas (rnlbntuddle tnd ndnelebnobnk) wedd kft ah ek nky Bnmllna. Lh wedd ah n d bnmllna.Mhhms fj sucl n d-bnmllna phrsfk wedd kft ah cfbpnteadh wetlEsdnb. ]lhy wedd ah wfrtldhss. Lh wedd lnvh bnmh n inbh fjEsdnb.

1) Cfkjekeki Busdebs nkm tlher eamt tf n sekidh wny weddbn`h Esdnb bfrh mejjecudt. Nddlu tnd nkm Les Wrfplht (sndd-Nddlu ndnele wn snddnb) wfudm lnvh mhcdnrhm hvhrytleki cdhnrdyej tlhy weslhm et sf nkm hvhrytleki wfudm ah mfkh ay jfddfwekifkdy tlnt fkh wny. Aut, petyeki lubnk crhnturhs, Nddlu tndnkm Les Bhsshkihr (sndd-Nddlu ndnele wn snddnb) mem kft mhcdnrhhvhrytleki cdhnrdy. Znrefus Bnmllnas cnbh fut ns n rhsudt fj tlhekthrprhtntefks fj tlh udnb fj tlh Nld ns-Sukkn (rnlbntuddletnd ndneleb nobnk). Ylhk n phrsfk hkcfukthrs sfbhmejjecudty, lh clffshs nk hnsy wny ek les fwk Bnmllna. Ek cnsh fjirhnthr mejjecudty, lh jfddfws nkftlhr Bnmllna nkm mfhs tlntnctefk hnsedy. ]lhrh wfudm ah kf sucl jncedety ek cnsh tlhrh whrhfkdy fkh Bnmllna. ]lh d-bnmllna wlf tlek` tlnt tlhy nrhcfddhcteki tlh ru`lsns tf hstnadesl n sekidh systhb fj hnsy wnysnrh, ek nctund jnct, ekvhkteki mejjecudtehs jfr Busdebs, prfanadywetlfut aheki nwnrh fj wlnt tlhy nrh mfeki.

3) Nk ntthbpt tf mf fkh pnrt fj nk eamn nccfrmeki tf fkh

Bnmllna nkm nkftlhr pnrt nccfrmeki tf nkftlhr Bnmllna weddbhnk tf bestrust tlh `kfwdhmih fj tlh ebb fj tlh jfrbhrBnmllna. Ns es wretthk nafvh, et wedd ah `ujr tf sny tlnt tlh Sndnjns-sdelk (rnlbntuddle tnd ndneleb nobnk) whrh eikfrnkt.

Lestfry lns wetkhsshm bnky phfpdh wlf wnkthm tf bn`hclnkihs ek eamt nkm wlf eksudthm tlh udnb fj tlh Nld ns-Sukkn (rnlbntuddle tnd ndneleb nobnk). Et es favefus tlnttlh phfpdh wlf sny et es khchssnry tf shdhct tlh ru`lsns fj tlh

Bnmllnas nkm tf nafdesl tlh jfur Bnmllnas cnkkft hvhkcfrrhctdy rhnm fr ukmhrstnkm fkh pnih fj tlh nebbnt nd-bnmlleas aff`s. Jfr, ukmhrstnkmeki tlh Bnmllnas nkm tlhsuphrefrety fj tlh nebbn rhquerhs aheki mhhpdy dhnrkhm. Nphrsfk wlf es prfjfukmdy dhnrkhm wedd kft dhnm phfpdh tfruekntefk ay fphkeki nk eikfrnkt, stupem pntl. Ahdehveki tlheikfrnkt nkm lhrhtecnd phfpdh, wlf lnvh npphnrhm ek tlh cfurshfj lestfry, dhnms fkh tf phrmetefk. Jfddfweki tlh udnb fj tlh

Nld ns-Sukkn, wlf lnvh cfbh ek hvhry chktury jfr jfurthhklukmrhm yhnrs nkm wlf lnvh ahhk prneshm ek lnmtls, iuemhs tflnppekhss. Yh, tff, slfudm lfdm jnst tf tlh reilt wny fj furnkchstfrs, fj tlfsh pefus, purh Busdebs, fj tlfsh bnrtyrs wlf

19


28/112

sncrejechm tlher devhs jfr tlh Knbh fj Nddlu tnd nkm jfr tlhprfbudintefk fj Esdnb. Nkm wh slfudm kft ah mhchevhm ay tlhpfesfkfus, lnrbjud nrtecdhs fj upstnrt rhjfrbhrs!

Xkjfrtuknthdy, tlh pfesfkfus emhns fj Namul, tlh clehj fj tlhCnerf Bnsfkec Dfmih, lnvh rhchktdy sprhnm ek Obe nd-Nzlnr ek

Hiypt0 tlus, ek Hiypt tlhrh lnvh npphnrhm rhdeiefk rhjfrbhrs suclns Qnslm Qem0 Bustnj nd-Bnril, rhctfr fj tlh Obe nd-Nzlnr0Nam nd-Bnom ns-Sndb, bujt fj Cnerf0 Bnlbm nsl-Slndtut0]nktnw nd-Onwlnr0 Nam nr-Qzeq Wnsln0 _n` nd-Buarn`0Jnrm nd-Ynom0 Naas Nqqm0 Nlbnm Nbk0 Mfctfr ]nlLusnek Wnsln0 ^seb Nbk0 nkm Lnsnk nd-Ankk. Hvhk bfrhukjfrtuknthdy, ns wns mfkh tf tlher bnsthr Namul, tlhsh lnvhahhk rhinrmhm ns bfmhrk Busdeb sclfdnrs, nkm tlher aff`s

lnvh ahhk trnksdnthm ektf bnky dnkiunihs. ]lhy lnvh cnushmbnky eikfrnkt rhdeiefus bhk nkm yfuki Busdebs tf sdep fut fj tlhreilt wny.

]lh Irhnt Busdeb sclfdnr Snyyem Namudln`b-e Nrws(rnlbntuddle ndhyl), tlh buonmmem fj tlh jfurthhktl chktury fjtlh Lhiern, snem? Namul, Bujt fj Cnerf, cfudm kft ukmhrstnkmtlh irhntkhss fj tlh udnb fj Esdnb. Lh sfdm lebshdj tf tlhhkhbehs fj Esdnb nkm nt dnst ahcnbh n jrhhbnsfk nkm fkh fj tlh

jhrfcefus mesahdehvhrs wlf lnvh ahhk mhbfdesleki Esdnbeksemefusdy.]lfsh wlf rfddhm mfwk ektf mesahdehj fr aemn fr lhrhsy, de`h

Namul, ndwnys cfbphthm wetl fkh nkftlhr ek besdhnmeki ndsftlfsh yfuki rhdeiefus bhk wlf succhhmhm tlhb. ]lhy pefkhhrhmtlh mesnsthrs wlecl whrh prfplhsehm ek lnmtl nsl-slhrj,Quekntefk fj by Xbbn wedd cfbh tlrfuil tlh joer (lhrhtecnd)bhk fj rhdeiefus nutlfrety.

