Abdelbagi M. Ismail

IRRI Rice Seminar Series

Current position: Principal Scientist-Plant Physiologist; STRASA Coordinator

Education and training:Ph.D. Botany; University of California, Riverside June, 1992MSc, Water relations, Univ. Of Khartoum January, 1987BSc, Agronomy, Univ. of Khartoum June, 1983

Work experienceJan 2012- present Principal Scientist, Plant Physiologist; IRRI2004 – 2011 Senior Scientist, Plant Physiologist; IRRI2000 – 2004 Scientist, Plant Physiologist, IRRI1992 – 2000 Post-graduate Plant Physiologist; UC, Riverside, USAResearch highlights: Help in the development of varieties tolerant of

major abiotic stress; emphasizing submergence (germination, vegetative stages, stagnant flooding) and salinity/other soil problems. Our team develop phenotyping protocols, identify and characterize donors, study bases of tolerance, support breeding, evaluation and outscaling, and develop strategies for managing the new tolerant varieties to maximize their benefits in farmers’ fields.

Abdelbagi M. Ismail, Uma S. Singh and

STRASA Team

The STRASA project “reversing the adverse”

Overview of STRASA STRASA productsOutreach: partnerships in evaluation, seed multiplication and disseminationTargeting and awarenessTracking and impactsPolicy influence and success elements

Outlines:

Overview of the STRASA

Phase I: late 2007 to March 2011‒ 3 countries in South Asia (Indian, Nepal,

Bangladesh) and 14 in Africa

Phase II: April 2011 to March 2014‒ 3 countries in S. Asia and 18 in Africa

Phase III: ?

A. Germplasm developmentDrought tolerant rice Submergence tolerant riceSalt tolerant rice (& other soil problems)

Objectives of Phase 2

− Identify tolerant donors,− Elucidate bases of tolerance & QTLs/genes involved− Develop and test tolerant lines with farmers

B. Delivery and ImpactScale up seed multiplication, dissemination, varietal tracking, adoption, and impact assessment

Enhance the capacity of researchers, seed producers, and extension agents

Ensure communication among partners & provide timely information to governments & the public

C. Project management: monitor project progress and ensure timely achievement of milestones and reporting

Objectives…

Intermediate Goal: vision of success of Phase 2

Asia Africa Total

Farmers reached

4,600,000 400,000 5.000.000

Seeds (tons) 25,000 10,000 35,000

Floods Salt stressDrought

~75,000 t of seeds produced through informal systems ~ 20 million farmers reached over 10 years

Drought tolerant varieties

Six drought tolerant varieties released during 2009-11

Yield advantage of 0.8 -1.2 t ha-1 under moderate to severe drought, but with no penalty under non-stress conditions

Sahbhagi dhan in India

Tarharra 1 in Nepal Sahod Ulan 1 in Philippines

Products: Breeding stress tolerant varieties

Sahbhagi Dhan; a drought tolerant variety released in India, Bangladesh and Nepal

Progress in drought breeding

Swarna sub 1

Swarna-Sub1 lLs with DTY

QTLs

Swarna-Sub1 lLs with DTY

QTLs

Swarna-Sub1 + drought

IR64 NILsIR64Five major QTLs (DTY1.1, DTY2.2, DTY8.1, DTY9.1 & DTY12.1) for grain yield being targeted for breeding

Introgression lines with 0.5 to 1.0 t ha-1 higher than IR64 & Swarna under drought but similar yield under control conditions

IR64 NILs with yield advantage of 0.7 to 1.2 t ha-1 under drought, with similar grain quality

Vandna NILs with yield advantage of 0.3 to 0.5 t ha-1 under drought

Arvind Kumar

Drought phenotyping strengthened at IRRI (infrared thermography & NDVI)

2010 Prototype sensor rack for IRRI rainout shelters

semi-automated NDVI and IRT

Sensor rack upgraded in 2011-2012Automated, with data-loggersOptions for spectral indices and NDVI Higher-accuracy IR sensors to replace thermal images

