The Stanford Hypnotic Clinical Scale for Adults (SHCS): Validity … · 2019-10-04 · usage of...

The Stanford Hypnotic Clinical Scale forAdults (SHCS): Validity And Reliability of

The Turkish Version

Mehmet Yucel Agargun, M.D., Mustafa Gulec, M.D.,Rabia Ozturk, Dilek Cimen

The purpose of this study was to provide validity and reliability of the Turkish versionof the Stanford Hypnotic Clinical Scale for adults (SHCS). The Turkish version of thescale was administered to the 65 healthy participants (31 men, 34 women) meetinginclusion criteria twice in different times by two different clinicians. Cronbach's alphawas 0.66 for internal consistency. Points of the items (0.35-0.64) were foundsignificantly and positively correlated with the total point. There was not a significantchange in two different application times. The correlation coefficient was found 0.97among the total points. Kappa value was found 0.93. The correlation between itemand total points of the SCHS and up-gaze subscale of the hypnotic induction profile(HIP) was examined by using Pearson correlation analysis. The correlation coefficientswere between 0.30 and 0.62. We found the scale valid and reliable at the end of ourinvestigation. The scale is adequate to distinguish "highly hypnotisable" and "lowhypnotisable" individuals. We think that it can be used in the hypnosis studies. Wehope that it will illuminate studies particularly investigating trauma-dissociationrelationship. We predict that the scale will has determinative importance for thehypnotherapy option in trauma patients. (Sleep and Hypnosis 2007;9(2):71-81)

Key words: SHCS, hypnotic, hypnotisability, validity, reliability, scale

INTRODUCTION

A lthough the term of hypnosis wasxiintroduced to the medical literature byAvicenna in the X. century (1,2), Franz AntonMesmer is known as the father of modernhypnosis. Hypnosis gained a strong place inthe mental health area by developing

From ihe Deparlmenl of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University ofYuzLincu Yil, Van, Turkey

Address reprint requests to: Dr. Mehmet Yucel AgargunDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine University of Yuzuncu YilVan 65200, TurkeyTel: +90-432-2150471/1238; Fax: +90-432-2167519E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted June 5, 2007

throughout the centuries stably and becamemaybe one of the most important treatmentoptions in the psychiatric disorders likedissociative disorders, conversion disorderand sexual function disorders. The mentalhealth specialists who are interested inhypnosis started to feel great need fordetermining their patients that are going tobe treated by hypnotherapy are hypnotisableor not. Besides establishing the relationshipbetween hypnotisability andpsychopathology in patients is going toprovide accurate, effective and rational usageof hypnotherapy and prevent malpractices.

Sleep and Hypnosis, 9:2, 2007 71

The Stanford Hypnotic Clinical Scale for Adults (SHCS): Validity And Reliability of The Turkish Version

unnecessary effort, time and moneyconsuming.

The first scientific studies about thissubject started in the United States at the late1950s. Lots of terms that may be close tohypnotic tendency like hypnotisability,hypnotic ability, hypnotic capacity, hypnoticsusceptibility and hypnotic suggestibilitywere met with when English scientificliterature was scanned.

Laboratory and clinical researches showedthat hypnotic tendency is stable andmeasurable qualification. Not onlyfacilitating the treatment, but also thehypnotic tendency has different secretmeanings. It reflects a convergence ofbiopsychosocial phenomena (3).Hypnotisability level of a patient providesuseful information about the way ofcommunication with himself/herself andsocial environment. A hypnotic experiencerequires three components: absorption,dissociation, and suggestibility. Absorption isa capability to reduce peripheral awarenessfor facilitating focal attention more. Whileawareness of time and space orientation isdecreasing, the attention becomes moreintense and focused. As a result, theprobability of slipping out of consciousnessfor the information at the periphery ofawareness increases (dissociation). Therelative suspension of critical judgementmakes a person more suggestible.

It has been passed more than 40 yearssince Weitzenhoffer and Hilgard developedthe first applicable measure ofhypnotisability. The Stanford HypnoticSusceptibility Scale (4). At the beginning, itwas presented with two different forms, Aand B. Both of the forms contain 12 itemsand take approximately 1 hour to administer.As a result of progressively. greater itemdifficulty, the pass percentages reducesteadily. In 1962, same researchers (5)introduced another scale, the StanfordHypnotic Susceptibility Scale: Form C (SHSS:C). The SHSS: C differed from its earlier

counterparts in possessing greater "top"; thatis, it contained not merely items ofprogressively greater difficulty (in commonwith SHSS: A & B), but, overall, a greaterproportion of more difficult cognitive items.

