The state of Art of DC-DC converters used in Hybrid

Vehicles

Mayank Jalan

IIT Roorkee

EE-IDD

08212006

IIT Roorkee

Contents

Introduction2

CC4

Types of Hybrid Vehicle3

DC-DC converters5

Why Hybrid Vehicle?1

Components of Hybrid Vehicle

Conclusion6

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Why Hybrid Vehicles are used?

source: [1]

• CO2 emission• Taxes• Depleting of natural resources• Price hike

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Introduction

Power solely not supplied by just ICE engine

Electrical propulsion system along with ICE engine

Use of batteries, charger and ultracapacitor for electric energy

Benefit for both consumer and environment

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Degree of Hybridization

source: [2]

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Conventional Vehicle

Types

Parallel Hybrid Vehicle

Power-Split Hybrid Vehicle

Series Hybrid Vehicle Plug-In Hybrid

Vehicle

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Block Diagrams

Conventional HybridParallel HybridSeries HybridPower Split HybridPlug-InHybrid

source: [3]

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Components of Hybrid Vehicle

Inverter

Transaxle (including Electric motor)DC-DC converters

Power CableAuxiliary Battery

HV Battery

source: [8]

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DC-DC converters

Flying Capacitor

Type Multilevel Converter

Flux Additivity

based Multi Input

Converter

Dual Interleaved

Boost Converter

Bi-Directional

DC-DC Converter

Multi Input converter

using high/low Voltage sources

Multi Input DC-DC

converter

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3X Four Level Flying Capacitor Boost Converter

1X voltage configuration of Flying level canverter2X voltage configuration of Flying level canverter3X voltage configuration of Flying level canverter

source: [4]

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Advantages

Low stress across switching devices

six switching devices and three capacitors

3x converter without sacrificing efficiency (>97%)

Reduces the Inductance Requirement

Low component count

Efficiency

Inductance

Voltage Stress

Four Level Flying Capacitor Boost Converter

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Multiple Input Converter using High/Low voltage

Mode I (MH:on / ML:off)

Mode II (MH:off / ML:on)

Mode III (MH:off / ML:off)

Mode IV (MH:on / ML:on)

source: [5]

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AdvantagesHigh

Efficiency

Power from two voltage

sources individually

and simultaneously

Low Component count

Multiple Input Converter using High/Low voltage

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Multi-Input Converter Based On Flux Additivity

M1

M3

M2

M4

M5 M6

M7 M8

D1

D2

D3

D4

source: [6]

V1

V2

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AdvantagesHigh

Efficiency

Power from two voltage

sources individually

and simultaneously

ELECTRIC ISOLATION

Multiple Input Converter using High/Low voltage

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Two legged Dual-Interleaved Boost Converter

source: [5]

Advantages:1. Much larger AC excitation in two inductor circuit leads to more magnetic loss2. Efficiency of 94% at full load condition

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Conclusion

1. Hybrid Better solution to current conventional vehicle problems.

2. Efficiency as well as reliability are most important factors for selecting DC-DC converters.

3. Switching Losses, and component requirements are considered for DC-DC converters.

4. Company spending lot of money on High current Boost converters i.e. fast battery charging.

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References

1. Santini, et al. (September 27, 2006) Energy and Petroleum Consumption Attributes of Plug-in Hybrids (PDF). Retrieved April 29, 2007.

2. F. Z. Peng, “A Generalized Multilevel Inverter Topology with Self Voltage Balancing,” IEEE/IAS Annual Meeting, Oct. 8-12, Rome, Italy, 2000.

3. J. S. Lai, F. Z. Peng, “Multilevel Converters – A New Breed of Power Converters,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 32, No. 3, May 1996, pp. 509-517.

4. “3X DC-DC Multiplier/Divider for HEV Systems” Wei Qian, Fang Z. Peng, Miaosen Shen Michigan State University, and Leon M. Tolbert, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN

5. “Review of Multiple Input DC-DC Converters for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles” Krishna P. Yalamanchili and Mehdi Ferdowsi, Member, IEEE, Power Electronics and Motor Drives Laboratory, University of Missouri-Rolla

6. Krishna P. Yalamanchili and Mehdi Ferdowsi, Member, IEEE “Review of Multiple Input DC-DC Converters for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles”

7. http://www.mitsubishiotors.com/corporate/about_us/technology/review/e/pdf/2003/15E_10.pdf

8. Administration, E.I. [Accessed on 2012 June 17]; Available from: “http://www.eia.doe.gov/neic/quickfacts/quickoil.html”.