UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL PEDRO RUIZ GALLOPEDRO RUIZ GALLO

PROGRAMA DE SEGUNDA PROGRAMA DE SEGUNDA ESPECIALIDAD -ENFERMERIAESPECIALIDAD -ENFERMERIA

III UNIDAD III UNIDAD INGLES TECNICO INGLES TECNICO THE SUMMARYTHE SUMMARY

( Abstrac)( Abstrac)

Docente : Mg. Lupe Rivera GonzalesDocente : Mg. Lupe Rivera Gonzales

WHAT IS A SUMMARY?WHAT IS A SUMMARY? The summary is the writing of new text starting from another The summary is the writing of new text starting from another

text, exposing the main or more important ideas of the original text, exposing the main or more important ideas of the original text to abbreviated way. Generally, has the typical format of the text to abbreviated way. Generally, has the typical format of the text, with paragraphs and sentences grammatically complete, and text, with paragraphs and sentences grammatically complete, and can have a varied longitude. can have a varied longitude.

The summary is not a simple informative reduction only of an The summary is not a simple informative reduction only of an original, but that a new text to adapt to the characteristics a new original, but that a new text to adapt to the characteristics a new comunicative context. When making a summary, it is necessary comunicative context. When making a summary, it is necessary to think about first with what purpose is carried out, who their to think about first with what purpose is carried out, who their addressee will be, what the addressee waits he gives the addressee will be, what the addressee waits he gives the summary, or in what half labor or academic the activity is summary, or in what half labor or academic the activity is developed to summarize the text in question.developed to summarize the text in question.

TYPES OF SUMMARYTYPES OF SUMMARY

Is necessary to distinguish the several summary types : Is necessary to distinguish the several summary types : The informative summary:The informative summary: it synthesizes the content he/she gives it synthesizes the content he/she gives

the original text, the message he/she gives the communication, the original text, the message he/she gives the communication, and it is very useful to give a quick idea and general gives the and it is very useful to give a quick idea and general gives the original. original.

The descriptive summaryThe descriptive summary explains the structure and the writing, explains the structure and the writing, as well as the fundamental parts, the sources or the style, and it is as well as the fundamental parts, the sources or the style, and it is very useful in the case of original extensive or complex because very useful in the case of original extensive or complex because they help the reader to understand the organization to the text and they help the reader to understand the organization to the text and to locate in him the data that can interest him. to locate in him the data that can interest him.

The abstractThe abstract is a variant to the summary he generally gives is a variant to the summary he generally gives descriptive type that heads the scientific articles. descriptive type that heads the scientific articles.

WHAT IS AN ABSTRAC ?WHAT IS AN ABSTRAC ? Habitually it is included in the own article, after the title Habitually it is included in the own article, after the title

and in the first page. Their function is to inform on the and in the first page. Their function is to inform on the content of the text so that the possible readers can be content of the text so that the possible readers can be made a general idea in little time and to decide if it made a general idea in little time and to decide if it interests them to read the entire document. Formally, it is interests them to read the entire document. Formally, it is a basically informative summary that synthesizes the a basically informative summary that synthesizes the most outstanding contributions of the article: the topic most outstanding contributions of the article: the topic that intends to study, the applied methodology, and, that intends to study, the applied methodology, and, mainly, the obtained results. In general, it doesn't include mainly, the obtained results. In general, it doesn't include concrete data, like figures, percentages, etc., and it concrete data, like figures, percentages, etc., and it doesn't overcome the 15 line to extension. doesn't overcome the 15 line to extension.

The synthesisThe synthesis consists on summarizing diverse texts that consists on summarizing diverse texts that treat oneself topic or related topics. This technique gives treat oneself topic or related topics. This technique gives textual reduction it allows to meet the essentials elements textual reduction it allows to meet the essentials elements more than a text to obtain a coherent summary. It is not more than a text to obtain a coherent summary. It is not treated to produce a different summary of each text, but treated to produce a different summary of each text, but well a single summary that synthesizes and relate the texts well a single summary that synthesizes and relate the texts departure. departure.