Njthr Namuls mhntl ek Hiypt ek >313 (>578 N.M.), tlhkfvechs wlfb lh trnekhm ek Hiypt mem kft stny emdh0 tlhypuadeslhm kubhrfus lnrbjud aff`s wlecl ekcurrhm bnkejhstntefkfj n Mevekh Cursh nkm Yrntl. Fkh fj tlhb es tlh aff`Bulwnrt ay Qnslm Qem. Ek tles aff`, lh nttnc`hm, de`h lesbnsthr, tlh jfur Bnmllnas fj tlh Nld ns-Sukkn nkm, tlek`eki fjtlh Bnmllnas ns emhndestec mejjhrhkchs nkm besrhprhshkteki tlhbhtlfms nkm cfkmetefks fj eotelnm ns rhnctefknry cfktrfvhrsehs,whkt sf jnr ektf lhrhsy ns tf sny tlnt tlhy lnm arf`hk Esdnbecukety. Lh sebpdy bnmh juk fj beddefks fj truh Busdebs wlf lnvhahhk jfddfweki fkh fj tlh jfur Bnmllnas jfr n tlfusnkm yhnrs.Lh ofurkhyhm ns jnr nwny jrfb Esdnb ns tf shnrcl jfr tlh wnys fj

1<


29/112

bhhteki cfkthbpfrnry khhms ek clnkieki fj Esdnb. ]lh fkdy tlekitlnt es cfbbfk nbfki rhdeiefk rhjfrbhrs es tlnt hncl fj tlhbektrfmuchs lebshdj ns n rhnd Busdeb nkm nk Esdnbec sclfdnr fjhxthksevh `kfwdhmih wlf lns cfbprhlhkmhm rhnd Esdnb nkmbfmhrk khhms. ]lhy mhscreah ns ebetntfrs wlf tlek` vudinrdy

tlfsh truh, pefus Busdebs wlf lnvh rhnm nkm ukmhrstffm Esdnbecaff`s nkm wlf lnvh ahhk jfddfweki ek tlh jfftsthps fj tlh udnbfj tlh Nld ns-Sukkn, wlf whrh ievhk tlh iffm khws tlnt tlhywhrh Qnsduddnls (ndnele s-sndb) eklhretfrs nkm wlf whrhprneshm ek tlh lnmtl nsl-slhrj? ]lher tebh es tlh ahst fj tebhs.]lh rhjfrbhrs mhcdnbntefks nkm nrtecdhs slfw cdhnrdy tlnt tlhy`kfw kftleki fj tlh rudhs fj Esdnb fr tlh thnclekis fj jeql0 tlnt es,tlhy nrh mhvfem fj rhdeiefus `kfwdhmih nkm nrh irfssdy eikfrnkt.Ek tlh lnmtls, ]lh leilhst phfpdh nrh tlh sclfdnrs wlf lnvhbk0 ]lh udnb fj tlh rhdeiefk nrh tlh prfplhts eklhretfrs0]lh lhnrts `kfwdhmih es n shcrht fj Nddlu tnds bysthrehs0]lh debs sdhhp es nk eamn0 Qhvhrh tlh udnb fj byXbbn! ]lhy nrh tlh stnrs fk tlh hnrtl0 ]lh udnb weddekthrchmh fk tlh Mny fj Oumihbhkt0 ]lh juql nrhekhstebnadh. Et es nk eamn tf ah ek tlher cfbpnky, nkm Nk debnbfki les mescepdhs es de`h n Wrfplht nbfki les Xbbn, mfhs furWrfplht (sndd-Nddlu ndnele wn snddnb) prnesh tlh Nld ns-Sukkn

sclfdnrs fj tlerthhk lukmrhm yhnrs fr Namul nkm les kfvechs, tlhupstnrts wlf sprnki up dnthr6 ]lh quhstefk es nkswhrhm ay furbnsthr Qnsduddnl (sndd-Nddlu ndnele wn snddnb) ninek? Hnclchktury wedd ah wfrsh tlnk tlh chktury prefr tf et. ]lus et wedd iffk wfrshkeki tedd Mffbsmny! nkm Ns Mffbsmny mrnws khnr,bhk fj rhdeiefus pfst wedd ah bfrh rftthk, bfrh putrem tlnkputrhjehm mfk`hy jdhsl. ]lhsh lnmtls nrh wretthk ek Bu`ltnsnru]nmlèrnt nd-ûrtua. Ndd Esdnbec sclfdnrs nkm tlfusnkms fj

Nwdey, wlfb Qnsduddnl (sndd-Nddlu ndnele wn snddnb) prneshmnkm dnumhm, uknkebfusdy sny tlnt tlh wny wlecl lns ahhk ievhktlh iffm khws fj sndvntefk jrfb Lhdd es tlh wny fj tlfsh udnbwlf nrh cnddhm tlh Nld ns-Sukknt wn d-Onbn, nkm tlnt tlfshwlf nrh kft Sukk wedd if tf Lhdd. ]lhy ndsf sny uknkebfusdy tlnttndjq (ukejecntefk), tlnt es, shdhcteki nkm intlhreki tlh ru`lsns fjtlh jfur Bnmllnas nkm bnèki up n sekidh jndsh Bnmllna, eswrfki nkm nasurm.

Yedd n rhnsfknadh phrsfk jfddfw tlh wny fj tlh Nld ns-Sukkn,wlecl lns ahhk prneshm uknkebfusdy ay tlh udnb fj Esdnb(rnlbntuddle tnd ndneleb nobnk), wlf lnvh cfbh mureki tlhphrefm fj n beddhkkeub, fr wedd lh ahdehvh tlh sf-cnddhm cudturhm,

15


30/112

prfirhssevh phfpdh wlf nrh uknwnrh fj Esdnb nkm wlf lnvhspruki up wetlek tlh dnst lukmrhm yhnrs6

Hbekhkt nkm tnd`ntevh fkhs fj tlh shvhkty-twf lhrhtecndirfups, wlf tlh Lnmtl nsl-slhrj stnths wedd if tf Lhdd, lnvhndwnys nttnc`hm tlh udnb fj tlh Nld ns-Sukkn (rnlbntuddle

tnd ndneleb nobnk) nkm ntthbpthm tf chksurh tlhsh adhsshmBusdebs0 yht tlhy lnvh ahhk mesirnchm wetl nkswhrscfrrfafrnthm wetl ynts nkm lnmtls. Shheki tlnt tlhy whrhuksucchssjud wetl `kfwdhmih ninekst tlh Nld ns-Sukkn, tlhyhbanr`hm fk rnem nkm burmhr, `eddeki tlfusnkms fj Busdebs ekhvhry chktury. Fk tlh ftlhr lnkm, bhbahrs fj tlh jfurBnmllnas fj tlh Nld ns-Sukkn lnvh ndwnys dfvhm fkh nkftlhrnkm devhm arftlhrdy.

Qnsduddnl (sndd-Nddlu ndnele wn snddnb) mhcdnrhm? Busdebspnrteki ektf Bnmllnas ek bntthrs fj mnedy dejh es Nddlu tndscfbpnssefk Pjfr tlhbR. Aut sucl rhdeiefk rhjfrbhrs ns QnslmQem, wlf wns afrk ek >138= (>538 N.M.), snem tlnt tlhy wfudm hstnadesl Esdnbecukety ay uketeki tlh jfur Bnmllnas. Aut fur Wrfplht (sndd-Nddlundnele wn snddnb) cfbbnkmhm ndd Busdebs tlrfuilfut tlh wfrdmtf uketh fk fkh sekidh wny fj bk, fk tlh reilt wny fj les jfur@lndjns. Ay wfr`eki tfihtlhr, tlh udnb fj Esdnb (rnlbntuddle

tnd ndneleb nobnk) shnrclhm nkm stumehm tlh jfur @lndjnswny fj bk nkm trnksjhrrhm et ektf aff`s. ]lhy knbhm tlesukequh wny, wlecl fur Wrfplht lnm cfbbnkmhm, Nld ns-Sukkntwn d-Onbn. Busdebs ndd fvhr tlh wfrdm lnvh tf uketh fk tlessekidh wny fj tlh Nld ns-Sukkn. ]lfsh wlf wesl jfr ukety ek Esdnb,ej tlhy nrh sekchrh ek tlher wfrms, slfudm ofek tles hstnadeslhmukefk. Aut ukjfrtuknthdy, jrhhbnsfks nkm zekmqs, wlf lnvh ahhktryeki tf mhbfdesl Esdnb eksemefusdy, lnvh ndwnys mhchevhm

Busdebs wetl sucl jndsh wfrms ns ukety nkm, ukmhr tlh bns` fjtlher sdfink, Yh slndd areki cffphrntefk, lnvh arf`hk tlhukety fj bk ektf pehchs.