This growing trend continued with Shorand Carota Orne (6) constructing a groupversion of SHSS: A, which they called theHarvard Group Scale of HypnoticSusceptibility: Form A (HGSHS: A). It issufficient to indicate that its implementationpermitted group administration to smallsamples of up to twenty subjectssimultaneously. Fven some investigatorshave since utilized HGSHS: A solely for thisreason. However, longer measures ofhypnotisability take approximately 1 hour toadminister and increase workloads of theresearchers. This handicap forced involvedresearchers to develop briefer measures. Apioneer of this trend was H. Spiegel (7) whofirst introduced the Hypnotic InductionProfile (HIP) to the field. A biological markeremerged for the first time in this area withusage of HIP. Up-gaze, eye-roll and internalsquint degrees are evaluated. Spiegel statedthat the eye-roll takes five seconds toadminister, while the HIP was reported astaking an additional from five to ten minutes.

The Barber Suggestibility Scale (8), TheGhildren's Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale (9),Stanford Hypnotic Clinical Scale for adults(10), Stanford Hypnotic Clinical Scale forchildren (11), The Alman-Wexler IndirectHypnotic Susceptibility Scale (12) and TheWaterloo-Stanford Group C Scale (13) can becounted among the scales that measure theamount of hypnotisability. In the presentstudy providing validity and reliability of theTurkish version of the Stanford HypnoticGlinical Scale for adults (SHCS) was aimed.

Four items are common to both scales,SHSS: C and SHCS. These items are movinghands, dream, age regression, and amnesia.The SHSS: G contains a posthypnoticsuggestion item (getting up from the chairand sitting in the other empty one when a

72 Sleep and Hypnosis, 9:2, 2007

Mehmet Yucel Agargun et al.

pencil is taken from the pencil holder), forcomparison with the SHCS posthypnoticsuggestion of coughing or clearing the throatat a pencil tap. The HGSHS: A has aposthypnotic suggestion item of touching anankle at a pencil tap. The means for male(2.71) and female (2.81) subjects were notsignificantly different in the original study ofMorgan and Hilgard (11). The average scoreof 2.75 means subjects were able to performcorrectly more than two of the five items butless than three. As a rough guide, a subjectwho passes four or five in the upper third ofresponsiveness, one who passes two or threein the middle third, and one who passesnone or one is in the lowest third.

The participants were normal healthyuniversity students in the original study. Thepatients' norms are not yet available.Preliminary work with a few patients showsthat the intent of the scale has been achieved.Also, it can be performed by patients who aredisabled with restricted movement. If onearm is immobile, hand lowering item can beused.

Morgan and Hilgard compared SHCS withSHSS: C. the percents passing on the twoscales were very nearly alike. The correlationbetween total scores was 0.72. Thecorrelation between the four items commonto both SHCS and SHSS: C was 0.81. For thisreason, SHCS appears to be a reliableestimate of hypnotisability as evaluated bythe longer measures.

The SHCS requires approximately 20minutes for administration; this is about halftime the time required by the longer SHSS: C.

We think that SHCS with these positivequalifications will ease the works of mentalhealth specialists who are interested inhypnosis and hypnotherapy and provide afast evaluation chance before the procedure.The purpose of this study was to providevalidity and reliability of the Turkish versionof the Stanford Hypnotic Clinical Scale foradults (SHCS) and contribute to hypnosisand hypnotherapy researches in our country.

METHOD

Participants

The participants were selected fromhealthy volunteers who live in the City of Vanrandomly. They were recruited via the localannouncements. The persons with universitydegree participated in the study. Theeducation duration ranges between 13 and17 years. The exclusion criteria: Existence ofany psychiatric disorder history,psychoactive substance or alcohol abusehistory, medication within 6 weeks prior tostudy entry, serious medical illness, being outof the 18-50 age interval, and not having auniversity degree. We included 31 (47.7%)males and 34 (52.3%) females in the study.The participants were aged between 19 and40. The mean age±SD was 26.9±5.2 for thewhole group. Written informed consent wasobtained from all subjects after they hadreceived a complete description of the studyprotocol. They were not paid for theirparticipation.

SHCS

SHCS consists of 5 items, (see Appendix LIfor Turkish version of the scale). These itemsare moving hands together (or la. handlowering as an alternative), dream, ageregression, posthypnotic suggestion(coughing or clearing the throat at a penciltap), and amnesia. Patient may be seated inany kind of chair with arms, or may be in bedsitting or lying before the procedure. Thescale begins with an explanation: "In amoment I shall hypnotize you and suggest toyou a number of experiences which you mayor may not have, and a number of effectswhich you may or may not produce. Noteveryone can have the same experiences orproduce the same effects when hypnotized.People vary greatly. We need to know whichexperiences you can have so we can build onthem and know how to make hypnosis best



serve you. Please remember always torespond to what you are feeling, so wz canuse hypnosis in ways that are natural foryou." It was followed by induction stage thatcontains progressive muscle relaxation andmental imagination predominantly. Then 5phenomena mentioned above are performed.Every item is scored with symbols "+" or "-"as pointed out in the instruction manual (seeAppendix I for scoring booklet of the scale).The total score changes between zero andfive. As a practical guide, a subject whopasses four or five is highly hypnotisable, onewho passes two or three has middle degree ofhypnotisability, and one who passes none orone is lowly hypnotisable. The scale is easy toadminister and it takes only 20 minutes tocomplete including induction stage.