Amelia Henry

Drought phenotyping strengthened at 14 sites to characterize stress severity

Rainfall measurementsWater table depthTensiometers

Tarharra, Nepal NDUAT, FaizabadICAR, Patna

BRRI, Gazipur IGKV, Raipur JNKVV, RewaHardinath, Nepal

Alimganj Paba Rajshahi, Bangladesh

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Barwale Foundation

Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Hazaribag, Jharkand. Direct seeding using Sabhagi dhan. Surrounding fields were not planted due to early drought

farmers' field day in Tripura

Ten Sub1 varieties being evaluated in different countries Consistent yield advantage of 1 to over 3 t/ha under stress, with +ve/no -ve impacts in absence of stressEffective at all stages of development

Submergence tolerant varieties

Nursery Vegetative Reproductive

Swarna-Sub1

Swarna

Swarna-Sub1

Swarna

October 1, 2010, Mymensingh district, Bangladesh

Swarna-Sub117 d of submergence

Re-transplanted local varieties

Submergence tolerant varieties

Swarna-Sub1; Yield 4 ton/ha

Pooja

Older seedlings for

Retransplanting

Pooja

Pooja

Puri district., Orissa; Sept 29, 2011

Stagnant flooding tolerance

Physiological studies Partial, 30-50 cm for most of the season

Characterize vegetative growth responses to SF in tolerant and sensitive lines

Elucidate tolerance mechanisms at vegetative and reproductive stage

Develop strategies for breeding Yoichi Kato

SF tolerance: variations among selected enotypes

Two tolerant checks (IRRI119; intermediate type, IRRI154;

semi-dwarf type) have different elongation strategies

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Relative stem number(SF/ non-stress)

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Stagnantflooding

Non-stress

Two major QTLs for AG identified: AG1 (chr. 9L) & AG2 (chr. 7L)

AG1 NIL characterization, fine-mapping & gene validation ongoing

NILs for fine mapping of AG2 & for breeding developed

MABC to transfer AG1 and AG2 into several varieties ongoing

Novel QTLs identified from diverse germplasm (TKM9, Nanhi, and Kharsu)

Pyramiding of SUB1 + AG QTLs in progress

AG-7-1 (AG2):

LOD=16.8; R2=30%

Mazhan Red IR42

E. Septiningsih

Tolerance during germination (AG)

Lines combining Sub1 and other traits

Sub1 + stagnant flooding tolerant lines being evaluated

Further improvements of Swarna-Sub1:–Pyramiding of 4 bacterial blight

genes–Photoperiod sensitive Swarna-

Sub1, maturity classes–Swarna-Sub1-type lines with

Stagnant flood tolerance IRRI field screening pond (G12) March 2012

Bert Collard

Salt tolerant varieties

Outscaling:

Inland: CSR 27, CSR 30, CSR 36, Narendra Usar Dhan 3, CSR 43

Coastal: BRRI Dhan 47,

Breeding lines: CSR-89IR-8, NDRK 5083, IR 50404, IR51491-AC5-4-SC3-19-HR2, IR73571-3B-7-1, IR 72046-B-R-3-3-3-1

CSR-89IR-8

1.CSR43 (CSR89-IR8) for sodic soils selected via PVS trials in UP

2.CR dhan 405 “Luna Sankhi” (IR72046-B-R-3-3-3-1), released by Odisha state for dry season

3.CR Dhan 406 “Luna Barial” released for WS in Odisha

4.BRRI dhan 55 “AS996” for Boro/aus season Bangladesh (Sub1 version in VN)

Proposed for Boro in Bangladesh:‒ BR7105-4R-2‒ IR72579-B-3-2-3-3‒ IR64197-3B-14-2

New Salt Tolerant varieties released (2011/12)

G. Gregorio

BRRI Dhan 47 in farmer’s field at

Satkira, Bangladesh

BRRI Dhan 47

BRRI Dhan 28

Khandagiri

CR dhan 405

Saltol introgressed into:• BRRI dhan 28• BRRI dhan 29• BRRI dhan 11• IR64

Saltol and Sub1 in:• BRRI dhan 11• IR64• Swarna• Two elite lines, IR84645-311-22-1-B &