Hkhbehs fj Esdnb lnvh ahhk tryeki tf nkkelednth Esdnb sekchtlh tebh fj fur Wrfplht. ]fmny, jrhhbnsfks, cfbbukests, Ohwsnkm Clrestenks nttnc` wetl vnrefus pdnks. Ndsf, tlfsh lhrhtecndBusdebs, wlf, ns et wns mhcdnrhm, wedd if tf Lhdd, pdny trec`s nkmsdnkmhr tlh Nld ns-Sukkn, tlh jfddfwhrs fj tlh reilt wny, nkm

besdhnm Busdebs fjj tlh truh wny. ]lus tlhy cffphrnth wetl tlhhkhbehs fj Esdnb ek frmhr tf mhbfdesl tlh Nld ns-Sukkn. ]lhshnttnc`s ndsf lnvh ahhk pefkhhrhm ay tlh Aretesl, wlf lnvhhbpdfyhm ndd tlher ebphrend rhsfurchs, trhnsurehs, nrbhm jfrchs,

37


31/112

jdhhts, thclkfdfiy, pfdetecenks nkm wrethrs ek tles ansh wnr fj tlhers.Sf tlhy lnvh mhbfdeslhm tlh wfrdms twf irhnthst Busdeb stnthstlnt lnm ahhk prfthctfrs fj tlh Nld ns-Sukkn, knbhdy tlhIurikeyyn Stnth ek Ekmen nkm tlh Fttfbnk Esdnbec Hbperh,wlecl lnm hxthkmhm fvhr tlrhh cfktekhkts. ]lhy lnvh nkkelednthm

Esdnbs vndunadh aff`s ek ndd cfuktrehs nkm swhpt nwny Esdnbecthnclekis jrfb bnky cfuktrehs. Ek tlh Shcfkm Yfrdm Ynr,cfbbukests whrh nafut tf phresl ndtfihtlhr, wlhk tlhy rhchevhmn dnst-metcl Aretesl succfr, wlecl lhdphm tlhb tf rhinek tlherstrhkitl nkm sprhnm ndd fvhr tlh wfrdm. Ek >5>9, Aretesl WrebhBekesthr (>571-8) Onbhs Andjfur hstnadeslhm tlh _efkestfrinkezntefk, wlecl wfr`hm jfr tlh rhhstnadeslbhkt fj n Ohweslstnth ek Wndhstekh, n lfdy pdnch jfr Busdebs, nkm tlh cfktekufussuppfrt ievhk tf tles frinkezntefk ay tlh Aretesl Ifvhrkbhkt

rhsudthm ek tlh hstnadeslbhkt fj tlh Stnth fj Esrnhd ek >3:: (>5=9N.M.). Et es tlh Aretesl Ifvhrkbhkt, ninek, tlnt cnushm tlhhstnadeslbhkt fj tlh Ynllaeth Stnth ek >38> (>531 N.M.) aymhdevhreki tf tlh Sfks fj Snm tlh Nrnaenk Whkeksudn tlhy lnmirnsphm jrfb tlh Fttfbnks. ]lus tlhy mhndt tlh aeiihst adfw tfEsdnb.

Namurrnslm Earnleb Hjhkme snys ek n pnssnih hktetdhm ]lhLfstedety fj tlh Aretesl ]fwnrms Esdnb ek tlh shcfkm vfdubh fj

tlh ]ur`esl aff` dnb-e Esdb prekthm ek Estnkaud ek >31< (>5>7N.M.)? Et wns tlh jerst neb fj tlh Aretesl tf narfinth tlhCndeplnth fj Busdebs ns sffk ns pfsseadh. Et wns n pdft nrrnkihmay tlhb tf hkcfurnih Crebhnk ]ur`s tf rhvfdt ninekst tlhFttfbnk Stnth sf tlnt tlhy cfudm mhbfdesl tlh Cndeplnth. ]lhershcrht nkm trec`y ekthktefk wns shhk cdhnrdy tlrfuil tlh ]rhnty fjWnres. ]lhy hxpfshm tlh lfstedety ek tlher lhnrts ek tlhprfpfsetefks wlecl tlhy bnmh ek tlh Dfznk ]rhnty, wlecl wns

lhdm ek >513. Ylnthvhr tlh mesiuesh, ndd tlh mesnsthrs tlnt jhdd upfktlh ]ur`s whrh ndwnys cnushm ay tlh Aretesl. ]f mhstrfy Esdnb lnshvhr ahhk tlh bnek pfdetecnd neb fj Aretesl pfdetecenks, jfr tlhylnvh ndwnys jhnrhm Esdnb. ]lhy lnvh ahhk useki bhrchknrycfkscehkchs tf mhchevh Busdebs. ]lhsh trhnclhrfus nkmlypfcretecnd phfpdh nrh prhshkthm ay tlh Aretesl ns Esdnbecsclfdnrs. Ek slfrt, tlh irhnthst hkhby fj Esdnb nrh tlh Aretesl.

Kft fkdy whrh Busdeb cfuktrehs stnekhm wetl adffm ay tlh

Aretesl jfr lukmrhms fj yhnrs, aut ndsf Scftcl jrhhbnsfksmhchevhm tlfusnkms fj Busdebs nkm rhdeiefus bhk, bnmh tlhbjrhhbnsfks, nkm tlrfuil sucl hbpty wfrms ns lhdpekilubnkety, arftlhrlffm, cnushm tlhb tf messhkt jrfb Esdnb nkm

3>


32/112

ahcfbh npfstnths weddekidy. Ek frmhr tf nkkelednth Esdnbtlrfuildy, tlhy ushm tlhsh npfstnth bnsfks ns tffds. ]lus,jrhhbnsfks sucl ns Bustnj Qnslm Wnsln, d Wnsln, JunmWnsln, Bemlnt Wnsln nkm ]ndnt Wnsln whrh ushm tf mhbfdeslEsdnbec stnths. Jrhhbnsfks sucl ns Onbd nm-mk nd-Njilk,

Bulnbbnm Namul nkm kfvechs trnekhm ay tlhb whrh tlh cntspnws ek mhjedeki nkm nkkelednteki Esdnbec `kfwdhmih. Fj tlhlukmrhms fj mhstructevh nkm suavhrsevh aff`s wretthk ay tlhshbnsfks, wlf fccupehm rhdeiefus pfsts, tlh aff` Bulwnrt aytlh Hiyptenk Qnslm Qem lns ahhk trnksdnthm ektf bnkydnkiunihs nkm mestreauthm ek Esdnbec cfuktrehs0 wetl tlesbhtlfm, tlhy lnvh ahhk tryeki tf mhjedh Busdebs rhdeiefk nkmjnetl. Nkm et es shhk tlnt tlfsh yfuki rhdeiefus bhk wlf lnvhkft rhnm fr ukmhrstffm tlh aff`s fj tlh udnb fj tlh Nld ns-

Sukkn (rnlbntuddle tnd ndneleb nobnk) lnvh ahhk shezhmay tles currhkt nkm puslhm ektf phrmetefk nkm lnvh ndsf arfuiltphrmetefk tf ftlhrs.

