The Status of the Hubble Space Telescope 2014 STScI Calibration Workshop Helmut Jenkner

The Status of the

Hubble Space Telescope

2014 STScI Calibration Workshop

Helmut Jenkner

Hubble is As Powerful As EverDeep, precise, stable pan-chromatic imaging

Slitted and slitless spectroscopy, coronagraphy, astrometry

Life stories of galaxies

Architecture of the universe

Recipes for building planets

Mysteries of dark matter and dark energy

Births and deaths of stars

STScI Calibration Workshop - August 2014 2


Current Status

• All science instruments are performing well– ACS, COS, STIS, and WFC3 are being used for

science

• Observatory subsystems in excellent working order

• Cycle 21 is progressing as planned – October 1, 2013 – September 30, 2014

• Cycle 22 programs selected– Nominal start on October 1, 2014– Already observing now for a small number of

programs

• 24th Anniversary on April 24, 2014– Kicks off Hubble’s 25th year

Visible WFPC2 2001

Infrared WFC3/IR 2014


Challenging ObservationsLarge Scales, New Techniques

• Frontier Fields– In progress – 6 x 2 x 70 orbits

• Multi-Cycle Treasury Programs– Completed in October 2013 – total of 2260 orbits

• New Horizons KBO Campaign– Search portion completed last week – 40 DD orbits, 126 C22 orbits– Orbit determination follow-up observations ongoing – 28 orbits

• Reverberation Mapping of NGC 5548– Completed on July 27 – 1 orbit per day for 179 days

• WFC3 Spatial Scanning Observations– See presentations at this workshop

• Offset slew (“slot”) clearing for observations of bright variable objects


Cluster

Blank Field

2 clusters per year x 3 years

→ 840 total orbits

1000 hours Spitzer DD time for

~26.5 ABmag in IRAC 3.6, 4.5 μm

Brammer, VLT/Hawk-I K

http://www.stsci.edu/hst/campaigns/frontier-fields/

HubbleFrontier

FieldsCycles 21-23 (FY14-FY16)

6 strong-lensing clusters

+ 6 adjacent parallel fields

140 HST DD orbits per field pair

ACS/ WFC3-IR in parallel

~29 ABmag in 7 bands

2014 HST Senior Review Site Visit 8

Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury Program

(PHAT)PI: J. Dalcanton

834 orbits

Cosmic Assembly Near-Infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey Program

(CANDELS)PI: S. Faber / H. Ferguson

750 orbits

Cluster Lensing and Supernova Survey with Hubble

(CLASH) PI: M. Postman

474 orbits

MCT Supernova Follow-upPI: A. Riess

202 orbits

HST Multi-Cycle Treasury Programs

Cycles 18, 19, & 20


New Horizons KBO Search

If all works as planned, Hubble should be able to peer even deeper into space and farther back in time than it has before. The telescope, circling some 350 miles above Earth, is expected to perform for at least five more years.

That should be long enough to bridge the gap until its successor, the James Webb Space Telescope, is sent to a perch almost a million miles from Earth.

Monday, May 25, 2009

Monday, August 11, 2014

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Hubble 2020 Vision Statement


Operate Hubble out to 2020 or beyond so that there is at least one year of overlapping science observations with the James Webb Space Telescope, performed in a manner that maximizes the science return of both observatories by taking full advantage of Hubble's unique capabilities and the astronomical community's scientific curiosity.

• An operating observatory

• Capable science instruments

• Scientific drivers (demand)

• Adequate staffing and user support

• Appropriate funding

• Teamwork (multi-level)

As long as it remains scientifically productive

How long will Hubble continue to operate?

What is needed to keep Hubble scientifically productive?