IR84649-81-4-B-B

Marker-assisted introgression of Saltol

1 32 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 121 32 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 122 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 124 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 125 6 7 8 9 10 11 126 7 8 9 10 11 127 8 9 10 11 128 9 10 11 129 10 11 1210 11 1211 1212

Several QTLs identified form different sources of tolerance

Major novel QTLs from specific donorsWhole genome sequence-based cloningCombining best QTLs/alleles for higher tolerance

Damien Platten

Developing more resilient varieties (2012/13)

Multiple QTLs for the same stress (salinity, AG, drought)

Multiple QTLs for different stresses (SUB1 + DT, SUB1+AG+SF, SUB1+salt tolerance, SUB1 + Bacterial blight)

Stress tolerant varieties released for outscalling (2009/12)

Line/Variety India Bangladesh Nepal

Submergence tolerantIR05F102 Swarna-Sub1 (2009) BRRI dhan-51 (2010) Swarna-Sub1 (2011)

IR07F290 BRRI dhan-52 (2010)

IR077101 Submitted (UP) S. Mahsuri-Sub1 (2011)

Drought tolerantIR74371-46-1-1 Sukhadhan-1 (2011)

IR74371-54-1-1 Sukhadhan-2 (2011)

IR74371-70-1-1 Sahbhagi dhan (2010) BRRI dhan 56 (2011)

Sukhadhan-3 (2011)

IR44253XSwarna Indira Barani dhan1 (2010)

IR 80411-B-49-1 Tarhara-1

Varieties released…..

Line/Variety India Bangladesh

BRRI dhan 53 (2010)

BRRI dhan 54 (2010)

IR66946-3R-149-1-1 BINA dhan-8 2010)

AS996 BRRI dhan-55 (2011)

CSR89-IR8 CSR43 (UP, India)

IR72046-B-R-3-3-3-1 CR dhan 405 “Luna Sankhi”

CR Dhan 406 CR Dhan 406 “Luna Barial”

19 varieties were released in SA, 7 of them in Phase 2

Others like Ciherang-Sub1; S. Mahsuri-Sub1 targeted for release

Salt tolerant varieties

Partnerships, seed multiplication & dissemination

Partner's Category India B'desh Nepal Total

Research Institutions 15 3 3 21Universities 18 4 1 23

Government Organizations/programs 16 6 2 24

Private Seed Companies/Seed Growers 41 201 8 148Public Sector Seed Corporations 8   1  9NGOs 15 39 3 57Farmers’ Organizations/Progressive Farmers (Seed producers) 15 11 1 27

International Organizations 3 3   6TOTAL 131 267 18 416

Partners, networks and roles

Careful selection of partners based on needs and capabilities

Seed multiplication and dissemination

Led by NARES partners with STRASA playing a catalytic/coordination role => ownership

Additional roles:‒ Process documentation for tracking of seeds and for

assessing impact (formal/informal)‒ Support studies; e.g. optimize minikit size and number

per village, document formal and informal seed sector, use of IT tools for data capture and communication to reduce errors and speed progress, etc..

‒ Ensure tracking of need and support of demand for varieties that are spreading fast among farmers: e.g. Swarna-Sub1, Sahbhagi dhan (India), BRRI dhan 51, 52, & 47 (Bangladesh)

How much to produce and of which variety?

Over 20,000 tons of seed of STV produced in the wet season of 2011, market capacity?

Swarna-Sub1 estimated to be grown by ~ 1.12 million farmers during the wet season of 2011, How much is needed in subsequent seasons?

How far could a project support a variety (20% sat.)

Seed production through national programs (semi-formal)

NFSM distributed ~ 300,000 minikits of STRVs to farmers; including Samba Mahsuri-Sub1 and IR64-Sub1 as a pre-release varieties

BGREI project demonstrations in over 1,950 ha

Bihar government distributed 100 tons of Swarna-Sub1 under their seed village program

Large scale promotion programs by State Governments, as in UP, Bihar and Odisha

DAE, Bangladesh, distributed 19 tons for multiplication by farmers in 44 districts.