]lh aff` Bulwnrt nttnc`s tlh jfur Bnmllnas fj tlh Nldns-Sukkn, mhkehs eob nd-Xbbn, fkh fj tlh jfur sfurchs fjEsdnbec `kfwdhmih, nkm snys tlnt hvhryafmy slfudm nct upfk wlntlh mhmuchs jrfb tlh Aff` (^urk nd-@hrb) nkm tlh Sukkn(Lnmtl nsl-slhrj)0 tlus, et ntthbpts tf hxthrbeknth Esdnbec

thnclekis.P>R

Et es snem nt tlh hkm fj tlh aff` Ludsnt-ut-tnlqq tlnt nBusdeb hetlhr lns ahcfbh n buotnlem fr lns kft rhnclhm tlhirnmh fj eotelm. N buotnlem es hetlhr butdnq (nasfduth) frbuqnyynm (ahdfkieki tf n Bnmllna). Et es kft phrbesseadh jfr nbuotnlem butdnq tf jfddfw nkftlhr buotnlem0 lh lns tf jfddfw lesfwk eotelm. Lfwhvhr, et es woea jfr n buotnlem buqnyynm tfjfddfw tlh bhtlfms fj tlh Bnmllna fj n buotnlem butdnq0 nkm lh

ncts upfk les fwk eotelm wlecl lh hbpdfys ek nccfrmnkch wetltlhsh bhtlfms.

31

P>R Ek frmhr tf ekjfrb Busdeb arftlhrs fj tlh trec`s nkm lnrbs fj tlesaff`, wh prhpnrhm fur Nkswhr tf nk Hkhby fj Esdnb ek >35= (>59=N.M.) nkm puadeslhm et ek ]ur`esl nkm Hkidesl. Ndsf, shheki tlnt tlhaff` @ludsnt nt-tnlqq j anyke lu`be t-tnqdm wn t-tndjq ay tlhirhnt Busdeb sclfdnr Nam nd-Ilnk nk-Knaudus (rnlbntuddle tndndhyl) nkm tlh aff` Luoont-Nddle ndn d-dnbk ay Usuj nk-

Knalk (rnlbntuddle tnd ndhyl) nkm Snej nd-narr ay BulnbbnmNam nr-Qnlbk ns-Sedlnt rnlbntuddle tnd ndhyl, fkh fj tlhudnb fj Ekmen, whrh tlh hxnct rhjutntefks tf tles lnrbjud aff`, whrhprfmuchm tlhsh aff`s ay fjjsht prfchss nkm puadeslhm tlhb.


33/112

N phrsfk wlf es kft n buotnlem slfudm jfddfw wleclhvhr fkhlh de`hs fj tlh jfur Bnmllnas. Lfwhvhr, wlhk mfeki nk nct eknccfrmnkch wetl n chrtnek Bnmllna, lh lns tf fashrvh ndd tlhcfkmetefks rhquerhm ay tlnt Bnmllna jfr et tf ah snll. Ej lh mfhskft fashrvh hvhk fkh fj tlh cfkmetefks, les nct wedd kft ah snll0

et lns ahhk stnthm uknkebfusdy tlnt sucl nk nct wedd ah ek vnek(ated). ]lfuil et es kft n bust jfr leb tf ahdehvh tlnt lesBnmllna es suphrefr, et wedd ah iffm ej lh ahdehvhs sf. ]ndjq, tlntes, tf mf nky eamn fr nky nct ek nccfrmnkch wetl tlh rudhs fjbfrh tlnk fkh Bnmllna tlnt mesnirhh wetl fkh nkftlhr fr, tfput et bfrh cdhnrdy, tf shdhct hcdhctecnddy tlfsh rudhs fj tlhshBnmllnas wlecl mesnirhh wetl fkh nkftlhr ek phrjfrbeki tlnteamn, bhnks tf if fut fj tlh jfur Bnmllnas nkm tf bn`h up njejtl Bnmllna. ]les eamn wedd kft ah snll ek nky fj tlhBnmllnas bexhm wetl fkh nkftlhr0 et wedd ah ek vnek nkm weddbhnk tf bn`h n inbh fj Esdnb. Jfr hxnbpdh, ej sfbh knosn lnsahhk mrfpphm ektf n chrtnek nbfukt fj wnthr fj dhss tlnk lnwm`nar nkm bfrh tlnk quddntnekP>R nkm ej tlh cfdfur, tnsth fr fmfr fjtlh wnthr lns kft clnkihm nkm ej n phrsfk phrjfrbs nadutefk wetltles wnthr wetlfut ekthkmeki jfrbnddy (keyyn) tf phrjfrb nknadutefk nkm ej lh mfhs kft wnsl chrtnek pnrts fj les afmy ek tlhprhscreahm succhssefk nkm ej lh mfhs kft rua les lnkms ninekst

tlhb nkm ej lh mfhs kft wnsl tlhb fkh reilt njthr nkftlhr nkm ejlh ahieks les nadutefk wetlfut snyeki tlh Ansbndn, les nadutefkwedd kft ah snll nccfrmeki tf nky fj tlh jfur nebbnt nd-bnmlllea. Lh wlf snys tlnt et es snll wedd lnvh bnmh up n jejtlBnmllna. Hvhk n buotnlem cnkkft ievh n jejtl fpekefkmesnirhheki wetl tlh uknkebety fj tlh jfur Bnmllnas. P]lhnbfukt fj wnthr hqundeki n quddntnek wns hxpdnekhm ek mhtned ektlh shvhktl clnpthr fj tlh jfurtl jnscecdh fj tlh aff` Hkmdhss

Adess.R Snmr nsl-Slnrn wreths ek les aff` ]nwml, Ylhk twfmejjhrhkt vehws cfkchrkeki sfbhtleki whrh trnksbetthm jrfb tlhSnlant nd-èrb, tlh pfsthrefr udnb whrh kft phrbetthm tfprfpfsh n tlerm fkh nccfrmeki tf uknkebety. ]lhrh nrh ndsf tlfsh(sclfdnrs) wlf snem tlnt tlh udnb fj hvhry chktury wfudm ahde`h tlh Snlant nd-èrb. Bfddn @lusrnw (rnlbntuddle tndndhyl) wrfth ek les wfr` Bert nd-usd, Ylhk twf mejjhrhktvehws nafut mfeki sfbhtleki whrh trnksbetthm jrfb tlh sclfdnrsfj tlh jerst chktury, et wns kft phrbesseadh, nccfrmeki tf eob, tf

33

P>R Lnwm `nar, irhnt pffd fj nt dhnst 18 squnrh bhthrs0 quddntnek,1>9.98 ì.


34/112

ievh n tlerm vehw. Et es snll tf sny tlnt tlh udnb fj hvhrychktury whrh de`h tlh ns-Snlant nd-èrb. Ondd nm-mk nd-beldd, tlh jerst nutlfr fj tlh tnjsr aff` nd-Onddnek, snys ek tlhcfbbhktnry tf Onb nd-Onwbe ay ns-Suyt, Et es lnrb tfmesnirhh wetl eob. Et es prfleaethm ek ûrk nd-`hrb. Jfr tles

rhnsfk, et es lnrb tf hxprhss n tlerm fpekefk nafut sfbhtleki fkwlecl tlh Sndnj ns-slndelk mesnirhhm.Fkhs mfeki nk eamn ay jfddfweki rudhs fj tlh twf, tlrhh fr

jfur Bnmllnas mesnirhheki wetl fkh nkftlhr es mesfahmehkch tftlh eob fj tlhsh Bnmllnas0 sucl nk eamn wedd kft ah snll eknky fj tlhsh Bnmllnas. ]lnt es, tndjq es kft phrbesseadh. ^sebeak ^ntdaniln wreths ek Nt-tnsll, Et es uknkebfusdy stnthm tlntet es kft snll tf mf nk eamn ay jfddfweki twf mejjhrhkt eotelms.Jfr tles rhnsfk, ej n phrsfk, wledh phrjfrbeki nk nadutefk, mfhskft rua les wht lnkms fvhr ndd les lhnm nkm ej tlhk n mfi tfuclhsleb nkm tlhk lh phrjfrbs sndt, les sndt wedd kft ah snll. Et esndsf wretthk ek tlh aff` ]nwqj nd-lu``b ay Slela na-mkNlbnm eak nd-Ebm (rnlbntuddle tnd ndhyl), n Slje sclfdnr,tlnt sucl n sndt wedd ah wrfki nccfrmeki tf tlh uknkebety.Nccfrmeki tf Ebb Bde` nkm nd-Ebb nsl-Slje (rnlbntuddletnd ndneleb), tlh nadutefk nkm sndt fj sucl n phrsfk wedd kftah snll ahcnush, nccfrmeki tf tlh jfrbhr ebb, lh mem kft rua

les wht lnkms fk les wlfdh lhnm nkm, nccfrmeki tf tlh dntthr ebb,lh tfuclhm n mfi.Bulnbbnm nd-Anilmm (rnlbntuddle tnd ndhyl), n

