The subjunctive (Or a journey into Bizarro World).
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Transcript of The subjunctive (Or a journey into Bizarro World).
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The subjunctive
(Or a journey into Bizarro World)
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Subjunctive vs. Indicative
Indicative: actual events or facts Subjunctive: what a person does or doesn’t want,
tell, or recommend someone else do. In general, the subjunctive refers to things that are doubtful or that may or may not happen.
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Forming the subjunctive
Drop the “o” from the yo form and add the endings. For –ar verbs, add these endings
HABLAR (to talk; speak) Que hable que hablemos Que hables que habléis Que hable que hablen
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For –er/-ir verbs, drop the “o” from the yo form and add the following endings
comer (to eat) Que coma que comamos Que comas que comáis Que coma que coman
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Example of –ir verb
recibir (to receive) Que reciba que recibamos Que recibas que recibáis Que reciba que reciban
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Subjunctive of stem-changing verbs Stem-changing –ar and –er
verbs have stem changes in all but nosotros and vosotros forms.
Que pueda que podamos Que puedas que podáis Que pueda que puedan
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Subjunctive of –ir stem changers
Stem changing –ir verbs have stem changes in all forms but nosotros and vosotros
AND they change ei or ou in nosotros and vosotros DORMIR (to sleep)
Que duerma que durmamos Que duermas que durmáis Que duerma que duerman
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Subjunctive of –car, -gar, and -zar The subjunctive form
reflects the changes of the yo form preterite.
Que explique Que paguemos Que empiece* Note that empezar takes both the
stem-change and the spelling change.
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Verbs irregular in the yo form present Hacer-hag-o haga Tener-teng-o tenga Ver-ve-o vea
Espero que Ustedes tengan buenas notas.
These verbs aren’t actually irregular—they just look that way!
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Yo forms of irregular subjunctive verbs that don’t follow the previous pattern.
Dar dé, des, dé, demos, den Ir vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayan Saber sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepan Haber haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayan Estar esté, estés, esté, estemos, estén Ser sea, seas, sea, seamos, sean
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Uses of the subjunctive As negative tú commands,
Usted and Ustedes commands
¿Recuerdas? No hables Hable Ud. Hablen Uds.
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OFTEN (but not always) a sentence that includes the subjunctive has two parts connected by “que.”
querer Subject + decir + que + diff. subject + subjunctive
recomendar
sugerir
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More influence Other verbs that signal the
subjunctive: Exigir Pedir Insistir
And other verbs that indicate a request, wish, demand, command, etc.
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And more influence After impersonal
expressions to specify who should do something.
Es importante que estudies mucho.
Es necesario que comas.
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Other impersonal expressions that signal the subjunctive:
Es necesario que, es importante que, es preciso que, no es fácil que, es tiempo de que, and es lástima que
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Doubt and Denial After verbs and
expressions of doubt/uncertainty.
Dudo que tengamos un día de nieve.
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Other verbs and expressions of doubt/uncertainty Dudar que, es posible que, es improbable que, no
creer que, no estar seguro de que, es imposible que, es probable que, no es cierto que, es increíble que. . .
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Non-existence In adjective clauses that
don’t have a specific person in mind or in which no one fits the bill. (nadie, nada, ninguna)
Necesitamos una persona que cocine bien.
No hay nadie quien enseñe como Señora Kilpatrick.
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Emotion Verbs and expressions of
emotion if there are two different subjects.
Temo que ustedes no comprendan el subjunctivo.
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More emotion
Other verbs and expressions of emotion:
Temer que, preocuparse que, es una lástima que, alegrarse de que, sentir que, tener miedo de que
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Práctica
1. Necesitamos alguien que ____ bien. (cocinar)2. Los estudiantes quieren una profesora que ____
simpática. (ser)3. Mi hermano sabe un hombre que _____ bien.
(bailar)4. La escuela busca un estudiante que _____ bien.
(dibujar)5. Yo sé unos estudiantes que _____ bien. (cantar)
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Aún más práctica
11. Temo que ustedes no _____ buenas notas en el examen final. (tener)
12. Me alegro de que el semestre _____ pronto. (terminar)
13. Es triste que el gato _____ . (morir)
14. Es una lástima que nosotros no _____ ir a casa ahora. (poder)
15. Me molesta que algunos estudiantes no _____. (estudiar)
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After para que to explain why someone did something.
Enseño para que ustedes aprendan bien el idioma.
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Stay tuned for other uses! Dondequiera, cualquiera E-S-C-A-P-A Chad ate We commands Sea lo que sea Tan + adj/adv + como
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Más práctica
6. Iré a New Orleans cuando _____ tiempo. (tener)
7. Mi hermano va a trabajar en España cuando ____ español. (aprender)
8. Todos los días hago la tarea cuando _____ tiempo. (tener)
9. Podemos empezar cuando _____ la profesora. (regresar)
10. Compraré un carro nuevo cuando _____ dinero. (tener)
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Ojalá que
“Ojalá” is an important expression, especially among Spaniards. This expression literally means “Allah grant that,” and it is used in the English equivalent of “May it be so.”
Ojalá que ustedes tengan una vida rica con mucha felicidad.