THE St. MARY'S CHAPEL AND THE SEMINARY OF THE GREAT HOUSE OF CILICIA

BIKFAYA - LEBANON

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AND ITS SEMINARY

1959

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A BRIEF HISTORY

OF THE HOLY SEE OF THE GREAT HOUSE OF CILICIA

AND ITS SEMINARY AT ANTELIAS

An institution or an establishment may be considered from

its two vital aspects to be successful in the performance of its role in the

life of the people: Historical and Moral.

Its historical aspect has to do with the lasting of its physicaland visible state, while its moral aspect concerns the intellectual and

spiritual outcome of the nation entrusted to it.

As a unique spiritual and educational institution, the Holy See

of the Great House of Cilicia and its Seminary have been in a con-

tinual struggle for self-existence for more than a quarter of a century in

order to uphold the intellectual and moral standard of the Armenian

People.'They have given indeed more than possibly could be given,

after the "Horrible Massacre", to our scattered and extremely needy

people. Following is an attempt to give, in abbreviated form, the ac-

tive history of both the Holy See of the Great House of Cilicia and

its Seminary from the very date of their initial existence at Antelias

up to the present time, that our readers may be closely acquaintedwith their National and Religious duties towards the Armenian Church

and the prosperity of its Children.I

THE PURCHASE OF THE ESTATE AND THE TRANSFER OF

THE HOLY SEE TO ANTELIAS

After the First World War, in the year 1922, the American

Near East Relief, now known as the Near East Foundation, established

its orphanage on one of the most beautiful shores of Antelias, located

three miles North of Beirut, and nestled at the foot of the most pic-turesque hills of Lebanon. There, thousands of Armenian children have

found refuge and care.

His Holiness Sahag II, the old, venerable Catholicos of the

Great House of Cilicia, wearied from long wanderings, succeeded to

establish through ample means his Holy Seat in the

-aforementioned

and peaceful harbour. The Near East Foundation welcomed the HolyMan's idea, and with great pleasure offered the site to the Holy See

of the Great House of Cilicia. Here was to be erected the Seminarywhich would train spiritual servants for the Armeniar Church and

People. This plan was carried out on the 4b. of March, in the year

1929, after the application was made by Sahag Catholicos.

The Near East Foundation handed over the site under a cont-

ract of five years and provided monetary help of from six to seven

thousand dollars yearly to guarantee the existence of the Holy See

through its difficulties. A second sum of five thousand dollars was

raised through Armenian benefactors. At the expiration of the five

years, the Near East Foundation cut its donation and since then the

Holy See has beensupported by the Armenian people and the unsignificant

income of the Catholicate itself. However, the old Catholicos did not despairat all, but immediately after the death of adjutant Catholicos Fapken I,

he appointed Archbishop Bedros Saradjian of Cyprus as his vicwr.

Archbishop Saradjian, in the name of His Holiness Sahag II, called

upon the Armenians and in response to his appeals, Mr. and Mrs. Si-

mon and Mathild Kayekdjian of Cairo offered four thousand EnglishPounds ($19,000) for the purchase of the land from the Near East

Foundation. 'The site was therefore bought by the Holy See of the

Great House of Cilicia at Antelias. Eventually, with other financial

gifts reaching the Catholicate, the residence of the Catholicos (Veharan)and the Seminary Building were erected. The Cathedral of Saint Gregorythe Illuminator, was constructed during 1938-40, through the generous

donation of an Armeniau who remained anonymous until his death. His

name, "Sarkis Kenadjian" however, was revealed after his death byArchbishop Mesrop, the Patriarch of Constantinople.

THE FOUNDATION OF THE SEMINARY

On March 5th., 1930, His Holiness Sahag II, Catholicos of the

Great House of Cilicia, invited Rev. Shahé Kasparian of Boston, to

act as Dean of the Seminary (then Rev. Shahé was ordained Bishopin Antelias, in 1931). In the same year, Archbishop Papken Gulesserian

was invited from Jerusalem to act as Adjutant Catholicos and to take over

the whole administration of the Catholicate. 'The Faculty of Teachers

being also completed, the opening of the classes took place officiallyon October, 1930. Letters and messages of congratulation poured in

from all over the world, encouraging this great work of the Holy See

of the Great House of Cilicia in Antelias with great joy and happiness.As a result of this great educational undertaking, on June 161.