Lnknj sclfdnr, wreths ek les aff`dht ]nqdm, ]lhrh nrh tlrhhstepudntefks jfr ebetnteki nkftlhr Bnmllna. ]lh jerst fkh, wlecles ndsf wretthk ay Eak Lubb ek les wfr`, ]nlrr, es tlnt n phrsfkcnkkft jekesl ek nkftlhr Bnmllna nk eamn wlecl lh ahink eknccfrmnkch wetl les fwk Bnmllna. Jfr hxnbpdh, lh cnkkft

phrjfrb sndt ek nccfrmnkch wetl tlh Slje Bnmllna wetl nknadutefk wlecl lh phrjfrbhm ek nccfrmnkch wetl tlh LnknjBnmllna. ]lh shcfkm stepudntefk, ns qufthm ay Eak Lubb ekles ]nlrr jrfb Nlbnm eak Emrs nd-^nrj, es tlnt tlh eamnt lhes mfeki slfudm kft ah cfksemhrhm ekvndem ay aftl fj tlhBnmllnas lh es jfddfweki0 ej lh, wledh phrjfrbeki nk nadutefk,jfddfws tlh Slje Bnmllna nkm mfhs kft rua les lnkm fk tlfshpnrts fj les afmy lh lns tf wnsl ek nk nadutefk, nkm tlhk ej lh

tfuclhs n wfbnk Plh es phrbetthm tf bnrryR tlekèki les nadutefkwedd kft arhn` ay mfeki sf nccfrmeki tf tlh Bde` Bnmllna, tlhsndt lh phrjfrbs wetl tles nadutefk wedd kft ah snll nccfrmeki tfhetlhr Bnmllna. ]lh tlerm stepudntefk es tlnt fkh slfudm kft shh`

3=


35/112

njthr tlh ru`lsns fj tlh Bnmllnas. Ebb nk-Knwnw nkm bnkyftlhr udnb hbplnsezhm tlh ebpfrtnkch fj tles stepudntefk. EakLubb mem kft stnth tles stepudntefk. Lnsnk nsl-Slnrkaddwreths ek les Nd-eqm nd-jnrm, ]lh ke`l phrjfrbhm wetlfut tlhprhshkch fj tlh wnd (iunrmenk fj hetlhr fj tlh ekthkmhm cfupdh

wlf es kft yht puahschkt) ay jfddfweki tlh Lnknj Bnmllna frtlnt wlecl es phrjfrbhm wetlfut tlh prhshkch fj hyh-wetkhsshs ayjfddfweki tlh Bde` Bnmllna, wedd ah snll. Lfwhvhr, tlh ke`lphrjfrbhm wetl tlh nashkch fj aftl tlh iunrmenk nkm tlh hyh-wetkhsshs wedd kft ah snll. Ahcnush et wfudm ah vhry mejjecudt jfrtlh cfbbfk phfpdh tf fashrvh tles tlerm stepudntefk tlhy lnvhahhk prfleaethm tf ebetnth nkftlhr Bnmllna ukdhss tlhrh es nprhsseki khchssety (mnrrn) tf mf sf. Et lns ahhk snem tlnt et weddkft ah snll tf ebetnth nkftlhr Bnmllna wetlfut cfksudteki nk

deb.Esbd nk-Knadus (rnlbntuddle tnd ndhyl), ek les

nkkftntefk tf tlh cfbbhktnry jfr Nm-murnr, rhjhrs tf Nd-eqm nd-jnrm nkm snys, Fkh mfhs kft lnvh tf rhbnek nttnclhm tf nBnmllna. Lh cnk mf nk eamn fj les ay ebetnteki nkftlhrBnmllna ns whdd. Aut tlhk lh lns tf fashrvh ndd tlh cfkmetefksrhquerhm ek tlnt Bnmllna jfr tlnt eamn. Lh cnk phrjfrb twfeamns kft rhdnthm tf hncl ftlhr ek twf mejjhrhkt wnys ay jfddfweki

twf mejjhrhkt Bnmllnas. ]lh khchssety fj fashrveki ndd fj tlhcfkmetefks wlhk ebetnteki nkftlhr Bnmllna hxpfshs tlh jnct tlntukejecntefk (tndjq) fj tlh Bnmllnas es kft snll.

Nam nr-Qnlbk nd-Ebm (rnlbntuddle tnd ndhyl), nLnknj sclfdnr, snys ek les aff` Nd-buqnmmebn, N phrsfk cnkebetnth nky fj tlh tlrhh Bnmllnas ftlhr tlnk les wlhk tlhrh es nprhsseki khchssety. Uht, lh lns tf fashrvh ndd tlh cfkmetefksrhquerhm ek tlnt Bnmllna jfr tlnt eamn. Jfr hxnbpdh, n Lnknj

wlf phrjfrbs nk nadutefk jrfb n quddntnek nbfukt fj wnthrstnekhm wetl knosn ay ebetnteki tlh Slje Bnmllna, lns tfekthkm jfrbnddy jfr phrjfrbeki tlh nadutefk, lns tf rua les lnkmfk tlfsh pnrts fj les afmy tlnt lnvh tf ah wnslhm ek nadutefk, lnstf rhceth nd-Jteln wlhk phrjfrbeki tlh sndt ahlekm tlh ebb PekcfkirhintefkR, nkm bust chrtnekdy fashrvh tnmd nd-nr`k. Et lnsahhk stnthm uknkebfusdy tlnt les sndt wedd kft ah snll ej lh mfhskft mf ndd fj tlhsh. Les rhbnr` prhsseki khchssety jfr ebetnteki

nkftlhr bnmllna wns suphrjdufus. Ay khchssety lh bust lnvhbhnkt tlh khhm jfr ebetnteki0 jfr, nccfrmeki tf tlh bnofrety fjtlh udnb, fkh mfhs kft lnvh tf jfddfw cfktekufusdy tlh snbhBnmllna. Fkh cnk jfddfw nkftlhr Bnmllna ej n mejjecudty (lnrno)

38


36/112

npphnrs wledh jfddfweki fkhs Bnmllna. Ndd fj wlnt lns ahhkwretthk sf jnr slfws tlnt ukejecntefk (tndjq) fj tlh Bnmllnas eskft snll.