Administration

SHCS was translated into the Turkish bytwo independent and experiencedtranslators. Later translators comparedsuitability of the translations in terms of thesource language. Back-translation process tothe source language was performed but itwas not considered in the adaptation processfor some criticisms like evaluating suitabilityof the translation only in terms of the sourcelanguage and not detecting the defects thatmay be formed in the source language (14).After all these, the final form was completedby comparing between the formertranslations. The scale was administered toevery participant twice in different times bytwo independent clinicians for interraterreliability. It took approximately 20 minutesto evaluate every participant.

Statistical analysis

The SPSS, release 10.01, was used for dataanalyses. The validity and reliability of thescale were examined by means ofsubprogrammes of this programme. Theinternal consistency of the scale was

examined by carrying out Cronbach's alphastatistic and Pearson correlation analysis. T"heinterrater reliability of the of the total SHCSscores and the scores of the each item wasresearched by applying dependent sample t-test, Pearson correlation analysis, and kappastatistic in two different application times.The correlation between the total SHCSscores, the scores of the each item and up-gaze subscale points of the HIP wasexamined by means of Pearson correlationanalysis. The level of statistical significancewas accepted as p<0.05 for all analyses.

RESULTS

The Internal Consistency

The reliability of the Turkish Version waspleasing. Cronbach's alpha was found 0.66.Another evaluation that was directed towardsthe internal consistency of the scale wasmade with the Pearson correlation analysis(see Table 1). The correlation between thetotal SHCS scores and the scores of the eachitem was statistically significant. The Pearsoncorrelation analysis coefficients (r values)were changing between 0.35 and 0.64.

Table 1. The correlation between the total SHCS scores andthe scores of the each item

Items

Moving hands togetherDreamAge regressionPosthypnotic suggestionAmnesia

r*

0.470.490.640.350.52

P

<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.01<0.001

*Pearson correlation analysis coefficient

The Interrater Reliability

When the interrater reliability of the totalSHCS scores and the scores of the each itemwas investigated by using the Pearsoncorrelation analysis (see Table 2), nostatistically significant difference was foundbetween the two different clinicians. Thé


Mehmel Yucel Agargun el al.

Table 2. Interrater reliability of the total SHCS scores and thescores of the each item

Items

Moving hands togetherDreamAge regressionPosthypnotic suggestionAmnesiaTotal

rt

0.880.900.910.820.920.97

P

<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001

tPearson correlation analysis coefficient

results of the Pearson correlation analysis ofthe two different raters showed a significantand positive correlation. While the Pearsoncorrelation analysis coefficients (r values)were changing between 0.82 and 0.92, thecorrelation coefficient between the totalscores was calculated as 0.97. Anotherevaluation that was directed towards theinterrater reliability was made with the kappastatistic. Kappa value was found 0.93. Thisfinding means that the scale has highinterrater reliability and concordancebetween the two clinicians.

Validity

The correlation between the total SHCSscores, the scores of the each item and up-gaze subscale points of the HIP wasexamined by means of Pearson correlationanalysis (see Table 3). The correlationbetween the total SHCS scores, the scores ofthe each item and up-gaze subscale points ofthe HIP was statistically significant. ThePearson correlation analysis coefficients (rvalues) were changing between 0.30 and0.62.

Table 3. The correlation between the total SHCS scores, thescores of the each item and up-gaze subscale points of the HIP

Items

Moving hands togetherDreamAge regressionPosthypnotic suggestionAmnesiaTota i

rt

0.350.300.400.310.310.62

P

<0.01<0.05<0.01<0.05<0.05<0.001

tPearson correlation analysis coefficient

DISCUSSION

The findings of the present study showedthat the Turkish Version of the SHCS is validand reliable enough. The Turkish Version ofthe scale was found to be consistent internallyand having interrater reliability, positive andsignificant correlation with HIP. It was showedthat not only it can be used in the studies thatrelated with hypnosis in our country, but alsoit is useful for examining suitability of thehypnotherapy in different clinical samples.The scale is short, easy to administer andcontains prehypnotic induction. Relaxation isprovided before the procedure. Also, it can beadministered to the patients who arehandicapped with restricted movement. Thisis one of the most important qualifications.The SHCS can be used in selecting suitablepatients for hypnotherapy as a helpful devicewith these advantages. There is available formof the scale for children too (12).

