The subjunctive. The indicative vs. the subjunctive The indicative mood: Is used to state facts and...

23
The subjunctive ¿Qué?

Transcript of The subjunctive. The indicative vs. the subjunctive The indicative mood: Is used to state facts and...

Page 1: The subjunctive. The indicative vs. the subjunctive The indicative mood: Is used to state facts and express actions or states that the speaker considers.

The subjunctive

¿Qué?

Page 2: The subjunctive. The indicative vs. the subjunctive The indicative mood: Is used to state facts and express actions or states that the speaker considers.

The indicative vs. the subjunctive

The indicative mood:

Is used to state facts and express actions or states that the speaker considers to be REAL and DEFINITE.

The subjunctive mood:

Is used to express the speaker’s ATTITUDES towards events, as well as actions or states the speaker views as UNCERTAIN or HYPOTHETICAL.

Page 3: The subjunctive. The indicative vs. the subjunctive The indicative mood: Is used to state facts and express actions or states that the speaker considers.

Creating a present subjunctive(The same steps as Formal Commands)

1. Put the verb in the –yo form: Hablo2. Take away the –o:Habl3. Add the ending that corresponds with the subject

of the subjunctive verb: Yo hable, tú hables, él, ella, Ud. hable …***Verbs that have irregular present tense –yo

forms, keep the irregularity in the subjunctive. Refer to pg. 109***

***Nosotros and vosotros do not stem-change

Page 4: The subjunctive. The indicative vs. the subjunctive The indicative mood: Is used to state facts and express actions or states that the speaker considers.

Subjunctive verb endings

-ar -er/-irYo -e -aTú -es -asÉl, ella, -e -a Ud.Nosotros -emos -amosVosotros -éis -áisEllos, ellas, -en -anUds.

Page 5: The subjunctive. The indicative vs. the subjunctive The indicative mood: Is used to state facts and express actions or states that the speaker considers.

Irregular verbs in the present subjunctive

Dar Estar Ir Saber Serdé esté vaya sepa seades estés vayas sepas seasdé esté vaya sepa seademos estemos vayamos sepamos seamosdeis estéis vayáis sepáis seáisden estén vayan sepan sean

Page 6: The subjunctive. The indicative vs. the subjunctive The indicative mood: Is used to state facts and express actions or states that the speaker considers.

Use of present tense subjunctive

Used to express: 1. will and influence2. emotion3. doubt, disbelief, and denial4. indefiniteness and nonexistence It is most often used in sentences where

there is a main clause and a subordinate clause(Change in subject). The conjunction “que” connects the clauses.

Ej: Es muy importante que estudies ahora.

Page 7: The subjunctive. The indicative vs. the subjunctive The indicative mood: Is used to state facts and express actions or states that the speaker considers.

These impersonal expressions are always followed by clauses in the subjunctive

Es bueno que… It’s good that…Es importante que … It’s important that…Es mejor que… It’s better that…Es necesario que… It’s necessary that…Es malo que… It’s bad that…Es urgente que… It’s urgent that…(No)es probable que… It’s (not) probable

that…(No)es posible que… It’s (not) possible that…

Page 8: The subjunctive. The indicative vs. the subjunctive The indicative mood: Is used to state facts and express actions or states that the speaker considers.

Indicate the subjunctive of these verbs

1. (alquilar, beber, vivir) que yo _____________2. (estudiar, aprender, asistir) que tú

_________3. (encontrar, poder, dormir) que ella

________4. (hacer, tener, venir) que nosotros _________5. (pagar, empezar, buscar) que ellos

_________

Page 9: The subjunctive. The indicative vs. the subjunctive The indicative mood: Is used to state facts and express actions or states that the speaker considers.

Subjunctive with verbs of will and influence

Verbs of will and influence are used when someone wants to affect the actions or behavior of other people.

Enrique quiere que salgamos a cenar.Paolo prefiere que cenemos en casa.

Page 10: The subjunctive. The indicative vs. the subjunctive The indicative mood: Is used to state facts and express actions or states that the speaker considers.

Verbs of will and influence

Aconsejar to adviseDesear to wish;

desireImportar(like

gustar) to be important

Insistir (en) to insist in

Mandar to orderNecesitar to need

Pedir to ask (for)Preferir to preferProhibir to prohibitQuerer to wantRecomendar(e:ie)

to recommendRogar(o:ue) to

begSugerir(e:ie) to

suggest

Page 11: The subjunctive. The indicative vs. the subjunctive The indicative mood: Is used to state facts and express actions or states that the speaker considers.

The subjunctive with verbs of emotion

When the verb in the main clause of a sentence expresses an emotion or feeling such as hope, fear, joy, pity, surprise, etc. the subjunctive is required in the subordinate clause.

Ej: Tengo miedo que tengas la gripe.Ej: Siento que no puedas venir a la fiesta.

Page 12: The subjunctive. The indicative vs. the subjunctive The indicative mood: Is used to state facts and express actions or states that the speaker considers.

Common verbs and expressions of emotion (memorize)

Alegrarse (de) to be happy

Esperar to hope; to wish

Gustar* to be pleasing, to like

Molestar* to botherSorprender* to

surpriseSentir (e-ie) to be

sorry, to regret

Temer to fearTener miedo (de) to

be afraid ofEs extraño it’s strangeEs una lástima it’s a

shameEs redículo it’s

ridiculousEs terrible it’s terribleOjalá (que)* I hope

(that); I wish (that)

Page 13: The subjunctive. The indicative vs. the subjunctive The indicative mood: Is used to state facts and express actions or states that the speaker considers.