Eak Lubbs wfr` ]nlrr mfhs kft cfktnek nky stnthbhktsekmecnteki tlnt tndjq es snll. Bulnbbnm nd-Anilmm nkm nd-

Ebb nd-Bnkw wreth tlnt Eak Lubb snys ek tlh aff` Jntl nd-qnmr? Et es n sek tf trnksjhr fkhshdj tf nkftlhr Bnmllna ay usekink eotelm fr n mfcubhkt ns n prffj. ]nzr (clnsteshbhkt) slfudmah ekjdecthm fk sucl n phrsfk. Et es hvhk wfrsh tf trnksjhr wetlfutnk eotelm, n suppfrt. ]f trnksjhr (ek tles cfkthxt) bhnks tf nct nkmphrjfrb nk eamt ek nccfrmnkch wetl nkftlhr Bnmllna. Fkhcnkkft trnksjhr ay fkdy snyeki tlnt fkh lns trnksjhrrhm. ]les escnddhm n prfbesh, kft n trnksjhr. Hvhk ej fkh snys sf, fkh mfhs kftlnvh tf jfddfw tlnt Bnmllna. ]lh ynt nd-`hrbn, Ns` tlfsh wlf`kfw nafut wlnt yfu mf kft `kfw, cfbbnkms us tf ns` n phrsfkwlf es `kfwk Pstrfkidy tlfuiltR tf ah nk deb nafut n (rhdeiefus)rudh. Sclfdnrs prfleaetefk ninekst clnkieki fkhs Bnmllna esekthkmhm tf prhvhkt nk ntthbpt nt cfddhcteki tlh ru`lsns fj tlhBnmllnas. ]f bnky sclfdnrs, hvhry Busdeb cnk jfddfw tlh eotelmwlecl cfbhs hnsehr tf leb ek mejjhrhkt bntthrs. Ej nk eikfrnbussnys tlnt Eak Lubbs dnst stnthbhkt slfws tlnt ukejecntefk fjtlh Bnmllnas es snll, tles rhnsfkeki fj les es wrfki0 jfr, tlh

stnthbhkt slfws tlnt fkh nctefk slndd ah mfkh hkterhdy eknccfrmnkch wetl n sekidh Bnmllna, kft ay jfddfweki bfrh tlnkfkh Bnmllna. ]lfsh wlf mf kft ahdfki tf n Bnmllna nkmrhdeiefk rhjfrbhrs wlf cnkkft ukmhrstnkm tles put jfrwnrm EakLubb ns n jndsh wetkhss jfr tlhbshdvhs. Fk tlh cfktrnry, EakLubb wreths cdhnrdy ek les wfr` ]nlrr tlnt ukejecntefk fj tlhBnmllnas es kft phrbesseadh.

Qhdeiefk rhjfrbhrs pfekt tf Eak Kuonebs (rnlbntuddle tnd

ndhyl) wreteki ns nk hxnbpdh jfr phrbessefk jfr tndjq, wleclsnys, Et es wretthk ek n jntw essuhm ay ^m-@lk tlnt ej n pehchfj dnkm nrhn mhvfthm tf n wnqj es sfdm nt n ilnank jlesl prech, etwedd ah ukdnwjud, nccfrmeki tf Na Usuj (rnlbntuddle tndndhyl), ahcnush fj tlh ilnank jlesl prech. Fk tlh ftlhr lnkm,nccfrmeki tf Na Lnkjn, et es phrbesseadh jfr tlh mhputy tf shddet nt ilnank jlesl (hxfraetnkt) prech0 sf tlh twf eotelms nrhukejehm tf bn`h tlh sndh snll. Lfwhvhr, tlh tndjq ek tles

hxnbpdh tn`hs pdnch wetlek tlh snbh fkh Bnmllna. Aftloumihbhkts nrh tlh rhsudts fj tlh snbh Xsd. Kft sf es tlh cnshwetl tlh tndjq fj twf Bnmllnas. Nkftlhr hvemhkch slfweki tlntEake Kuonyb mfhs kft sny tlnt tndjq es phrbesseadh es les fwk

3:


37/112

stnthbhkt, N phrsfk wlf ahcfbhs ebb jfr n onbnt wlfshbhbahrs nrh ek nkftlhr Bnmllna (nkm cfkmucts tlh knbz ek

onbnt) lns tf fashrvh tlh prekcepdhs fj tlnt Bnmllna, tff,wlecl hxests ek Anlr-ur-req, n cfbbhktnry lh prhpnrhm jfr tlhaff` @nkz.P>R Nt tles pfekt wh hkm fur trnksdntefk jrfb tlh jeknd

pnrt fj tlh aff` @ludsn-t-ut-tnlqq.Bulnbbnm Nam nr-Qnlbk ns-Sedlnt (rnlbntuddle tndndhyl), n sclfdnr fj Ekmen, wrfth ek les Whrsenk aff` Snej nd-narrnd-bnsdd ndn d-juoor, Yledh hxpdnekeki tlh lnmtl nsl-slhrj,Bn`h et hnsy! Mf kft bn`h et mejjecudt! ek les hxpdnkntefk fjBesl`t, Nddbn Ljez Lnsnk eak Bulnbbnm nt-]nyyeaP1R

(rnlbntuddle tnd ndhyl) snys, N phrsfk wlf intlhrs tlh hnsywnys fj tlh Bnmllnas ahcfbhs n zekmq. Ek subbnry?

>) Hvhry Busdeb lns tf jfddfw fkh fj tlh jfur Bnmllnas wlhklh phrjfrbs nk eamn fr nk nct. Et es kft phrbesseadh tf jfddfw nkydeb wlf es kft ek fkh fj tlh jfur Sukk Bnmllnas.

1) Hvhry Busdeb bny jfddfw nky fj tlh jfur Bnmllnas wlecllh de`hs nkm wlecl cfbhs hnsehr tf leb. Lh bny cnrry fut nkeamn (fr nk nct) ek nccfrmnkch wetl fkh Bnmllna nkm nkftlhreamn ek nccfrmnkch wetl nkftlhr Bnmllna.

3) Ns jfr cnrryeki fut nk eamn ek nccfrmnkch wetl bfrh tlnk

fkh Bnmllna, et wedd ah khchssnry tf fashrvh ndd tlh rhquerhbhktsfj fkh fj tlhsh Bnmllnas jfr tlh sfukmkhss fj tlnt eamn, nkm jfrtlnt eamn tf ah snll ek tlnt Bnmllna. ]les es cnddhm tnqw, nkmes vhry iffm. Fkh wfudm lnvh jfddfwhm (tnqdm) tlnt Bnmllna nkmwfudm lnvh fashrvhm tlh cfkmetefks ek tlh ftlhr Bnmllnas.Jfddfweki n Bnmllna es phrbesseadh prfvemhm fkh wedd fashrvh nddets cfkmetefks. Ej fkhs eamn es kft snll nccfrmeki tf nky fj tlhBnmllnas lh jfddfws, tles es cnddhm tndjq, wlecl es khvhrphrbesseadh.

=) Fkh mfhs kft lnvh tf ndwnys rhbnek nttnclhm tf tlhBnmllna fkh lns clfshk. Fkh cnk trnksjhr fkhshdj tf nkftlhrBnmllna nky tebh fkh de`hs. Nmnpteki fkhshdj tf nky Bnmllnarhquerhs dhnrkeki whdd tlh thnclekis fj jeql ek tlnt Bnmllna,wlecl cnk ah dhnrkhm jrfb edb nd-ld aff`s. ]lhrhjfrh, et wedd ahhnsehr tf rhbnek nttnclhm tf fkh bnmllna ndd tlh tebh. Et esmejjecudt tf trnksjhr fkhshdj tf fr, jfr nk njjner, tf ebetnth nkftlhr

39

P>R @ludsnt nt-tnlqq, jeknd pnrt.P1R Nt-]nyya pnsshm nwny ek Mnbnscus ek 9=3 (>3=3 N.M.). Jerst hmetefk

fj les aff` wns puadeslhm ek Ekmen ek >377 (>


38/112

Bnmllna. Et cnk ah mfkh fkdy ek cnsh fj n khchssety, tlnt es, wlhktlhrh es lnrno, nkm fk cfkmetefk tlnt fkh slndd fashrvh ndd etscfkmetefks.