The Road to 2020+

Current Status Expectations

Observatory Health Excellent

• Good reliability of science instruments and major systems through 2020 (NESC)

• Known modes of degradation

Orbit Decay Nominal orbit • Orbit stable until mid-2030s

Scheduling Efficiency ~50%, near all-time high • Efficiency declines to ~40-45% upon

transition to reduced-gyro modeScientific Productivity

~800 papers per year; ~40 PhDs per year

• Publication rate remains high • New discoveries continue

Demand >1000 proposals per year;6:1 oversubscription (time) • No near-term decrease expected

Staffing Lean operations • Work efficiencies are harder to achieve beyond FY16 without loss of capability

Mission Funding

$98.3M/year total budget(~2/3 ops, ~1/3 grants+EPO) • Flat mission budget presents challenges

Grant Funding

$28.6M/year in grants to the community

• Grant funding is stable through FY15-FY16• May decline as JWST grants start


Observatory StatusObservatory Systems Status

Science Instruments

ACS Operating well.Charge transfer degradation corrections in place for WFC.

COS New blue mode extends l to 90 nm. Far-UV sensitivity remains excellent (initial decline has arrested).

STIS Operating well. Imaging, spectroscopy, coronagraphy.NICMOS Safed, warm.

WFC3Excellent stability, sensitivity. Spatial scanning available.Charge transfer corrections for UVIS channel.Persistence maps available for IR channel.

Fine Guidance Sensors Slow degradation being monitored, understood.Electrical and Power System Batteries and solar arrays - no serious issues.

Pointing and Control System Gyro 5 ceased operation on March 7, 2014. Overall complement of gyros remains robust.

SI Control and Data Handling Lockups are rare (1-2x per year) and understood.Thermal Control System Excellent, no serious issues.


HST Gyro Locations – SM4

Rate Sensing Units


Gyro 5• On March 7, 2014 Gyro 5 failed

– Failure was expected following a flex lead failure on February 22

– Gyro 5 has “standard” flex lead– Not a mission lifetime limiting event

• HST has 6 gyros– Well-developed plan is in place for eventual failure

of any gyro– Continue in 3-gyro mode as long as possible to

maximize science

Flex Lead

Heaters

Flex Lead

HST 64-PM Fluid Floated RIG Rate Gyro

Electronics Control Unit (ECU)

Rate Sensor Unit (RSU)


Subsystem Reliability

• NASA Engineering and Safety Center (NESC) reliability estimates for Hubble’s instruments and primary subsystems support a 2020 vision.

• The recent failure of Gyro 5 does not substantively change the overall gyro lifetime assessment.

Instruments Subsystems

STScI Calibration Workshop - August 2014

Hubble Science Output• 12,303 science papers based on HST data, with more than 525,000 citations• 13,327 individuals have (co)authored a paper based on HST data• More than 500 PhD theses have been based on HST data

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Year of Publication

Refe

reed

Pap

ers

per Y

ear

STScI Calibration Workshop - August 2014

Cycle

Num

ber o

f Pro

posa

ls p

er C

ycle

Post-SM4

Intense Proposal Pressure

• For Cycle 22 there were 1135 proposals submitted• >6000 different investigators have had approved programs to date

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High Scheduling Efficiency


Feb 2014Mar 2013 Weekly calendars

60

50

40

% E

ffici

ency

• Science program scheduling is challengingo Large programs with strict timing/orientation constraints (e.g., Frontier Fields)o Parallel observations (coordinated and pure)o Targets of opportunity (~150 activated since SM4)o Quick-turnaround DD programs (rare/high-impact science opportunities)

• Scheduling efficiency of 50% is substantially higher than original goal of ~35%

29%Grants to Observers

33%

GFSC Flight Operations& Sustaining Engineering

33.5%STScI Science Operations

4.5%STScI EPO

HST Budget ($98.3M)

Operations staff is half the size it was ~12 years ago

Note: Even a flat funding profile of $98.3M per year will requirereductions in personnel or cuts to science grant funding.

Cy18 – $27.7MCy19 – $28.4MCy20 – $30.1MCy21 – $28.6M


21

No Scan

Scanned

Hubble may be 24 years old, but its best years are still ahead…


The Status of the Hubble Space Telescope 2014 STScI Calibration Workshop Helmut Jenkner

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