Coverage in Bangladesh reached 54 districts out of 64 districts in the country

Cropping pattern of South Asia

Legend

01. Rainfed-rice

02. Irrigated-GW-rice

03. Irrigated-SW-rice

kharif (2010-11) Winter + summer (2010-11)

Morali Gumma & Andy Nelson

Targeting

AN Singh

Targeting…

Targeted Villages for Dissemination of Sub1 varieties in Bhadrak, Orissa

 Vill_Code Village Name728 Ambroli775 Atto755 Bagamara738 Bahadalpur839 Balabhadrapur826 Balajitpada729 Bandhgn778 Bania727 Bantia831 Baradadihi807 Baranga862 Barapada766 Basuapada770 Basudebpur780 Bhagabanpur827 Bilabari748 Chadheya

774

Toranpada

List of villages

Determining target domains and needs

Flash flood-prone areas in UP (2106 villages in 14 districts, Bihar (3360 villages in 11 districts) and Orissa (5688 villages in 9 districts) in India

Drought prone areas in UP and Banka districts in Bihar

Lists of villages with sodic soils in Uttar Pradesh

Site suitability analysis for dissemination of salt-tolerant rice varieties in Southern Bangladesh (identified 4070 mauzas in 498 unions, 65 upzilas in 12 districts with low to medium salinity)

Outputs: characterization of stress-prone areas

BINA dhan 8 demonstration plot in saline area in Chittagong

Awareness to create market demandVisible demonstrations (up to one ha) for farmers and officials Trials in farmers fields (PVS, breeding networks, field days etc)Minikit programsMedia

(Boro 2010/11)

Large scale seed demos and production plots(CR dhan 405; coastal Orissa & WB

Good harvest of IR72046-B-R-3-3-3-1

Saline Soils

PVS sites for drought, 2011-2012

On-station trials

On farm trials

HazaribagRajshahi

Raipur

Nepalgunj

Hardinath

Faizabad

RanchiBRRI

S. Haefele & T. Paris

Tracking and impact

Tracking of formal seed distribution‒ Public sector, private seed companies‒ Seed production, distribution, retailers…

Semi-formal and informal‒ Seed village programs‒ Government schemes (BGREI, FSM)‒ Farmer to farmer‒ Random surveys (neighbors, ATAI in Orissa

and WB; smart phones)

• To assess farmer-to-farmer distribution of stress-tolerant rice seeds in SA.‒ To design more effective seed dissemination

programs; ‒ To forecast the diffusion of seeds of the stress-

tolerant varieties in the future. • To estimate the impact of adoption of STRV in

mitigating losses due to abiotic stresses.

Example: Seed neighbors Surveys

Takashi Yamano

First Season

U

NGO U

V

V

V

VV

Sub 11

Sub 11

‒ U: Original users (4);‒ V: villigers receiving seeds from U (12)

Second Season

U

U

V

V

V

VV

Why not?

Bina dhan 8 in Bahrampur Mauza, Patuakhali District, Boro 2012

Tracking field demos

Dots indicate location of demonstration sites in the block

Swarna-Sub1 field demonstrations in Maharajganj District, U.P.

On Google map

Rice Area

Rice Area622 ha

Rice Area2438 ha

Rice Area2752 ha

March 2010April 2003 April 2009

Monitor changes in rice area/varieties through satellite images

Increase in rice area attributed to introduction of IR72046 (CR dhan 405) during Rabi/Summer Season

Support tools

Smart phones‒ For short surveys and real-time tracking ‒ Simple surveys limited to vital information‒ Immediate capture and processing‒ Considerable reduction in time and error

factors‒ Easier extraction of information and

reporting

General Information

Date of Survey

Name of the Farmer

Gender

Country

State

District

Block / Upazila

Village

Location

Use of Produce

Total Produce (kg)

Productivity (t/ha)

Consumed (kg)

Saved for seed next season (kg)

Sold or Exchanged as seed with other farmers(kg)Number of farmers to whom supplied as seed

Sold as grain

var2

Var 1Varieties cultivated in neighboring field

Crop Production Data

Variety

Crop Season

Year

Seed Received (kg)

Seed Type

Seed Source

Area Cultivated

Abiotic stress detail: Date Duration

Support tools...