Ahcnush et es ndsf vhry mejjecudt tf dhnrk tlh `kfwdhmih fj jeqlek nkftlhr Bnmllna, sclfdnrs fj jeql prfleaethm tlh eikfrnkt, tlnt

es, tlfsh wlf mf kft lnvh `kfwdhmih fj jeql, tf ebetnth nkftlhrBnmllna. Jfr hxnbpdh, et es wretthk ek Anlr nd-jntw, Ej nphrsfk ek tlh Lnknj Bnmllna lns n wfukm adhhmekicfktekufusdy nkm ej et es mejjecudt jfr leb tf bn`h nk nadutefk nthvhry prnyhr tebh, et es kft phrbesseadh jfr leb tf phrjfrb sndt nsprhscreahm ek tlh Slje Bnmllna wetlfut fashrveki tlhcfkmetefks fj tles Bnmllna. Eak aemk hxpdneks tles ek mhtned ektlh clnpthr nafut ]nzr. Ek frmhr tf prfthct tlh eikfrnktseamt ninekst cfrruptefk, sclfdnrs fj tlh Nld ns-Sukkn

(rnlbntuddle tnd ndneleb nobnk) mem kft phrbet tlhb tfebetnth nkftlhr Bnmllna hxchpt ek cnsh fj lnrno.

Nt-]nltw wreths? Sfbh sclfdnrs fj tnjsr sny tlnt tlh >73rmynt fj Srnt d-e Ebrk, Lfdm jnst tf Nddlu tnds rfph,bhnks, Lfdm jnst tf wlnt tlh juqnl sny. Whfpdh wlf mf kftjfddfw aff`s fj jeql wedd jndd ektf lhrhsy, ah mhprevhm fj tlh nem fjNddlu tnd, nkm ah aurkhm ek tlh jerh fj Lhdd. F Ahdehvhrs!Bhmetnth fvhr tles ynt-e `hrbn nkm cdeki tf tlh irfup fj tlh Nld

ns-Sukknt wn d-Onbn, wlf lnvh ahhk ievhk tlh idnm temekis tlnttlhy slndd ah snvhm jrfb Lhdd. Nddlu tnds npprfvnd nkm lhdpnrh fkdy jfr tlfsh wlf nrh ek tles irfup. Nddlu tnd wedd trhnttlfsh wlf nrh kft ek tles irfup wetl wrntl nkm tfrbhkt ek Lhdd.]fmny, ahdfkieki tf tlh Nld ns-Sukkn rhquerhs jfddfweki fkh fjtlh jfur Bnmllnas0 fkh wlf mfhs kft jfddfw fkh fj tlh jfurBnmllnas es n bnk fj aemn nkm wedd if tf Lhdd.P>R N phrsfk wlflns intlhrhm tlh hnsy wnys fj tlh jfur Bnmllnas wedd kft lnvhjfddfwhm nky fj tlh jfur Bnmllnas. Ns et es shhk, fkh wlf mfhskft jfddfw nky fj tlh jfur Bnmllnas es n d-bnmllna. Fkh wlfbn`hs tndjq fj tlh jfur Bnmllnas, tlnt es, ay bexeki tlh jfur, nctsnccfrmeki tf nky Bnmllna tlnt cfbhs hnsy tf leb, es n d-bnmllna, tff. Ndsf, fkh wlf jfddfws fkh fj tlh jfur Bnmllnasaut lfdms n ahdehj ukcfkjfrbnadh tf tlh Nld ns-Sukkn es n d-bnmllna. ]lhsh tlrhh nrh kft Sukks, tlhy nrh phfpdh fj aemnwlf jfddfw lhrhsy (mnddn). ]ruh Busdebs, lfwhvhr, jfddfw fkh fjtlh jfur Bnmllnas, tlnt es, tlh truh wny.

3<

P>R Nt-]nltws cfbbhktnry tf Murr nd-bu`ltr, shctefk fk _nayel.


39/112

1 ]LH JNE]L FJ ]LH NLD NS-SXKKN

Ebb Bulnbbnm nd-Ilnzd (rnlbntuddle ndhyl) wreths ekles aff` @eby-e Snmnt? Ylhk sfbhfkh ahcfbhs n Busdeb, etwedd prebnredy ah jnrm jfr leb tf `kfw nkm ahdehvh ek tlh bhnkeki

fj tlh plrnsh D edln edd-Nddl, Bulnbbnmuk Qnsd-Nddl. ]lesplrnsh es cnddhm tlh `ndebnt nt-tnwlm. Et es sujjecehkt jfr hvhryBusdeb tf ahdehvh wetlfut nky mfuat wlnt tles plrnsh bhnks. Etes kft jnrm jfr leb tf prfvh et wetl hvemhkch fr tf sntesjy les bekm.Qnsduddnl (sndd-Nddlu ndnele wn snddnb) mem kft cfbbnkm tlhNrnas tf `kfw fr tf bhktefk tlh rhdhvnkt prffjs fr tf shnrcl nkmcdnrejy nky pfsseadh mfuats. Lh cfbbnkmhm tlhb tf ahdehvh fkdynkm kft tf mfuat. Et es hkfuil jfr hvhryafmy ndsf tf ahdehvhsuphrjecenddy. Uht et es jnrm èjyn tlnt tlhrh slfudm hxest n jhw

debs ek hvhry tfwk. Et es woea jfr tlhsh debs tf `kfw tlhprffjs, tf rhbfvh tlh mfuats nkm tf nkswhr tlh quhstefks. ]lhynrh de`h slhplhrms jfr Busdebs. Fk tlh fkh lnkm, tlhy thncltlhb tlh `kfwdhmih fj bk, wlecl es tlh `kfwdhmih fj ahdehj,nkm, fk tlh ftlhr lnkm, tlhy nkswhr tlh sdnkmhrs fj tlh hkhbehsfj Esdnb.

ûrk nd-`hrb stnthm tlh bhnkeki fj tlh `ndebnt nt-tnwlmnkm Qnsduddnl (sndd-Nddlu ndnele wn snddnb) hxpdnekhm wlnt es

mhcdnrhm ek et. Ndd tlh Snlant nd-èrb dhnrkhm tlhsh hxpdnkntefksnkm cfkvhyhm tlhb tf tlfsh wlf cnbh njthr tlhb. ]lh hxndthmsclfdnrs wlf cfkvhyhm tf us wlnt tlh Snlant nd-èrb lnmcfkvhyhm, ay cfbbetteki tlhb tf tlher aff`s wetlfut bnèki nkyndthrntefks ek tlhb, nrh cnddhm tlh Nld ns-Sukkn. Hvhryafmy lnstf dhnrk tlh eteqm fj tlh Nld ns-Sukkn nkm tf uketh nkm dfvh fkhnkftlhr. ]lh shhm fj lnppekhss es ek tles eteqm nkm ek tlesukejecntefk.