SHCS was used in lots of researches sinceits development in 1978. For instance, someof these studies are about the pain. James etal. (15) evaluated the efficacy of self-hypnosisin patients with chronic pain. It was showedthat self-hypnosis is efficient in highlyhypnotisable patients with chronic pain inthis study. Appel and Bleiberg (16) indicatedthat protocols reducing severity of pain aremore successful in persons with highhypnotisability.

The majority of the studies that usedSHCS are trauma and dissociation studies.Putnam et al. (17) examined the correlationbetween hypnotic tendency, clinicaldissociation and trauma in the sexuallyabused girls aged 6-15 years. A statisticallysignificant correlation between hypnotictendency and clinical dissociation was shownin the traumatised patients in comparisonwith healthy controls. Vanderlinden et al.(18) evaluated the hypnotisabiUty of thepatients with eating disorder by using SHCS.A significant correlation between dissociationscores and SHCS scores was found. Bryant et



al. (19) researched the correlation betweenacute dissociative reactions against traumaand hypnotisability. They found higher SHCSscores among the patients with acute stressdisorder due to trauma. In other wordshighly hypnotisable patients are morevulnerable to acute stress disorder. Besidesthere is positive correlation between dreamscores and acute stress disorder. Bryant et al.(20) found a significant correlation betweenhigh SHCS scores and avoidance scores ofthe acute stress disorder in 45 patients with

acute stress disorder. The evaluation wasmade six months after the onset.

In conclusion, we think that the TurkishVersion of the SHCS is valid and reliableenough and can be used in the studies thatrelated with hypnosis in our country.Especially we hope that it may shed light ondescriptive researches about trauma-dissociation connection. We think that it mayhave determinative importance forhypnotherapy option in treatment of thetrauma patients.

REFERENCES

1. Short D. Abu Ali Sina: An ancient physician's use oj modemhypnosis. Sleep and Hypnosis 2001,3:1-5.

2. Haque A. PsycholoQi from Islamic Perspective: Contributions ofEarly Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Contemporary MuslimPsychologists, journal of Religion and Health 2004;43: 357-377.

3. Spiegel H, CreenleafM, Spiegel D. Hypnosis. Kaplan & Sadock'sComprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 8. bash, BJ Sadock, VASadock (Ed), Philadelphia. Lippincott Williams &• Wilkins, 2005;pp, 2549.

4. Weitzenhoffer AM, Hilgard ER. Stanford Hypnotic SusceptibilityScale, forms A and B. Palo Alto, California. ConsultingPsychologists Press, 1959.

5. Weitzenhoffer AM, Hilgard ER. Stanford Hypnotic SusceptibilityScale, Form C. Palo Alto, California. Consulting PsychologistsPress, 1962.

6. Shor RE, Orne EC. Norms on the Harvard group scale ofhypnotic susceptibility, form A. IntJ ClinExpHypn 1963,11:39-47.

7. Spiegel H. An eye-roll test for hypnotizability. Am f Clin Hypn1972; 15(Suppl l):25-8.

8. Barber TX. Measuring "Hypnotic-Like" Suggestibility with andwithout "Hypnotic Induction"; Psychometric Properties, Norms,and Variables Influencing Response to the Barber SuggestibilityScale (BSS). Psychol Rep 1965,16:809-44.

9. Cooper LM, London P. The Children's Hypnotic SusceptibilityScale. Amf Clin Hypn 1978-1979;21(Suppl. 2-3):170-85.

10. Morgan AH, Hilgard fR. The Stanford Hypnotic Clinical Scale

for adults. Am] Clin Hypn 1978-1979;21(Suppl. 2-3):134-47.

U. Morgan AH, Hilgard JR. The Stanford Hypnotic Clinical Scalefor children. Amf Clin Hypn 1978-1979,21 (Suppl. 2-3):148-69.

12. Alman BM., Wexler D. Alman-Wexler Indirect HypnoticSusceptibility Scale (AWIHSS). Clinical hypnosis primer.Expanded and updated, CJ Pratt, DP Wood, BM Alman (Ed),New York. John Wiley, 1988;pp. 379-388.

13. Bowers KS. The Waterloo-Stanford Croup C (WSCC) scale ofhypnotic susceptibility: normative and comparative data. Int JClin Exp Hypnl993;41 (Suppl. l):35-46.

14. Savasir 1. Olcek uyarlamasindaki sorunlar ve bazi cozumyollan. Turk Psikoloji Dergisi 1994,9:27-32.

15. fames ER, Large RG, Beale IL. Self-hypnosis in chronic pain. Amultiple baseline study of five hi^ly hypnotisable subjects. ClinJ Pain 1989;5(Suppl. 2):161-8.