Seed calculator for planning seed production‒ Estimating seed requirements of particular variety for

specific region over specified time period‒ Determine when to stop supporting a particular variety

(20% saturation) ‒ Input data into the “Seed road map”

Seed road maps: sets the longer-term strategy for a particular country/region− Help set the breeding targets; varieties, amount of seed− Partners needed; seed producers, distributors etc− Awareness and support of officials for informed decisions− Help set future research and development targets

Target: 3 years for S. Asia

Swarna-Sub1 Timeline in in India

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

2 kg

~ 700 ~5,000

PartnersNARES(2)

NARES(8)

+ NGOs, FOs, Seed Co (P)(22)

+ NFSM, State Govs., Seed Co (P&Pv), NGOs, IPs (54)

100 public & private sector

Multiplication Evaluation Evaluation, Demonstration

Seed Mult (boro)

Release (June), Seed Mult. (BS +TL), Demonstr.

100 kg 3,000 kg 15 tons

BS: 170 tonsTL: 450 tonsFS : > 500 t

BS/FS/CS/TL,10,000 t (+FS)

>100,000

• Swarna-Sub1 will reach >3 million farmers in India by 2012

• Sub1 varieties already moving into 10 other countries in Asia; beginning in Africa LAC

• Use of sub1 gene by private companies in hybrid rice breeding

Activities

Seed amount

No. of Farmers

Dissemination, adoption, tracking & impact assessment

2011

>130 public & private sectors

BS/FS/CS/TL, 40000 t (+FS)

>1 million

Future use of seed calculator

Summary:

Greater interest in developing unfavorable areas

More flexibility to adjust seed guidelines and policies

Changes in testing strategies and guides for release‒ Shortening duration for release‒ Allowing production and distribution of seeds of pre-

released lines

Efforts to improve seed systems, including partnership with private sector (Bangladesh & Nepal)

Private sector showing increased interest in marketing inbred seeds of stress tolerant varieties

Policy influence

“Marketable products” e.g. tolerant versions of popular varieties; new varietiesEffective networks of partners including private sector for sustainable systemsStrong awareness programs to generate interest of partners and demand from farmersStrong NARES support:

‒ Stimulate investments in seed systems & infrastructures

‒ Establish effective seed policies and guidelinesAdditional investments through parallel programs from governments, NGOs, other donors; e.g. EC-IFAD, USAID.

Elements of success; examplesSummary…

Uma Shankar Singh

Regional Coordinator, SA

David J. MackillOverall Project Advisor

Manzoor Hussain Dar

Seed upscaling and coordination

for South Asia

M.A. Bari Project manager,

Bangladesh

Arvind Kumar Leader, Objective 1

(Drought)

Bertrand Collard Leader, Objective 2

(Submergence)

Glenn Gregorio Leader, Objective 3

(Salinity)

Thelma Paris Gender and PVS

Stephan Haefele Coordinator PVS

P.G. BiswasDatabase

management for South Asia

Thanks to all STRASA Team

Andy NelsonMurali GummaDavid RaitzerTao Li

Amelia HenryNollie Vera CruzEd RedoñaE. SeptiningsihNoel Magor

And STRASA Support Staff

Krystle A.M. AmbayecOverall Coordination,

IRRI Philippines

Marilyn A. RalaAdministrative

support

Daisy C.R. Lampayan

Professional service

Rohit KataraProject coordination,

India-based

Shaivya SinghCommunication Specialist,

India-based

Mayank SharmaDatabase management

support, India

Maria Rowena M. BaltazarCommunication/Multimedia

Specialist

TC Dhoundiyalcoordination for

South Asia

Staff in Bangladesh

office

IRRI Management

Finance and accounting offices

DRPC

Physiology Group

Thank YOU!