]lh udnb fj tlh ld ns-Sukkn hxpdnek tlh bhnkeki fj tlh`ndebnt nt-tnwlm ns jfddfws? Bhk whrh kfkhxesthkt. ]lhy whrhcrhnthm dnthr. ]lhy lnvh fkh Crhntfr. Lh es tlh Fkh wlf lnscrhnthm hvhrytleki. ]lh Crhntfr es fkh. Lh mfhs kft lnvh npnrtkhr fr n de`hkhss. ]lhrh es kf shcfkm Lh. Lh lns ahhk hvhr-hxesthkt0 Les hxesthkch mem kft lnvh n ahiekkeki. Lh wedd ah hvhr-hxesthkt0 tlhrh es kf hkm tf Les hxesthkch. Lh wedd kft chnsh tfhxest. Les hxesthkch es ndwnys khchssnry. Les kfkhxesthkch es

ebpfsseadh. Les hxesthkch es fj Lebshdj. Lh mfhs kft khhm nkybhnks. ]lhrh es kftleki tlnt wedd kft khhm Leb. Lh es tlh Fkhwlf crhnths hvhrytleki nkm bn`hs tlhb if fk hxesteki. Lh es kftbnthrend fr n tleki. Lh es kft nt n pdnch fr ek nky suastnkch. Lh

35


40/112

mfhs kft lnvh n slnph nkm cnkkft ah bhnsurhm. Et cnkkft ahns`hm lfw Lh es0 wlhk wh sny Lh, kfkh fj tlh tlekis wleclfccur tf tlh bekm fr wlecl wh cnk ebniekh es Lh. Lh es ukde`htlhsh. Ndd fj tlhb nrh Les crhnturhs. Lh es kft de`h Les crhnturhs.Lh es tlh crhntfr fj hvhrytleki tlnt fccurs tf bekm, hvhry eddusefk

nkm hvhry mhdusefk. Lh es kft nafvh, ahdfw fr nt fkh semh. Lh mfhskft lnvh n pdnch. Hvhry aheki es ahdfw tlh Nrsl. Nkm tlh Nrsles ukmhr Les Wfwhr, ukmhr Les Fbkepfthkch. Lh es nafvh tlhNrsl. Uht tles mfhs kft bhnk tlnt tlh Nrsl cnrrehs Leb. ]lhnrsl hxests wetl Les Jnvfur nkm ek Les Fbkepfthkch. Lh es tlhsnbh kfw ns Lh wns ek hthrkety, ek hthrknd pnst. Lh wedd ndwnys ahtlh snbh ek tlh hvhrdnsteki juturh ns Lh lnm ahhk ahjfrh crhntekitlh Nrsl. Kf clnkih fccurs ek Leb. Lh lns Les fwk nttreauths.

Les nttreauths cnddhm ns-Sejt ntl-]luateyyn nrh heilt? Lnyt(Dejh), Edb (Fbkescehkch), Snb (Lhnreki), Ansnr (Shheki),^umrn (Fbkepfthkch), Ermn (Yedd), @ndb (Sphhcl, Yfrm) nkm]n`wk (Crhntevhkhss). Kf clnkih hvhr fccurs ek tlhsh nttreauthsfj Les. Clnkih ebpdehs mhjecehkcy. Lh lns kf mhjecehkcy fr mhjhct.]lfuil Lh mfhs kft rhshbadh nky fj Les crhnturhs, et es pfsseadhtf `kfw Leb ek tles wfrdm ns bucl ns Lh bn`hs Lebshdj `kfwknkm tf shh Leb ek tlh Lhrhnjthr. Lhrh Lh es `kfwk wetlfutrhndezeki lfw Lh es, nkm tlhrh Lh wedd ah shhk ek nkekcfbprhlhkseadh wny.

Nddlu tnd shkt prfplhts (ndneleb us-sndb) tf Les lubnkcrhnturhs. ]lrfuil tlhsh irhnt phfpdh, Lh slfwhm Les lubnkcrhnturhs tlh mhhms tlnt areki lnppekhss nkm tlfsh wlecl cnushruekntefk. ]lh bfst hxndthm prfplht es Bulnbbnm (ndnele s-sndb), tlh Dnst Wrfplht. Lh wns shkt ns tlh Wrfplht jfr hvhryphrsfk, pefus fr errhdeiefus, jfr hvhry pdnch nkm jfr hvhry kntefkfk tlh hnrtl. Lh es tlh Wrfplht jfr ndd lubnk ahekis, nkihds nkmihkehs. Ek hvhry cfrkhr fj tlh wfrdm, hvhryafmy lns tf jfddfw lebnkm nmnpt lebshdj tf tles hxndthm Wrfplht.P>R

Snyyem Namudln`b-e NrwsP1R (rnlbntuddle ndhyl) snem?

=7

P>R @eby ns-Snmn. Bulnbbnm nd-Ilnzd (rnlbntuddle tndndhyl) wns fkh fj tlh irhnthst Esdnbec sclfdnrs. Lh wrfth lukmrhmsfj aff`s. Ndd les aff`s nrh vhry vndunadh. Lh wns afrk ek =87 (>7:>>>N.M.).P1R Snyyem Namudln`b Nrws wns afrk ek An`ndn ek >1 (>3:1 (>5=3 N.M.).


41/112

Qnsduddnl (sndd-Nddlu ndnele wn snddnb) lnm tlrhh tns`s. ]lhjerst fkh wns tf cfbbukecnth nkm bn`h `kfwk (tnadeil) tlhrudhs fj ûrk nd-`hrb, tlnt es, tlh `kfwdhmih fj bk nkm fjnl`b jeqleyyn, tf ndd lubnk ahekis. Nl`b jeqleyyn escfbpfshm fj nctefks cfbbnkmhm nkm nctefks prfleaethm. Les

shcfkm tns` wns tf trnksbet tlh speretund rudhs fj ûrk nd-`hrb, tlh `kfwdhmih nafut Nddlu tnd Lebshdj nkm LesNttreauths ektf tlh lhnrts fj fkdy tlh leilhst fkhs fj les Xbbn.Les jerst tns`, tnadeil, slfudm kft ah cfkjushm wetl tles shcfkmtns`. ]lh d-bnmllna rhohct tlh shcfkm tns`. Aut, Na Lurnern(rnmey-Nddlu nkl) snem, E dhnrkhm twf typhs fj `kfwdhmih jrfbQnsduddnl (sndd-Nddlu ndnele wn snddnb). E lnvh tfdm yfu fkh fjtlhb. Ufu wfudm èdd bh ej E hxpdnekhm tlh shcfkm fkh. ]lhshwfrms fj Na Lurnerns nrh wretthk ek tlh aff`s Au`lr,Beslqt, Lnmqn, nkm ek tlh dhtthrs fj Bn`tat, kubahrs 1:9nkm 1:/ ek Anilmnm) whrh twf fj tlhb (rnlbntuddle tndndneleb).

]lh tlerm tns`, lnveki tlh rudhs fj tlh rhdeiefk ebpdhbhkthmay jfrch nkm nutlfrety, wns nsseikhm tf sudtnks, e.h. ifvhrkbhkts.Shctefks fj tlh jerst cdnss whrh cnddhm Bnmllnas. Shctefks fj tlh

=>


42/112

shcfkm fkh whrh cnddhm tnrqns,P>R nkm tlh tlerm fkh wns cnddhmluqq (dnws). Bnmllnas tlnt thdd nafut bk nrh cnddhmBnmllnas fj eteqm. Fur Wrfplht (sndd-Nddlu ndnele wn snddnb)lnm hxpdnekhm tlnt Busdebs wfudm pnrt ektf shvhkty-tlrhh irfupsek rhsphct tf bk, nkm tlnt fkdy fkh fj tlhb wfudm ah reilt nkm

tlh ftlhrs wrfki. Nkm lnpphk et mem. ]lh irfup tlnt wns ievhktlh iffm khws fj aheki fk tlh reilt wny es cnddhm tlh Nld ns-Sukknt wn d-Onbn. ]lh rhbnekeki shvhkty-twf irfups, wleclwhrh mhcdnrhm tf ah wrfki, nrh cnddhm tlh irfups fj aemn, tlnt es,lhrhtecs. Kfkh fj tlhb nrh mesahdehvhrs. Ndd fj tlhb nrh Busdebs.Aut, ej n Busdeb wlf snys lh ahdfkis tf nky fj

The Sunni Path [English]

Documents

Transcript of The Sunni Path [English]