16. Appel PR, Bleiberg J. Pain reduction is related to hypnotizabilitybut not to relaxation or to reduction in suffering: a preliminaryinvestigation. Am J Clin Hypn 2005-2006;48(Suppl. 2-3):153-61.

17. Putnam EW, Helmers K, Horowitz LA, Trickett PK.Hypnotizability and dissociativity in sexually abused girls. ChildAbuse Negl 1995;19(Suppl. 5):645-55.

18. Vanderlinden J, Spinhoven P, Vandereycken W, van Dyck R.Dissociative and hypnotic experiences in eating disorder patients:an exploratory study. Am J Clin Hypn 1995,38(Suppl. 2):97-108.

19. Bryant RA, Cuthrie RM, Moulds ML Hypnotizability in acutestress disorder. Amj Psychiatry 2001;158(Suppl. 4):600-4.

20. Bryant RA, Cuthrie RM, Moulds ML, Nixon RD, Eelmingham K.Hypnotizability and posttraumatic stress disorder: a prospectivestudy, intj Clin Exp Hypn 2003,51 (Suppl. 4):382-9.


Mehmet Yucel Agargun ei al.

Appendix I. Scoring booklet SHGS

PUANLAMA ÇiZELGESi SHCS

isim: Tarih: Toplam Puan:Hipno tist:Madde Puanlann Özeti1. Birlikte elleri kaldirmak(veya alternatif olarak la. El dü§ürme)2. Rüya3. Ya§ geriletme4. Posthipnotik telkin (Bogaz temizleme veya öksürük)5. AmneziNo. Hatirlanan maddeNo. Hafizayi restore ettikten sonra düzeltilen maddeToplam puan

Özel durumlar (îlaç aliyor mu? Agrisi var mi? Hareket güclügü var mi?)

Appendix II. SHCSSHCS

(Hasta bir sandalyede oturabilir veya yatakta bulunabilir; oturabilir ya da yatabilir.)

AçiklamalarBir sure sonra sizi hipnotize edecegim ve size bazi telkinler verecegim. Bu telkinler sizde bazi

ya§antilari ortaya çikartabilir ya da bu telkinlerin sizin üzerinizde hiçbir etkisi olmayabilir.insanlar bu acidan cok farklilik gösterirler. Ya da hipnotize edüdikleri zaman cok farkli §eylerya§ayabilirler. Sizde bu tür ya§antilardan hangilerinin bulundugunu ögrenmek istiyoruz.Ancak bunu ögrendikten sonra sizin için en uygun oían hipnoz türünü tespit edebiliriz.

indüksiyonLütfen gözlerinizi kapatm ve söylediklerimi dikkatli bir §ekilde dinleyin. Beni dinledikçe

giderek gev§ediginizi hissedeceksiniz... Tüm vücudunuzu gev§emeye birakm... Tüm kaslarmizgiderek yumu§amaya ba§lasm... §imdi bazi kas gruplarimzi oldugundan daha gev§emi§hissedeceksiniz. Sag ayaginiza dikkatinizi toplarsaniz bu ayagimzdaki kaslarin gev§ediginihissediyorsunuz... Sag bacaginizm alt kismmdaki kaslarin gev§edigini hissediyorsunuz... Sag



bacagimzm üst kismmdaki kaslann gev§edigini hissediyorsunuz... $imdi sol tarafa dikkatiniziverin; ayni §ekilde sol ayagimza konsantre olun... Bu ayagimzdaki kaslann gev§ediginihissediyorsunuz... Sol bacagimzm alt kismmdaki kaslann gev§edigini hissediyorsunuz... Solbacagmizm üst kismmdaki kaslann gev§edigini hissediyorsunuz... Birazdan sag elinizdekikaslarm gev§edigini hissedeceksiniz... Sag kolunuzun alt kismmdaki kaslann gev§ediginihissediyorsunuz... Sag kolunuzun üst kismmdaki kaslann gev§edigini hissediyorsunuz... §imdidikkatinizi sol elinize verin... Sol elinizdeki kaslann gev§edigini hissediyorsunuz... Solkolunuzun alt kismmdaki kaslann gev§edigini hissediyorsunuz... Sol kolunuzun üstkismmdaki kaslann gevçedigini hissediyorsunuz... Gevçedikçe bedeninizin daha daagirla§tigmi hissediyorsunuz. Sandalyenin (yatagm) cok kuwetU oldugunu hissedin. Adetaonunicindegömülün. Siziku§atacak ve tutacaktir... Omuzlanniz... boynunuz... ve ba§mizgiderek gev§iyor. Kafanizdaki ve yüzünüzdeki kaslar §imdi daha da gev§ek... Ba§langiçtan berisandalyeye (yataga) cok rahat ve cok derin bir §ekilde yerle§tiniz.

