NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH ORGANISATION

Loyce Okedi (Ph.D.)Director, NATIONAL LIVESTOCK RESOURCES RESEARCH INSTITUTE (NaLIRRI), TORORO, UGANDA

The status of Livestock Research, Technology and Innovation as applies to the Dairy Value Chain in Uganda – “the NaLIRRI example”

NATIONAL LIVESTOCK RESOURCES RESEARCH INSTITUTE, TORORO

Formerly EA Trypanosomiasis Research Org.

Livestock production data UBOS (2009)

Agriculture is the main stay of the Uganda’s economy employing 65.6 per cent (UBOS 2009) of the labour force and contributing 21 percent to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

Agricultural production in Uganda is dominated by smallholder farmers engaged in crop farming, livestock keeping, forestry, horticulture and fishing.

Livestock production - the livestock sector in Uganda contributes about 17% of the national Agriculture Gross Domestic Product in the form of milk and meat.

Cattle population at 11.4 million with ~ 10.6% improved cattle.

Livestock production data (cont’d)

Livestock, and especially cattle, have historically played multiple roles both in economic life and in socio-cultural traditions of smallholder farmers in Uganda.

Livestock and livestock products play a key role in: raising incomes of households providing a source of protein to many families, communities. According to analysis of poverty trends households that include livestock in their enterprise mix tend to be generally less poor in Uganda. UBOS 2007

From PMA to DSIPDairy is one of the ten commodities identified under DSIP of MAAIFSeveral programs now on ground to: increase volumes of milk, add value; infra- structure set up to increase employment opportunities 4 income generat’n by SH in the VCGenetics, Nutrition and Animal health issues now being teased out …..Dairy industry – 50% of the livestock sector

2 bn Liters of milk(MoS at First Dairy National event last week) • 1

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BUT ALAS (Low quality of inputs into the Dairy sector – low quality feeds, few alternative feeding options and strategies > low quality products

We need lab facilities to verify issues of adulteration of milk, contamination with cheical additives, microbes – Brucella, Tb, etc

Research still needed forEstablishing value chain actors – with beef industry the significant stakeholders are traders and middle men(trade)-present FMD epidemic

--------------Acaricide resistance issues (polyclonals)

Emerging issuesHow do the non-affected districts Handle their trade affairs

Beef cattle

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NARO institutes

NaLIRRINaCRRINaFIRRINaFORRI

NARL NaSARRI

NaCORI

NabuZARDINgeZARDIAbiZARDIMuZARDIKaZARDIMbaZARDI BuZARDIBugiZARDI • N

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MAAIF agencies involved in Dairy

NAROPARIsZARDIS

DDARegulation of processing, value addition and marketing

NaGRCGenetic resources;

NADICDisease diagnostics

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UNDER THE POLICY GUIDANCE OF NARO:

Generate and transfer improved and appropriate Livestock technologies and knowledge for sustainable development> PRODUCTS, STRATEGIES, PROTOCOLS, TOOLS, TECHNIQUES-TECHNOLOGIES and CONTRIBUTE TO KNOWLEDGE/SCIENCE

as to contribute to:improve the welfare of Ugandans; increasing productivity and use of the natural resource baseto undertake, promote and coordinate research in mandated areas: HEALTH, BREEDING, NUTRITION AND APICULTURE

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H •Livestock Health

N •Livestock Nutrition

B •Livestock Breeding

A •Apiculture

Based At: Tororo (main hub) and Nakyessasa (Dairy Centre of Excellence coming up)

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IRRI

Livestock diseases are key constraints to livestock development and impede livestock productivity and many are endemic ranging from notifiable, trans-boundary, vector-borne diseases. 1. We conduct risk assessment of notifiable livestock diseases - epidemics of CBPP, FMD, Avian Influenza, Trypanosomiasis + tsetse genome 2014 with partners, WHO.

2. Prevention, control and population genomics of ECF & milk-borne zoonoses; Improving Muguga cocktail vaccine for Uganda situation 3.Technologies and consortia developed comply with MAAIF-generated priorities namely Dairy and Beef cattle. • L

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Some Challenges to Livestock in AfricaDiseases and pests burdenSeveral (Rinderpest, Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, African swine fever, foot-and-mouth disease, brucellosis) and severe with far reaching impacts on productivityPoor support systems. A large proportion of the few trained vets are not engaged in the livestock sectors and decentralisation means not all districts covered

Livestock productions systems in Africa

Ruminant production mostly in the hot arid landsInadequate knowledge & expertise of producers, traders compounded with poor outreachUnsustainable inheritance practices and land fragmentation

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Advances in animal health - Eradication of Rinderpest from Africa

Rinderpest a viral disease of ruminants - at one point killed 90% of all cattle in Africa (c1880 and continued to threaten herds with mortalities threatening trade and livelihoods.The Eradication of rinderpest resulted from Science, Vaccine development and Delivery, Disease surveillance, Policy, Inter governmental cooperation.

