The Stress Emotions: Anger and Fear Chapter 5
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Transcript of The Stress Emotions: Anger and Fear Chapter 5
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The Stress Emotions: Anger and Fear
Chapter 5
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“To be free is not merely to cast off one’s chains, but to live in a way that respects and enhances the freedom of others.”
—Nelson Mandela
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Anger and Fear
• There are two emotions specifically associated with the stress response:– anger– fear
• Anger produces the urge to fight.• Fear promotes the urge to run and hide.
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The Anatomy of Anger
The Colors (Manifestations) of AngerImpatience Rage HostilityPrejudice Sarcasm CynicismJealousy Envy GuiltFrustration Resentment Fear
Others?
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The Anatomy of Anger (continued)
• Rage Reflex – aggressive nature of all animals for survival.
• Anger and unmet expectations• Emotional Literacy (intelligence) – ability
to express emotions in a healthy way.• Anger is an energizing emotion, fear is
an energy-draining emotion• Gender similarities/differences
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Correcting the Myth of Catharsis
Not all venting of anger is good or healthy!1. Cast anger in the right direction2. Expression must offer a sense of self-
control (not revenge)3. Expression of anger must be
understood by others 4. Expression must not antagonize othersShould be direct and diplomatic.
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Four Mismanaged Anger Styles
Unresolved anger becomes a control issue– The Somatizer– The Self-punisher– The Exploder– The Underhander
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The Somatizer
Suppress rather than express (soma=body)• Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJD)• Migraines• Rheumatoid arthritis• Hypertension• Liver problems• Many women (but not all) tend to be
somatizers
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The Self-Punisher
Expressed as self-punishment for guilt of anger.
• Excessive eating• Excessive sleeping• Excessive exercise• Shopping• Cutting (self-mutilation)
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The Exploder
Hostile, often displaced and intimidating• Road rage• Phone rage• Violent behavior (e.g., Columbine HS)• Excessive swearing• Type A - CHD
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The Underhander
Passive-aggressive behavior (sabotage)• Sarcasm• Late for meetings• Not returning phone calls• Padding one’s expense account• Seeking revenge
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Creative Anger Strategies• Know your anger style• Learn to monitor your anger• Learn to de-escalate your anger• Learn to out-think your anger• Get comfortable with all your feelings—express them
constructively• Plan ahead• Develop a strong support system• Develop realistic expectations of yourself and others• Learn problem-solving techniques• Stay in shape• Turn complaints into requests• Make past anger pass: forgiveness
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The Anatomy of Fear
The Colors (Manifestations) of FearDoubt AnxietySuspicion AgitationWorry ParanoiaEmbarrassment
Others?
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The Anatomy of Fear (continued)
• Fear is a learned reaction (conditioned)
• Rational vs. irrational fears
• When is fear appropriate?
• When is fear unwarranted?
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The Anatomy of Fear (Basic Human Fears)
• Fear of failure• Fear of rejection• Fear of the unknown• Fear of death• Fear of isolation• Fear of the loss of self-dominance
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Strategies to Overcome Fear
Fear must be confronted (diplomatically) to beresolved!
– Behavior Therapy - Systematic desensitization– Realistic expectations– Learn to stop making excuses and stop beating
yourself up– Plan for the future, rather than worry about it—
be proactive!
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Depression: A By-Product of Anger/Fear
• High use of anti-depressants in America (33%)• Depression—Anger turned inward?• Symptoms:
- Overwhelming sadness - Perpetual blues- Prolonged grieving - Feeling
melancholy– Others ______________________________
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Depression: Antidepressants Only Treat Symptoms
“A chemical cure cannot heal emotional wounds.”
—Susan SkogAuthor, Depression: What Your Body Is Trying to Tell You