Zihniniz cok rahat; ayni bedeniniz gibi. Tüm kaygilarimzi uzakla§tinyorsunuz. Zihninizhuzurlu ve rahat. Giderek daha da rahatliyorsunuz. Bir taraftan beni dinlerken giderekkendinizi daha rahat, huzurlu ve gev§emi§ hissediyorsunuz. Dikkatinizi benim soylediklerimüzerinde toplaym... Giderek daha da gev§iyorsunuz ve belki de hafif bir sersemlikhissediyorsunuz. Fakat beni dinlemekte hiç bir zaman zorluk çekmeyeceksiniz. Sizin bu cokgev§emi§ ve rahat haliniz ben size "artik uyanin" deyinceye kadar devam edecek... Birazdan 1den 20 ye kadar saymaya baçlayacagim. Ben saydikça siz giderek daha derin bir hipnozdurumuna gireceksiniz. Benim söyleyecegim §eylerin tümünü yapabileceksin. Soylediklerimsizin için kabul edilebilir ve ilginç §eyler olacak. Bu söylediklerimi gev§emi§ halinizde birbozulma olmaksizm yapabileceksiniz... Bir-daha derin gevçemeye ba§liyorsunuz... îki-derine,daha derine zihninizin tamamen sükünet içinde oldugu bir derinlige dogru iniyorsunuz... Uç-dört- daha da gev§ek ... be§-alti-yedi-daha derine, daha derine dogru gidiyorsunuz... Hiç bir§ey sizi rahatsiz etmeyecek. Söylediklerimi cok rahat dinliyor ve anliyorsunuz... Sekiz-dokuz-on-yolun yarisma geldiniz... Daima daha derin gevçeme... on bir-on iki-on uç-on dört-on be§...Bu kadar gev§emi§ olmamza ragmen söylediklerimi cok açik bir §ekilde duyabiliyorsunuz.Nasil hipnotize oldugunuzun önemi yok; beni açikça duyuyorsunuz... On alti-on yedi-on sekiz.Cok derin bir §ekilde gev§ediniz. Hiç bir §ey sizi rahatsiz etmeyecek... On dokuz-yirmi.Tümüyle gev§emi§ durumdasmiz.

istediginiz zaman pozisyonunuzu degi§tirebilirsiniz. Durumunuzu degi§tirseniz de rahat vegev§emi§ halinizin devam edecek.

Cok rahatlami§ ve ho§ bir hipnoz durumundasmiz. Biraz sonra sizden bazi §eyleriyapmanizi isteyecegim. Dikkatinizi söyleyeceklerime yogunla§tirm. Kendinizi birakm; neolacaksa olsun.

1. EUeri birlikte hareket ettirmek (ya da eger bir el immobilse la, el dü$ürme)Tamam, o zaman ellerinizi önünüze dogru gergin bir §ekilde uzatm; avuç içleriniz birbirine

78 Sleep and Hypnosis, 9;2, 2007


baksm; elleriniz yakla§ik bir ayak boyu kadar birbirinden uzak olsun. §imdi ellerinizi birbirineçeken bir kuweti hayal etmenizi istiyorum. Bunu herhangi bir biçimde hayal edebilirsiniz.Mésela, bilekleriniz bakir bantlarla birbirine bagli ve birbirine dogru çekiliyor veya her ikielinizde birbirini çeken miknatislar var. Elleriniz birbirini çekiyor; birlikte hareket edecekler,önce yava§ yava§, fakat daha sonra kuwetle birbirini çekecekler... Daha kuwetli, daha kuwetli,sanki bir kuwet onlari hareket ettiriyor... Birbirine dogru yakla§iyorlar... Yakla§iyorlar...

(îleri bir telkin vermeden 10 saniye bekleyin ve hareketi gözleyin)Tamam. Her §ey çimdi normale dönüyor. Ellerinizi daha önceki durumuna getirin ve

gev§eyin.($ayet eller birbirine dogru yava^ça hareket ediyorsa ve 10 saniyenin sonunda 6 inç, yakh$ik15 cm mesafeden daha fazla ayri durmuyorsa + olarak puanlayin)

la. El dü$ürme (Elleri birlikte hareket ettirmeye alternatif)§ayet eilerden biri herhangi bir sebepten dolayi immobilse; SHSS: C'de madde l'de verilene

benzer §ekilde el düsürme telkini verilir; kol omuz hizasmda kaldirilir, avuç ici yukariyadönüktür. Eli a§agiya dogru iten bir agirlik oldugunu hayal etmesi telkin edilir. A§agiya dogruelin hareket ettigi §eklinde bir kaç telkinden sonra §ayet el tam olarak dü§müyorsa 10 saniyekadar bekleyin. $ayet 10 saniye sonunda el en az 6 inç, yakla§ik 15 cm dü§erse madde geçilir.