1935, (after five years of coaching), the Seminary brought forth its first

fruits, giving the Armenian People sixteen graduates, two of which

devoted themselves to the religious life. These two fervent men of God

are: Rev. Zareh Abegha, who is now the Catholicos of the Holy See

of the Great House of Cilicia, and Rev. 'Terenik Abegha (now Bishop).The remaining fourteen graduates became Intructors serving their peopleor acting as Choirmasters in the Armenian Churches.

During this period of delight and religious victory, however, two

sad events took place in the Holy See. 'The Dean of the Seminary,

Archbishop Shahé, died in Armenia in November, 1935 and Adjutant Cat-

holicos Papken closed his eyes forever on July 9%, 1936. We believe

that their souls still watch over their newborn and beloved Seminary,where young souls come to be quenched of their thirst and receive

spiritual and intellectual food.

'The Seminary then gradually raised its standard from five

scholastic years to seven. 'The Seminarians, in the first four years,

receive courses in the General Education Field, and are trained in

Theological as well as in Philosophical studies, preparing themselves in

the last three years for their sacred task of priesthood.

SUCCESSION OF THE DEANS OF THE SEMINARY

The Seminary was headed by Archbishop Shahé Kasparianfrom 1930-35. Through his energetic efforts, and through the co-opera-

tion of professional teachers, Archbishop Shahé Kasparian made the

School enjoy outstanding success and prosperity in all its educational

and spiritual enterprises. His time was indeed worthy to be called the

"Golden Age" of the Seminary. This devoted Man of God knew quitewell how to manage the infant Seminary through such difficult cir-

cumstances when a religious life was preyed upon by evil eyes, and

found also ways and means to help the Seminarians to attain the zenith

of their glory.Rev. Norair Vartabed Bogharian (mow Bishop) of Jerusalem,

was asked to come and take over the management of the Seminary in

1935. He remained in the office from 1935-40. 'The office was then

taken up the late Rev. Faren Tzairakouin Vartabed Melkonian (later

Bishop) of Antelias. However, the largest part of the work was carried

on with great success by the assistant director, Rev. Khoren Vartabed

Paroyan (now Archbishop and Prelate of the Armeniaus of Lebanon

and Nuncio (Apostolic Delegate) of His Holiness, the Catkolicos, Zareh

I, for the Armenians of the United States of America}.From 1941-44 the Directorship of the Seminary was turned

over to Rev. Shnork Vartabed Kalousdian (now Bishop) of Jerusalem.The following two years, 1944-46, the office was taken up by

Rev. Ghevont Vartabed 'Tchebeyan (now Archbishop and Prelate of the

Armenians of Aleppo, Syria).In 1946 the management of the Seminary was entrusted to

Rev. Terenik Vartabed Poladian (now Bishop), and then the office

went to Rev. Karekin Vartabed Sarkissian (1956-57), nowa theologicalstudent in Oxford, England.

From 1957 to the present time, Rev. Ardavazt Vartabed Ter-

terian has taken over the management with great capability and de-

votion.

Let us not overlook the fact that His Holiness the Catholicos is

the Supreme Head of the Seminary, which enjoys His full guardianshipand where take birth the "Soldiers of Christ", to serve in the House

Of The Lord and the Armenian People.

THE FACULTY OF THE SEMINARY

The Holy See of the Great House of Cilicia and its Seminary,after the First World War, have been the Educational and SpiritualHome of the Armenian People since they were nestled in the sunshinyland of beautiful Lebanon, The Seminary has given High-ranked Cburch-

men, instructors, deans and public officials to our people. After gra-

duation, many of them have continued their studies in other Univer-

sities and have been Specialists in Medicine, Arts, and Sciences. We

want to mention to onur readers here one of the best aspects of the

Seminary. The Educational, Administrative and Spiritual leadershipis now entirely in the hands of the graduates of the Antelias Seminary,beginning from His Holiness Catholicos Zareh I. 'This indicates that

the Seminary of Antelias has remained faithful to its call since its

existence.

