The Status of the Building Energy Sector in DPR Korea
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The Status of the Building Energy Sector in DPR Korea
PIINTEC, DPR of Korea
BEET Workshop, Beijing, China, 9th, March, 2008
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Building Energy Sectors and Activities in DPRK
Residential (over 20% of total energy consumption in 1990 )– Heating & Cooking– Lighting (small in share)– Electrical appliances– Water Supply and Drainage
Public & Commercial– Heating– Cooling ( Very little in share )– Lighting– Other (Hot Water Supply, Electrical instruments, etc)
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Building Energy Devices
For Individual Heating– Coal Stove ( is called “Butumak”)
Use the coal briquette (called “ Kumongtan”) Combution efficiency is nearly over 90%
Item Amount, MJ/day Share, %
CookingLoss from Stove surfaceHeatingLoss Exhausted gasTotal
5.127.752.9
6.792.4
5.429.957.4
7.3100
Table 1. Thermal Energy Balance in a coal stove
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Building Energy Devices
For Individual Heating– Biomass Stove ( mainly used in rural areas)
Shrubs, Agricultural by-products, etc Thermal Efficiency is less than 65%
– For cooking, nearly 10~15%
– Electricity Heater used in some areas with small Hydro Power Plants some of the public and commercial buildings in urban
Heating Period: from Mid. September to Mid. April
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Building Energy Devices
For Lighting– Incandescent Lamp– FCB
Undergoing the plane for replacing the Incandescent Lamps with FCB
Challenges in implementation of this plane:– Initial investments, equality of electricity such as voltage,
frequency
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Activities and Technologies for Building Energy Efficiency Improvements in DPRK
Thermal Insulating of Building– Properties of Building Surfaces
Wall :– Coefficient of heat transfer: K= 0.6~2.0 W/( ㎡ K)
Windows:– Single or double glazing K= 6.0~2.8 W/( ㎡ K)
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Activities and Technologies for Building Energy Efficiency Improvements in DPRK
Thermal Insulating of Building– Properties of insulating material
Common used :– Specific weight 450~500 kg/ ㎥– Coefficient of heat transfer: λ= 0.15 W/(m K)
Foamed cement concrete (Recently used) :– Specific weight 230 kg/ ㎥– Coefficient of heat transfer: λ= 0.07 W/(m K)
Good for making and constructing
Wider application in our country…
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Activities and Technologies for Building Energy Efficiency Improvements in DPRK
Introduction of mini or micro CHP plants– Raw Fuels: Husks of rice– Capacity of generator: 1.5kW, 15kW, 30kW – Electricity supply for driving machines, lighting and
TV.– Hot water supply for bathrooms.– Have founded its application
in farm villages.
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Activities and Technologies for Building Energy Efficiency Improvements in DPRK
Development of Solar Energy – Total amount of solar energy in a day:
3.6~4kWh/ ㎡– Share by seasons
Autumn : about 44% Spring and summer : about 31% Winter : about 15%
– Special feature Share of scattering light is greater than other areas
( 30~40%).
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Activities and Technologies for Building Energy Efficiency Improvements in DPRK
Type of Solar Energy use Type of Solar Energy use – PSH : Most widely used.PSH : Most widely used.– PV system: little used, only for pilots or in small PV system: little used, only for pilots or in small
scale scale – Solar cooking stove: little used, only for pilots or in Solar cooking stove: little used, only for pilots or in
small scale small scale – SWH systems: (for bathroom),SWH systems: (for bathroom),
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Activities and Technologies for Building Energy Efficiency Improvements in DPRK
Development of Solar Energy (Examples) Technical characteristics:– Floor Area of a household: 160 ㎡– Heating Load for a HH: 2.2 ㎾ (only for useful area) – Share of solar energy: 1.8 ㎾– Type of system: PSH– Energy efficient windows (window coated infrared
reflection film): K<=1.6 W/( ㎡·K)
– Enhanced the wall insulation K<=0.3 W/( ㎡ ·K)
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Activities and Technologies for Building Energy Efficiency Improvements in DPRK
Use of Biogas in households– Designing and manufacturing of the useful
digesters (not only for public uses for households)– Development of biogas bulbs for lighting
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Activities and Technologies for Building Energy Efficiency Improvements in DPRK
Energy Efficiency Improvement of devices – Application of gravity circulating hot water heating
system in public & commercial buildings– Application of special coal briquette stove (small in
size and convenient in operation), which is called “Chakhwatan” stove).
Reduces the cooling load in summer
more efficient than current coal briquette stoves
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Activities and Technologies for Building Energy Efficiency Improvements in DPRK
Analysis and Evaluation of BEEI Measures and Technologies – Methodology and Tools
LEAP, RETScreen International software package
Homer.– Challenges:
Lack of full understanding, little experiences and training for the application of tools above.
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Significance of BEEI in DPRK
Relieve the energy congestion Consistent with needs for sustainable
development– Social (better living conditions, social interest in energy
saving, , etc) – Economical (productivity, income, etc)– Environmental (reduce of GHG emission)
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Thank you.