2. Ruy a§imdi kendinizi gev§emi§ vaziyette tutmanizi istiyorum. Birazdan bir rüya göreceksiniz...

Gerçek bir rüya... Ayni gece uyudugunuzda gördügünüz gibi. Ben konu§mami bitirdikten kisabir sure sonra rüya görmeye ba§layacaksiniz. Herhangi bir rüya görebilirsiniz... §imdi sankiuykuya daliyorsunuz, derin ve giderek daha da derinle§en bir uyku. Uyuyabilirsiniz veistediginiz herhangi bir §ey hakkmda rüya görebilirsiniz. Cok geçmeden konu§mamitamamlayacagim ve siz rüya görmeye ba§layacaksiniz. Bir dakika ya da daha sonra sizinletekrar konu§maya ba§layacagim. Sizinle konu§maya baçladigim zaman eger hala rüyagörmekte iseniz rüya görmeyi durdurup beni dinlemeye ba§layacaksimz. Eger ben konu§mayaba§lamadan önce rüya görmeyi durdurmu§ iseniz cok ho§ ve derin bir hipnoz durumundakalmayi sürdüreceksiniz. §imdi uyuyun ve rüya görün.

(1 dakika bekleyin. Sonra devam edin)§u anda rüya görüyorsunuz ve onu cok açik ve net bir çekilde hatirlayabilirsiniz. Derin hipnozdurumundayken gördügünüz bu rüya hakkmda baña bir §eyler anlatmanizi istiyorum. Lütfenbana rüyanizi anlatm... Baçlangiçtan itibaren tüm rüyanizi anlatm.

(Harn harfine kaydedin.)(Eger denek rüya görmediyse:) Tamam. Herkes rüya görmeyebilir. (Eger denek duraksiyor yada tereddütlü bir §ekilde anlatiyorsa ayrmtilari ara§tirm.)

Ara$tirma: Gördügünüz rüyanm ne kadar gerçek oldugunu söyleyebilirsiniz? Sonlandirma:Rüya için tamam. Derin hipnoz durumunda kalmaya devam edin (Eger denegin bir rüya ile



karçilaçtinlabilen bir ya§antisi olmu§sa + olarak puanlayin. Müphem, çabuk geçen ya§antilaryada duygular, dü§ünceler hariç. Rüyada görüntü bulunmah ve bir dereceye kadar da olsagerçeklik hissi olmali ve istemli kontrol altmda olduguna ili§kin bir kamt bulunmamahdir).

3. Ya$ geriletme

$imdi ilkokulda mutlu bir güne dogru geriye gidiyorsunuz. Eger bir seçme §ansiniz olsaydi3., 4., 5. simflardan birini tercih etmek ister miydiniz?(Evetse) Kaçmci smif?

(Eger tercihi yoksa, dördüncü smifi kullanm.)Tamam. O zaman, (4.) sinifta bulundugunuzu dü§ünmenizi istiyorum. Sanki giderek

gençliginize ve çocuklugunuza dogru geri döndügünüzü hissetmenizi istiyorum ve (4.) sinifakadar kücüleceksiniz... Bir, geçmi§e geri dönüyorsunuz. Artik (2006) degil, 2000 de degil, cokdaha da önceki bir yil... Iki, giderek gençle§meye ve kücülmeye ba§liyorsunuz. (4.) sinifa geridöneceksiniz, cok ho§ bir gün... Üc, giderek daha da kücülüyorsunuz. Cok geçmeden (4.)sinifa döneceksiniz ve daha önce okulda cok ho§ bir günde yapmi§ oldugunuz bir §eyi tekrarya§amaya ba§layacaksimz... Dort, kisa bir sure sonra orada olacaksimz... Az sonra oradasimz.Bes! §imdi okulda kücük bir (oglan) kiz çocugusunuz... Neredesiniz?... Ne yapiyorsunuz?...Ögretmeniniz kim?... Kaç ya§indasimz?... Ne giyindiniz?... Sizinle birlikte kim var?

(Uygun olan Have sorular sorun. Cevaplan kaydedin.)

Tamam, iyi... $imdi yeniden büyüyebilirsiniz. Artik dördüncü simfta degilsiniz; giderekbüyüyorsunuz. §u anda (...) ya§imzdasimz. Bugünün tarihi ...dir ve siz §ü anda buradasimz.Artik kücük bir oglan (kiz) degilsiniz; bir eri§kinsiniz, sandalyede (yatakta) oturuyorsunuz vederin hipnoz halinizdesiniz.

Kaç ya§indasimz?... Bugün günlerden ne?... Neredesiniz?... Tamam. Bugün (dogru tarih) ve(dogru ya§) ya§imzdasimz ve bu (test yapilan yerin adi). Her §ey daha önceden oldugu gibi.§imdi rahat ve gev§emi§ halinizi sürdürün.