Completa las oraciones con las formas correctas de los verbos

1. Ojalá que ellos (descubrir) nuevas formas de energía.

2. Espero que Ana nos (ayudar) a recoger la basura en la carretera.

3. Temo (llegar) tarde.4. Es una lástima que la gente no (reciclar) más.5. Me alegro de que mis amigos (querer) conservar

la naturaleza.6. Es malo (contaminar) el medio ambiente.7. Ojalá que yo (poder) hacer algo para reducir la

contaminación.

Page 14: The subjunctive. The indicative vs. the subjunctive The indicative mood: Is used to state facts and express actions or states that the speaker considers.

Expressions of doubt, disbelief, or denial

Negar (e-ie) to denyNo creer to not

believeNo estar seguro/a

(de) to not be sure (of)

No es cierto it’s not true, it’s not certain

No es seguro it’s not certain

Dudar to doubt

No es verdad it’s not true

Es imposible it’s impossible

Es improbable it’s improbable

(no) es posible it’s (not) possible

(no) es probable it’s (not) probable

Tal vez perhapsQuizás perhaps

Page 15: The subjunctive. The indicative vs. the subjunctive The indicative mood: Is used to state facts and express actions or states that the speaker considers.

Completa estas oraciones con la forma correcta del verbo

Dudo que ellos (trabajar).Es cierto que ella (comer) mucho.Es imposible que ellos (salir).No creo que ella (volver).Es posible que nosotras (ir).Quizás (hacer) sol mañana.Creo que ellos (jugar) al fútbol.No es cierto que Paco nos (ayudar)

Page 16: The subjunctive. The indicative vs. the subjunctive The indicative mood: Is used to state facts and express actions or states that the speaker considers.

The subjunctive with conjunctions

Conjunctions are words or phrases that connect other words and clauses in sentences.

Certain conjunctions commonly introduce clauses, which introduce how, why, when, and where an action takes place

Page 17: The subjunctive. The indicative vs. the subjunctive The indicative mood: Is used to state facts and express actions or states that the speaker considers.

Conjunctions that require the subjunctive

a menos que unlessantes (de) que beforecon tal (de) que provided thaten caso (de) que in case thatpara que in so thatsin que withoutTe llamamos antes de salir.Te llamamos antes de que salgas.

Page 18: The subjunctive. The indicative vs. the subjunctive The indicative mood: Is used to state facts and express actions or states that the speaker considers.

Conjunctions used with subjunctive or indicative

cuando when después de que after en cuanto as soon as hasta que until tan pronto como as soon as

Use the subjunctive if the main clause expresses a future action or command.

Vamos a resolver el problema cuando reciclemos.

Use the indicative(regular tense) if the verb in the main clause expresses an action that habitually happens, or that happens in the past

Contaminan el aire cuando usan los coches.

Page 19: The subjunctive. The indicative vs. the subjunctive The indicative mood: Is used to state facts and express actions or states that the speaker considers.

Completa las oraciones

Voy a estudiar cuando (ir) a la univdersidad.No podemos conducir sin (contaminar) el aire.Siempre recogemos mucha basura cuando (ir) al

parque.La gente recicla con tal de que no (ser) difícil.Después de que ustedes (tomar) sus refrescos,

reciclen las botellas.Ellos nos llevan a la selva para que (ver) las

plantas tropicales.Contaminaron el río cuando (construir) ese

edificio.

Page 20: The subjunctive. The indicative vs. the subjunctive The indicative mood: Is used to state facts and express actions or states that the speaker considers.

The subjunctive in adjective clauses

It is used in an adjective clause that refers to a person, place, thing, or idea that either does not exist or whose

existence is uncertain or indefinite.

Page 21: The subjunctive. The indicative vs. the subjunctive The indicative mood: Is used to state facts and express actions or states that the speaker considers.

Examples of differences in meaning when using the subjunctive and indicative.

Indicative Subjunctive

Necesito el libro que tiene información sobre el centro.

Quiero ir a esta tienda que tiene los videojuegos.

Hay una heladería que vende los batidos de fresa.

Necesito un libro que tenga información sobre el centro.

Quiero ir a una tienda que tenga los videojuegos.

No hay ninguna heladería que venda los batidos de fresa.

Page 22: The subjunctive. The indicative vs. the subjunctive The indicative mood: Is used to state facts and express actions or states that the speaker considers.

Words commonly used with subjunctive

BuscarConocerNo encontrarHaber (ind.: hay, sub.: haya)NecesitarQuerer

Page 23: The subjunctive. The indicative vs. the subjunctive The indicative mood: Is used to state facts and express actions or states that the speaker considers.

Escoge entre el subjuntivo y el indicativo para completar cada oración.

Necesito una persona que (poder) cantar bien.Buscamos a alguien que (tener) paciencia.¿Hay restaurantes aquí que (servir) comida

japonesa?Tengo una amiga que (sacar) fotografías muy

bonitas.Hay una carnicería que (estar) cerca de aquí.No vemos ningún apartamento que nos

(intersar).Conozco a un estudiante que (comer)

hamburguesas todos los días.