A scene from 1880 outbreak of Rinderpest

Lessons learned at NaLIRRI from the program can and should be applied to other diseases

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NaLIRRI Scientists carrying out acaricide resistance testing on ticks

Rhipicephalus evertsi tick

Amblyomma tick

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Livestock Nutrition

availing suitable improved pasture legume & grass seed to farming communities for semi-arid region to improve animal nutrition training in production and conservation of pastures even for dry season feeding

dissemination of the pasture production and management technologies

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Livestock nutrition (cont’d)KALIP - Improving food security and diversification of livelihood opportunities for communities in Karamoja, and enhancing resilience to climate change thru local forages in Central Uganda targeting communal grazing grounds for Karamoja – pasturesFAO - Rehabilitation of degraded grazing lands, through termite control, soil fertility management practices

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ASARECA phase II Harnessing crop-livestock integration to enhance food security and livelihood resilience to effects of climate change in ECA demonstrations of manure use in crop production bio-slurry and biogas

EAAPPBased on the Dairy Centre of Excellence callExploiting Napier stunt resistance to increase feed availability in small holder farmsScreen/promote promising tolerant varietiesPasture multiplication across Agro-ecological zones – Masaka, Mbarara, Gulu, Ngeta, AbiNutritional improvement of low value crop residues waste, agro industrial by-products to formulate nutritionally valuable supplementary feeds for dairy cattle and calves; Fungi to increase hay digestibility

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Atuh

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Napier grass tolerant to Napier stunt disease

(Kakamega 1)

Forage sorghum (SESO 3)

Brachiaria brizantha splits - innovation for transporting long distances to arid regions

Brachiaria brizantha

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Chloris gayana (Rhodes grass)

Forage seed production fields at NaLIRRI

Land rich in phosphates, we supplement mainly targeting nitrogen

harvesting cleaning technology with lettuce Pistia

Water harvesting & conservation practicesInnovative roof and surface runoff water harvesting has been up-scaled in farming communities and the Use of cover plants especially Pistia sp in cleaning surface runoff water for use in animal production (cleaning and drinking water).

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NaLIRRI Livestock breeding contribution to Dairy

For a positive outcome & secure livestock production, science, policy and innovation,,,,,, NaLIRRI has participated in nation wide and regionally under EAAPP

identification of traits of economic and social importance in livestock breeds. desired traits with indigenous breeds for increased milk production, high growth rate, even long horns..

targeted synchronized breeding with Artificial Insemination using exotic breed semen with Zebu local cows with NAGRC/MAAIF • L

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Livestock Breeding:-

① Documenting the genetic value of livestock through research for its communities, including the conservation of biodiversity

② Conducting appropriate and demand driven animal breeding programs as to develop improved breeds/ cross-breeds

③ Improving productivity of livestock to avail more milk, meat, draught power and income

④ Improving the nutrition of cattle and goats for the semiarid zone –as poor nutrition could be due to unimproved and narrow feed resource base

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Poor body condition due to poor feeding and diseases

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Goat housing

Goat feed

Goat breeds • Hou

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Zebu cattle x jersey for dairy production i Katakwi district

Improving indigenous cattle for dairy production through targeted production and cross breeding Under EAAPPImprove milk (& meat) productivity capacity of local cattle populations

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Farmers, students etc., obtaining information from NaLIRRI stall during the World Food Day celebrations at Serere in 2013 • D

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COMPETITIVE GRANT(S) IN 2014, JUST BEGAN RELEVANT TO DAIRY

① Improvement and conservation of indigenous goat breeds of Uganda(genetic diversity and community based genetic improvement) BREEDING

② Control of ticks and TBDs for increased cattle production and productivity HEALTH

③ Exploiting bentonite and activated charcoal in suppressing Aflatoxicosis induced decline in Animal productivity and Aflatoxin carry-over in Animal products NUTRITION • C

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AFLATOXIN FREE GROUNDNUTS

AFLATOXIN affected GROUNDNUTS

An Emerging issuefood or feed or oncogens•

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Thank you for listening

Contributors:

Baguma Yona and EAAPP Uganda

NARO – National Agricultural Research Organisation

Kabirizzi Jolly; Mugerwa Swidiq; Mulindwa Henry, Oluka James; Kirunda Halid

NALIRRI – National Livestock Resources Research Institute

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