(Puanlamayi testin sonundaki soru§turmaya birakm.)

4. Posthipnotik telkin (bogaz temizleme ya da öksürük)

5. Amnezi

Tam olarak gevçemiç ve rahatlamiç halinizde kalmaya devam edin. Bu arada birazdan sizesöyleyeceklerimi dikkatle dinleyin. Az sonra 10 dan 1 e dogru geri saymaya ba§layacagim.Yava§ yava§ hipnozdan çikacaksimz. Be§'e geldigimde gözlerinizi açacak ancak tam olarakuyamk olmayacaksmiz. Bir'e geldigimde tam olarak uyanacak ve her zamanki kadar uyamkolacaksimz. Cok gev§emi§ olacaksimz; ancak size söylemi§ olduklarimi ve yaptiklanmzihatirlamakta güclük çekeceksiniz. Bütün bunlari dü§ünmek cok zahmetli olacak ve sizugraçmamayi tercih edeceksiniz. Ben "§imdi her §eyi hatirlayabilirsiniz" diyene kadar her §eyiunutacaksimz. O zamana kadar hiç bir §ey hatirlamayacaksimz. Uyandiktan sonra kendinizi



cok dinlenmi§ hissedeceksiniz. §imdi on'dan geriye dogru saymaya baçliyorum. Be§'egeldigimde gözlerinizi açacak ancak tam olarak uyanik olmayacaksimz. Bir'e gelinceye kadartam olarak uyanmayacaksmiz. Bir'de tam olarak uyanacaksiniz. Kalemimi az sonra "bunungibi" masaya vuracagim (masaya iki kez vurarak gösterin). O zaman, bogazimzi temizlemek yada öksürmek zorunda oldugunuzu hissedeceksiniz. Ve o zaman bogazimzi temizleyecek ya daöksüreceksiniz. Kendinizi bunu yapiyor bulacaksimz fakat daha sonra bunu benim söyledigimiunutacaksmiz, diger §eyleri unuttugunuz gibi. "§imdi her §eyi hatirlayabilirsiniz" diyene kadarolup biten her §eyi unutacagimz gibi bunu size söyledigimi de unutacaksmiz. Pekâlâ, hazir; on-dokuz-sekiz-yedi-alti-be§-dört-üc-iki-bir.

(Eger denek gözlerini açarsa:) Kendini nasil hissediyorsunuz? Uyamk hissediyor musunuz?(Eger sersemse:) Cok geçmeden açilacaksmiz. §imdi uyaniksimz(Eger gözlerini kapah tutmaya devam ediyorsa:) Lütfen gözlerinizi açm. Kendinizi nasil

hissediyorsunuz?(Eger sersemse:) Kendinizi daha canh ve tazelenmi§ hissetmeye ba§layacaksimz... §imdi

canh hissediyorsunuz.(Elinizdeki kalemi iki kez masaya vurup 10 saniye bekleyin.)

(Eger masaya vurduktan sonra denek bogazmi temizler ya da öksürürse + olarakpuanlayin.)$imdi bu ya§adiklariniz hakkmda bir kaç soru soracagim. Lütfen gözlerinizi kapatm dedigimandan itibaren olup bitenleri kendi kelimelerinizle anlatm.

(Denegin cevaplanm kaydedin. Eger blök olursa "Ba$ka" diye sorun ve denek kördügümiçine girene kadar ki cevaplari kaydedin.)

Söylediklerimi dikkatle dinleyin. §imdi her §eyi hatirlayabilirsiniz. §imdi ba§ka ne?(Denegin cevaplanm tekrar kaydedin; kaydedilmeyen her bir maddeyi hatirlaün)

(Hafiza restore olmadan önce iki maddeden daha fazla §ey hatirlamazsa + olarak puanlayin.)

(Eger denek uyanik ve rahatsa:) $imdi tamam. Hipnozdan tam olarak çiktiniz, kendinizi >canh ve uyanik hissediyorsunuz. Öksürme ya da bogazimzi temizleme gibi bir egilim sizdentamamen uzakla§ti.

GEREKTiGÎNDE GÜCLÜKLERÍ DÜZELTMEK ÍCÍN

(Herhangi bir tortu güclük varsa: Örnegin, uyanikhgi restore etmede güclük, öksürügünkalici olmasi gibi; simdi gelecek olan uygun telkinleri verin)

Lütfen gözlerinizi kapatmiz. Tekrar ben be§'e kadar saydigimda yeniden hipnozagireceksiniz. Bir-iki-üc-dört-be§... §imdi be§ den geriye dogru sayarken de uyanacaksiniz.Kendinizi uyanik, dinlenmi§ hissedeceksiniz ve öksürük egilimi olmayacak. (On saniyebekleyin) Be§-dört-üc-iki-bir. Tam olarak uyaniksimz!


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