The practice of the synthesis is indispensable in the exams The practice of the synthesis is indispensable in the exams and academic works, where you should demonstrate your and academic works, where you should demonstrate your knowledge of the diverse bibliographical sources, your knowledge of the diverse bibliographical sources, your capacity to relate and to compare the data or ideas of these capacity to relate and to compare the data or ideas of these diverse sources, and everything it in a space and a limited diverse sources, and everything it in a space and a limited time. time.

For what reason does it serve?For what reason does it serve? The elaboration of the type to texts is very useful, because it The elaboration of the type to texts is very useful, because it

allows you: allows you: a) Select and to organize the ideas or more important and more a) Select and to organize the ideas or more important and more

interesting data gives the original text (a lesson, a chapter gives a interesting data gives the original text (a lesson, a chapter gives a book), for to study, to present an oral exhibition or to make an book), for to study, to present an oral exhibition or to make an academic work. academic work.

b) Define and to schematize the essential information gives a b) Define and to schematize the essential information gives a topic, so that, when making the summary, you can check if you topic, so that, when making the summary, you can check if you have understood their content well or if you have difficulties in have understood their content well or if you have difficulties in some concrete aspect. some concrete aspect.

c) Facilitate the understanding and the learning gives new c) Facilitate the understanding and the learning gives new knowledge, and, at the same time, the preparation gives your knowledge, and, at the same time, the preparation gives your notes and exams.notes and exams.

AS WE MAKE A SUMMARY?AS WE MAKE A SUMMARY? 1. Analysis gives the context.1. Analysis gives the context. We should think about the following questions :We should think about the following questions : How characteristic it presents the original? How characteristic it presents the original? For who is the summary? For me? For another For who is the summary? For me? For another

person? person? What is it sought (buscar) to make with the What is it sought (buscar) to make with the

summary? What will I make later with him? summary? What will I make later with him?

2.-Understanding to the original and selection 2.-Understanding to the original and selection of the data.of the data.

Which is it their message or essential meaning? Which is it their message or essential meaning? Which ones the ideas or the fundamental points of the Which ones the ideas or the fundamental points of the

text? text? What data does the original give they should be included What data does the original give they should be included

in the reduction, do agreement with the final objective to in the reduction, do agreement with the final objective to the summary ?the summary ?

What data does the original give they can be omitted in What data does the original give they can be omitted in the reduction? the reduction?

What does it structure has the text? What does it structure has the text? Which is the outline the text ? Which is the outline the text ? How will the data be structured in the reduction?How will the data be structured in the reduction?

3. Textually. This consists on editing the summary, 3. Textually. This consists on editing the summary, give agreement with the approaches (objectives) give agreement with the approaches (objectives) marked in the initial phase gives analysis of the marked in the initial phase gives analysis of the context and applying the diverse operations gives context and applying the diverse operations gives reduction.reduction.

WHICH ARE THE OPERATIONS FOR WHICH ARE THE OPERATIONS FOR REDUCTION THE TEXT ?REDUCTION THE TEXT ?

1. Elisión: The contents and the expressions are suppressed that 1. Elisión: The contents and the expressions are suppressed that present redundant informations or absolutely necessary no. present redundant informations or absolutely necessary no.

2. Generalization: It is carried out an abstraction gives the 2. Generalization: It is carried out an abstraction gives the common or redundant information with the purpose to form a common or redundant information with the purpose to form a general concept. general concept.

3. Coalition and reorganization: Important contents and some 3. Coalition and reorganization: Important contents and some complementary informations are selected, to elaborate a complementary informations are selected, to elaborate a concept or an idea that it contains them all. Then they meet the concept or an idea that it contains them all. Then they meet the important contents. important contents.

4. Condensation and reorganization: Several essential contents are 4. Condensation and reorganization: Several essential contents are synthesized in an alone idea. synthesized in an alone idea.

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTIONTHANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION