• Lincoln is the only U.S. President to receive a patent. The device was to help ships avoid Lincoln is the only U.S. President to receive a patent. The device was to help ships avoid inadvertent grounding. inadvertent grounding.

• Lincoln had two siblings, Thomas and Sarah. Thomas died in infancy and Sarah died in Lincoln had two siblings, Thomas and Sarah. Thomas died in infancy and Sarah died in childbirth at the age of twenty. childbirth at the age of twenty.

• Abraham Lincoln is the tallest U.S. President at 6' 4". Abraham Lincoln is the tallest U.S. President at 6' 4".

• Before becoming a lawyer and politician, Lincoln worked as a rail-splitter, flatboatman, Before becoming a lawyer and politician, Lincoln worked as a rail-splitter, flatboatman, storekeeper, postmaster and surveyor. storekeeper, postmaster and surveyor.

• Mary Todd and Lincoln's engagement was broken off before they reconciled and Mary Todd and Lincoln's engagement was broken off before they reconciled and married. married.

• Only one of Abraham Lincoln's four sons outlived him. Only one of Abraham Lincoln's four sons outlived him.

• Barack Obama took the Oath of Office on a bible that was used by Abraham Lincoln at Barack Obama took the Oath of Office on a bible that was used by Abraham Lincoln at his first inauguration in 1861. Ironically, the man who administered Lincoln's oath was his first inauguration in 1861. Ironically, the man who administered Lincoln's oath was Chief Justice Roger Brooke Taney who authored the Supreme Court's ruling on the Chief Justice Roger Brooke Taney who authored the Supreme Court's ruling on the infamous Dred Scott decision. infamous Dred Scott decision.

• The war years were difficult for Abraham The war years were difficult for Abraham Lincoln and his family. After his young son Lincoln and his family. After his young son Willie died of typhoid fever in 1862, the Willie died of typhoid fever in 1862, the emotionally fragile Mary Lincoln, widely emotionally fragile Mary Lincoln, widely unpopular for her frivolity and spendthrift ways, unpopular for her frivolity and spendthrift ways, held seances in the White House in the hopes of held seances in the White House in the hopes of communicating with him, earning her even communicating with him, earning her even more derision.more derision.

The Start The Start of the Civil of the Civil

WarWar

Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln

“ “ A house divided can not stand.”A house divided can not stand.”

What is the war about?What is the war about?

#1 REASON: STATE’S RIGHTS#1 REASON: STATE’S RIGHTS

The South believed their rights were being The South believed their rights were being taken away.taken away.

Their way of life, liberty and the pursuit of Their way of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness was being challenged.happiness was being challenged.

Southern slavery contributed to their way of Southern slavery contributed to their way of life and success.life and success.

Secession! #1 South Carolina Dec. 20,

1860

Secession! #1 South Carolina Dec. 20,

1860

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

• Confederate Confederate officials began officials began seizing federal-mint seizing federal-mint branches, arsenals, branches, arsenals, and military posts. and military posts.

• Fort Fort SumterSumter was a was a Federal outpost in Federal outpost in Charleston, SC. Charleston, SC.

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

• Confederate forces asked for its Confederate forces asked for its surrender. surrender.

• Lincoln refused and sent ships Lincoln refused and sent ships with supplies. with supplies.

• Confederate cannons began firing Confederate cannons began firing on April 12, 1861.  on April 12, 1861. 

• FortFort SumterSumter fell 34 hours later. fell 34 hours later. • The Civil War began. The Civil War began.

The first shots at Fort Sumter The first shots at Fort Sumter brought …brought …

Quote, “every soldier in the harbor Quote, “every soldier in the harbor to his feet, every man, woman and to his feet, every man, woman and child in Charleston from their child in Charleston from their bed.”bed.”

Lincoln’s ResponseLincoln’s Response

• Lincoln declared the Lincoln declared the South to South to in a state of rebellion.in a state of rebellion.

• He asked for each state He asked for each state 75,000 militiamen to put 75,000 militiamen to put down the rebellion.down the rebellion.

• Each state had to decide: Each state had to decide: secede or stay in the union.secede or stay in the union.

You are either with

us or against us. Decide!

Stephen Douglas stands Stephen Douglas stands behind Lincolnbehind Lincoln

““There can be no There can be no neutrals in this, neutrals in this, only patriots-or only patriots-or traitors.”traitors.”

Border StatesBorder States• Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and

Missouri-slaves states that did not join the Missouri-slaves states that did not join the Confederacy.Confederacy.

• Kentucky and Missouri controlled Kentucky and Missouri controlled important rivers.important rivers.

• People in border states were deeply People in border states were deeply divided! Lincoln’s own wife had four divided! Lincoln’s own wife had four brothers fighting for the confederacy.brothers fighting for the confederacy.

• Lincoln sent federal troops to the border Lincoln sent federal troops to the border states to keep them in the union.states to keep them in the union.

Rating the North & Rating the North & SouthSouth

Rating the North & Rating the North & SouthSouth

Railroad Lines, Railroad Lines, 18601860

Railroad Lines, Railroad Lines, 18601860

Resources:Resources: North & North & SouthSouth

Resources:Resources: North & North & SouthSouth

Men Present for Duty Men Present for Duty in the Civil Warin the Civil War

Men Present for Duty Men Present for Duty in the Civil Warin the Civil War

The Union & Confederacy in The Union & Confederacy in 18611861

The Union & Confederacy in The Union & Confederacy in 18611861

Secession!: Post Fort Sumter

Secession!: Post Fort Sumter

Overview of Northern AdvantagesOverview of Northern Advantages• Larger population

– North 22 million– South Only 9 million

• More ships• Larger, more efficient railroad system• Lincoln - Very intelligent and dedicated• More industry - 81% of nation’s factories• Better banking system to raise $ for the war

– 75% of nation’s wealth

Overview of Northern AdvantagesOverview of Northern Advantages

• Wealth produced: Wealth produced: – Factory productionFactory production– Textile goods produced Textile goods produced – Iron production Iron production – Coal production Coal production – Farm acreage Farm acreage – LivestockLivestock– Wheat production Wheat production – Corn productionCorn production

Overview of Northern Overview of Northern DisadvantagesDisadvantages

• Fought on Southern lands

• Divided support for the war

• Many believed the South had good chance of winning

Overview of Southern AdvantagesOverview of Southern Advantages• Fighting a defensive war

– Local support of all men– familiar with terrain

• Motivation: seeking independence, unified support

• Short communication lines/ friendly population

• Experienced officers- (Lee, Jackson, Pickett)

• Cotton - necessary for textile factories of England and France

• Slave Labor in the early part of the war

Overview of Southern Overview of Southern DisadvantagesDisadvantages

• Smaller population

• Few factories to manufacture weapons and supplies

• Poor transportation system

• Weak federal government = not strong enough to control Southern states– Jefferson Davis did not

have complete power like Lincoln

OverviewOverviewNorth’sNorth’s

Civil WarCivil WarStrategy:Strategy:

““AnacondAnaconda”a”

PlanPlan

OverviewOverviewNorth’sNorth’s

Civil WarCivil WarStrategy:Strategy:

““AnacondAnaconda”a”

PlanPlanGoal:Goal: surround the surround the Confederacy and Confederacy and squeeze them into squeeze them into submissionsubmission

The Anaconda PlanThe Anaconda Plan• Capture Richmond and force surrender Capture Richmond and force surrender • Force out Confederates from border Force out Confederates from border

states states • Control the Mississippi River to Stop the Control the Mississippi River to Stop the

transport of:transport of:– soldierssoldiers– WeaponsWeapons– AmmunitionAmmunition– ClothesClothes– FoodFood– other supplies neededother supplies needed

• Blockade southern ports to stopBlockade southern ports to stop– cotton shipmentscotton shipments– supplies from foreign nationssupplies from foreign nations

Anaconda SqueezeAnaconda Squeeze

Southern StrategySouthern Strategy• Defend its homeland, holding

onto as much territory as possible until the North got tired of fighting-WEAR THE NORTH DOWN!

• Capture Washington, D.C.

• Gain control of border states • Gain England's support using

Cotton Diplomacy: Hoping Great Britain would help the South because it needed it’s cotton.

• Expel Union troops from South

Preparing for War-Neither side Preparing for War-Neither side is ready!is ready!

Volunteer Armies-unskilled teachers, farmers, Volunteer Armies-unskilled teachers, farmers, laborers all had to learn how to march, laborers all had to learn how to march, shoot, use a bayonet, and kill!shoot, use a bayonet, and kill!

Training was difficult.Training was difficult.

Surviving was essential.Surviving was essential.

Helping the TroopsHelping the Troops• Civilians raised money

• provided aid

• ran emergency hospitals.

• Thousands of volunteers worked with the U.S. Sanitary Commission to send bandages, medicines, and food to camps

• In the Union army over 3000 women volunteered to be nurses.

A Young Man’s WarA Young Man’s War

• More than 2,000,000 Federal soldiers More than 2,000,000 Federal soldiers were twenty-one or under (of a total of were twenty-one or under (of a total of some 2,700,000)-some 2,700,000)-More than 1,000,000 were eighteen or More than 1,000,000 were eighteen or under.under.About 800,000 were seventeen or under.About 800,000 were seventeen or under.About 200,000 were sixteen or under.About 200,000 were sixteen or under.About 100,000 were fifteen or under.About 100,000 were fifteen or under.Three hundred were thirteen or under-Three hundred were thirteen or under-most of these fifers or drummers, but most of these fifers or drummers, but regularly enrolled, and sometimes regularly enrolled, and sometimes fighters. fighters. Twenty-five were ten or underTwenty-five were ten or under

War in the EastWar in the East

Generals at Bull RunGenerals at Bull RunGeneral Irwin McDowell vs.General PGT BeauregardGeneral Irwin McDowell vs.General PGT Beauregard

First Battle of Bull Run, July 21,1861First Battle of Bull Run, July 21,1861

• Following Fort Sumter, Union military believed Following Fort Sumter, Union military believed Confederacy could be quickly crushed with little Confederacy could be quickly crushed with little loss of life.loss of life.

• Union Gen. McDowell led 34,000 inexperienced Union Gen. McDowell led 34,000 inexperienced and poorly trained militia toward the railroad and poorly trained militia toward the railroad junction in Manassas, Virginia.junction in Manassas, Virginia.

• General Beauregard was alerted and he prepared General Beauregard was alerted and he prepared his 20,000 troops. He called for help, 9000 more his 20,000 troops. He called for help, 9000 more troops arrived.troops arrived.

• Three Union divisions crossed the Bull Three Union divisions crossed the Bull Run Stream and began driving Run Stream and began driving Confederate troops back.Confederate troops back.

• Confederate General Thomas J. Confederate General Thomas J. Jackson positioned his soldiers and Jackson positioned his soldiers and stood firm. His men stopped the stood firm. His men stopped the Union charge. “Stonewall Jackson” Union charge. “Stonewall Jackson” Nickname.Nickname.

• Union artillery was capturedUnion artillery was captured• Beauregard led a charge to the right of Beauregard led a charge to the right of

the Union army, McDowell’s line was the Union army, McDowell’s line was broken and the Union army retreated.broken and the Union army retreated.

Casualties: Union 3000 Confederate 2000Casualties: Union 3000 Confederate 2000

Interesting FactInteresting Fact

• On July 21 Hundreds of men, women and On July 21 Hundreds of men, women and children attended the battle. Many brought children attended the battle. Many brought picnics believing it would be a glorious picnics believing it would be a glorious show to watch.show to watch.

Interesting Fact: Uniforms not Interesting Fact: Uniforms not standard yet.standard yet.

Bull Run, 1861 the 1st battle of the Civil War. Bull Run, 1861 the 1st battle of the Civil War. It showed the nation that the war was going It showed the nation that the war was going

to be long and costly.to be long and costly.

The North had 387 soldiers killed while the South lost 460.The South won the battle.

Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson-Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson-Confederate Confederate

• Served in the Mexican-American warServed in the Mexican-American war

• West Point GraduateWest Point Graduate

• Married TwiceMarried Twice

• He didn’t use chairs because he believed that He didn’t use chairs because he believed that standing was good for one’s health.standing was good for one’s health.

• Brilliant soldier famous for his fearlessness.Brilliant soldier famous for his fearlessness.

• ““Right Arm” of Robert E. LeeRight Arm” of Robert E. Lee

• He sucked on lemons dailyHe sucked on lemons daily

• He believed God would lead the South to victory.He believed God would lead the South to victory.

• He prayed before every battle. He prayed before every battle.

• May 2, 1963 He was shot by his own men. (by May 2, 1963 He was shot by his own men. (by mistake)mistake)

• He had his arm amputated, but died from pneumonia He had his arm amputated, but died from pneumonia

Robert E. LeeRobert E. Lee“The greatest soldier living today.” Winfield “The greatest soldier living today.” Winfield

ScottScott

• Married with 7 children• Officer in the Mexican-American War.• Was against slavery even though he

lived in the South.• Confederate commander.• Was first asked by Lincoln to lead

Union troops, but he was a Virginia man.

• Had huge success against Union leaders.

• He trusted horse was named Traveller.

• He had a pet hen that he took everywhere with him.

• After his surrender, he returned home and died of Pneumonia 4 years later.

Ulysses S. Grant-Union Ulysses S. Grant-Union CommanderCommander

• Almost drowned at the age of 7Almost drowned at the age of 7

• Married the love of his life.Married the love of his life.

• Had 4 childrenHad 4 children

• Tried farming, real estateTried farming, real estate

• West Point graduateWest Point graduate

• Incredible military leaderIncredible military leader

• He liked to drag race horses!He liked to drag race horses!

• Won the war and becameWon the war and becametwo term president.two term president.

2nd Manassas or2nd Manassas or2nd Bull Run, VA2nd Bull Run, VA

• August 29-30, 1862August 29-30, 1862• The general for the The general for the

Confederate was Stonewall Confederate was Stonewall Jackson.Jackson.

• The general for the The general for the Yankees was John Pope.Yankees was John Pope.

• The North lost 16,000 The North lost 16,000 soldiers while the South soldiers while the South lost only 9,000lost only 9,000

• The South won the battle in The South won the battle in the last few hours.the last few hours.

Antietam, Maryland September 17, 1862 Antietam, Maryland September 17, 1862 considered the single bloodiest day in the considered the single bloodiest day in the

American history. The Union claims victory, American history. The Union claims victory, but the win in only a slight advantage. Lee’s but the win in only a slight advantage. Lee’s North advance ended and many troops die.North advance ended and many troops die.

First metal ships in world!First metal ships in world!

IroncladsIronclads• Union has a strong navy, Confederates Union has a strong navy, Confederates

no navy.no navy.

• Confederates capture a Union ship, Confederates capture a Union ship, added iron and changed its name to added iron and changed its name to The The Virginia.Virginia.

• Union already had Ironclad name Monitor.Union already had Ironclad name Monitor.

• The two battled and the Monitor forced the The two battled and the Monitor forced the Virginia to withdraw.Virginia to withdraw.

Changed war tactics forever!

Battle of Shiloh: Fought in western territory of Battle of Shiloh: Fought in western territory of Tennessee. Confederates surprise Grant, but Tennessee. Confederates surprise Grant, but

Grant is able to stand firm and eventually Grant is able to stand firm and eventually win=Union Victory! Huge Death Toll!win=Union Victory! Huge Death Toll!

Vicksburg, May-July 1863. The Union Vicksburg, May-July 1863. The Union victory divides the south in half greatly victory divides the south in half greatly

weakening it.weakening it.

Weapons of WarWeapons of War

• Minie Ball=Fast, cheap, easy to Minie Ball=Fast, cheap, easy to produce. Greater accuracy.produce. Greater accuracy.

• Spencer Repeating Rifle=Reliable in Spencer Repeating Rifle=Reliable in battle, easy to produce.battle, easy to produce.

• Railroad=easier movement of troops Railroad=easier movement of troops and supplies.and supplies.

• Telegraph=Real time Telegraph=Real time communications between communications between commanders.commanders.

Clara Barton “The Angel of the Clara Barton “The Angel of the Battlefield.”Battlefield.”

• Soothed the wounded and dying as Soothed the wounded and dying as bullets flew around her.bullets flew around her.

• Observing the horrendous medical Observing the horrendous medical conditions on the battle field.conditions on the battle field.

• Organized the collection of Organized the collection of medicine and supplies for medicine and supplies for delivery in the battlefield.delivery in the battlefield.

• Began the Began the RED CROSSRED CROSS

Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation

• The Civil War The Civil War began as a war to began as a war to restore the restore the Union, NOT to Union, NOT to end slavery.end slavery.

““My paramount object in this struggle My paramount object in this struggle isis to save to save the Union, and is the Union, and is notnot either to save or to destroy either to save or to destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing anyany slave I would do it, and if I could save it by slave I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing freeing allall the slaves I would do it; and if I could the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that. What I do about slavery, and would also do that. What I do about slavery, and the colored race, I do because I believe it helps to the colored race, I do because I believe it helps to save the Union; and what I forbear, I forbear save the Union; and what I forbear, I forbear because I do because I do notnot believe it would help to save the believe it would help to save the Union.” Abraham Lincoln to Horace GreenlyUnion.” Abraham Lincoln to Horace Greenly

The Emancipation The Emancipation ProclamationProclamation

• Lincoln wrote the Lincoln wrote the Emancipation Emancipation Proclamation in 1862. Proclamation in 1862.

• It’s purpose was to free the It’s purpose was to free the slaves only in areas slaves only in areas controlled by the controlled by the Confederate states. Not Confederate states. Not Border States!Border States!

• The president knew that it The president knew that it would make some people in would make some people in the North and South angry. the North and South angry. Took effect Jan. 1 1863Took effect Jan. 1 1863

Reasons for the Reasons for the Emancipation Emancipation ProclamationProclamation

• Other than a slight win at Antietam, the war was going badly for the North.

• Lincoln needed a way to turn things around

• He thought that freeing the slaves in the South would help bring about that change

Lincoln Issues the Emancipation Lincoln Issues the Emancipation Proclamation: September 22Proclamation: September 22ndnd, 1862, 1862

"That on the first day of "That on the first day of January, in the year of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight hundred and sixty-three, three, all persons held all persons held as slavesas slaves within any within any StateState or designated or designated part of a State, the part of a State, the people whereof shall people whereof shall then be then be in rebellionin rebellion against the United against the United States, shall beStates, shall be then, then, thenceforward, and thenceforward, and forever freeforever free””

In which states have slaves been freed?

In which states have slaves not been freed?

Why is this?

Why might Lincoln be trying to make the South’s slavery more obvious to Europeans?

(Lincoln signing the Emancipation Proclamation)

African Americans Fight in the African Americans Fight in the War!War!

As As casualties climbed, the Union casualties climbed, the Union needed more troops.needed more troops.

African Americans volunteered-not African Americans volunteered-not all whites accepted themall whites accepted them!!

The U.S. Government gave The U.S. Government gave Contrabands, or escaped slaves, Contrabands, or escaped slaves, the right to join the Union army the right to join the Union army in South Carolina.in South Carolina.

• 5454thth Massachusetts Infantry led a heroic Massachusetts Infantry led a heroic charge on S.C. Fort Wagner. Half of the charge on S.C. Fort Wagner. Half of the regiment was killed, wounded or captured.regiment was killed, wounded or captured.

• Their bravery made them the most celebrated Their bravery made them the most celebrated African American unit of the war.African American unit of the war.

Did You Know?Did You Know?

• After the Emancipation Proclamation an After the Emancipation Proclamation an African American congregation raised African American congregation raised $580.00 to buy Lincoln a Bible. The cover $580.00 to buy Lincoln a Bible. The cover had a picture of Lincoln breaking off the had a picture of Lincoln breaking off the chains of a slave working in a cotton field.chains of a slave working in a cotton field.

Battle of Gettysburg, PA: June Battle of Gettysburg, PA: June 3030thth, 1863, 1863

• Conf. General Lee attempts Conf. General Lee attempts to take Washington, D.C.to take Washington, D.C.

• Union General George Meade Union General George Meade meets him at Gettysburg, PAmeets him at Gettysburg, PA

• On the third day, Lee On the third day, Lee charges Union forces who charges Union forces who are on higher ground.are on higher ground.

• Conf. fails; this is the Conf. fails; this is the TURNING POINT of the warTURNING POINT of the war

Gettysburg 1863 July1-3, Lee’s gamble to Gettysburg 1863 July1-3, Lee’s gamble to destroy the Union army signals the end for destroy the Union army signals the end for

the Confederate cause.the Confederate cause.

Death TollDeath Toll

3 day battle

51,000 Soldiers killed, wounded or captured

Union =23,000 Confederates=28,000

After Gettysburg, any help from France or Great Britain ended.

Gettysburg AddressGettysburg Address

• Speech made to Speech made to dedicate battlefield dedicate battlefield cemetery.cemetery.

• His speech reminded His speech reminded the nation of the spirit the nation of the spirit of liberty and freedom of liberty and freedom held by citizens of a held by citizens of a democracy.democracy.

The Gettysburg Address: The Gettysburg Address: November 19November 19thth, 1863, 1863

“…“…that we here highly resolve that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. “not perish from the earth. “

General William T. ShermanGeneral William T. Sherman

“My goal is to taste salt water.”

Sherman’s March to the Sea!Sherman’s March to the Sea!

• Lincoln needed a victory for the Union to help with Lincoln needed a victory for the Union to help with re-election. Sherman is his answer!re-election. Sherman is his answer!

• Sherman’s 100,000 troops marched south from Sherman’s 100,000 troops marched south from Tennessee through Atlanta and Savannah, Tennessee through Atlanta and Savannah, Georgia destroying them in the process.Georgia destroying them in the process.

• Sherman practiced total warSherman practiced total war,, destroying civilian destroying civilian and economic resourcesand economic resources, in the hope of ruining the , in the hope of ruining the South’s economy and ending its ability to fight. South’s economy and ending its ability to fight.

They burned homes, crops, farms, pulled up They burned homes, crops, farms, pulled up railroads, and killed livestockrailroads, and killed livestock

In April 3, 1865 Lee’s army is surrounded In April 3, 1865 Lee’s army is surrounded on three sides by Grant. The Confederates on three sides by Grant. The Confederates

surrender at surrender at Appomattox Courthouse, Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia April 9, 1865.Virginia April 9, 1865.

SurrenderSurrenderWith his army surrounded, his men weak and With his army surrounded, his men weak and

exhausted, Robert E. Lee realized there was exhausted, Robert E. Lee realized there was little choice but to consider the surrender of little choice but to consider the surrender of his Army to General Grant. After a series of his Army to General Grant. After a series of notes between the two leaders, they agreed notes between the two leaders, they agreed to meet on April 9, 1865, at the house of to meet on April 9, 1865, at the house of Wilmer McLean in the village of Wilmer McLean in the village of Appomattox Courthouse. The meeting Appomattox Courthouse. The meeting lasted approximately two and one-half lasted approximately two and one-half hours and at its conclusion the bloodliest hours and at its conclusion the bloodliest conflict in the nation's history neared its conflict in the nation's history neared its end.end.

• Wilmer McLean lived peaceful life in Manassas, Virginia when Wilmer McLean lived peaceful life in Manassas, Virginia when the Civil War erupted. His hometown is on the road between the Civil War erupted. His hometown is on the road between Washington DC and Richmond, VA, the capitals of Union and Washington DC and Richmond, VA, the capitals of Union and Confederate respectively. So the battle that is considered as start Confederate respectively. So the battle that is considered as start of the war, The Battle of Bull Run, happened on that road, just in of the war, The Battle of Bull Run, happened on that road, just in front of McLean’s house, and was quickly used as Confederate front of McLean’s house, and was quickly used as Confederate headquarters. With his house being shot all the time, he decided to headquarters. With his house being shot all the time, he decided to move further in Virginia. The strange coincidence is the fact that move further in Virginia. The strange coincidence is the fact that the war began in his house, but ended in his new one. Four years the war began in his house, but ended in his new one. Four years later, Union’s General surrender in McLean’s house. He has said: later, Union’s General surrender in McLean’s house. He has said: “The war began in my front yard and ended in my front parlor.”“The war began in my front yard and ended in my front parlor.”

•