It is a heartfelt duty to mention some of those instructors,filled with spirit, who, during their lecturing at the Seminary, have

inspired the students with the strong gleam of faith and wisdom. Theyare, the Great 'Peacher, Catholicos Papken I, the first Dean of the

Seminary and a man of Apostolic Vision, Archbishop Shahé Kasparian,the Great Scholar, Catholicos Karekin, Mr. Puzant Veghyayan, master-

teacher and pedagogue, Mr. Khoren Kapikian, historian, and the late

Mr. Shahan R. Berberian, philosopher.

The Faculty of 1958-59 consists of, the Right Rev. BishopArtak Manouguian, Rev. Ardavazt Vartabed 'Terterian, Dean. Rev. Kri-

kor Pidejian and Rev. Khosrof Ewirzéyan, Mr. Kevork Kandaharian,assistant to the Dean, Mr. Khoren Kapikian, Mr. Edward Dasnabedian,

Mr. Moushegh Djenderejian, Mr. Sarkis Ashjian, Mr. Vervant Pam-

boukian, Mr. Garabed Keverian, Mr. Antranik Ghoubigian, and Mr. Al-

bert Doumit.

LIFE WITHIN THE SEMINARY

The number of the students at present in the Seminary

|for

the scholastic year 1958-59, has reached a total of 44. Of this number,

37 are seminarians, while the remaining 7 are deacons and follow the

theological classes (a three-year program), and are to be ordained

priests on the completion of their studies.

Courses offered in the Seminary are: Theology, Introduction

to the Holy Bible, Armenian Church Cathechism, General Church His-

tory, History of Religions, History of the Armenian Church and Nation,

General History, and Modern Armenian Literature. Plus, Classical Ar-

menian (kerapar), Modern Armenian, French, English, and Arabic. Also

courses in Philosophy, Psychology, Pedagogy, Sociology, Physics, Al-

gebra, Geometry, Chemistry, Drawing, European|music, and Music

(Sharagan) of the Armenian Church.

Besides these intellectual studies and tasks, the students have

their spiritual duties. These require them to be present at morning and

evening Church services, and every Sunday they take part in the HolyMass celebrated both in the Church of the Holy Vergin at Bikfaya, and

in the Cathedral of St. Gregory The Illumminator at Antelias. This

is done because a servant of the Church needs, above all, to cultivate

his spiritual life, as the Armenians are badly in need of SpiritualShepherds to lead them in their religious and spiritual regeneration.

Most every Saturday evening, meetings devoted to literature,

fine arts, lectures, and debates are held, during which, the students of

Higher forms give chance to their brethren (weaker than them) to

have courage to express themselves in the best way they can in many

different literary subjects. The meetings are supervised by the Dean of

the Seminary.

During the management of Rev. Karekin Vartabed Sarkissian

(1956-57), the students succeeded in publishing the "KLATZOR", a

quarterly periodical of Literature and Philology. 'The periodical"KLATZOR" continues its regular publication and is a wonderful

means for the students to display their intellectual talents with brighttints.

The students have also the opportunity to develop their mu-

sical, declamatory, literary and dramatical abilities, in order to be able

to appear skillfully before the public.Physical training also is a part of students' curriculum. Plenty

of time is given to physical training on Thursday and Saturday after-

moons, in all sorts of games. School excursions are also organized to

give them a chance to enjoy Mother Nature.

The Seminary of Bikfaya has a large stretch of land which

is cultivated and planted especially with apple and peach trees. There

is also a kitchen garden. The apple trees provide enough apples to be

taken as dessert for two months. Although there is a gardener, most

of the gardening is done by the students under the supervision of the

Dean. Every tree and plant in the garden is given great care and

attention.

'The Seminary has also its own small laboratory where the

candidates perform their chemical experiments. The Dean of the Insti-

tution has at his disposal a selected collection of records of classical

music by means of which the students develop their musical taste and

aptitude.

INSTITUTIONS AND BUILDINGS

WITHIN THE HOLY SEE

The first building of the Seminary was constructed in the

year 1939, in the beautiful village of Antelias; and another new|buil-

ding of the Seminary was erected in the year 1951 on the green flank

of the pine-treed hill, just near the picturesque village of Bikfaya, and

just close to it the most beautiful Chapel of the Holy Virgin Mary.The Seminary building was financed by Mr. Marko Bakerjian of

Manchester, while the Holy Virgin Chapel was built by Mr. and Mrs.

Vervant Demirjian in memory of their deceased parents. By the arran-

gement of His Holiness, Catholicos Zareh I, the Seminary was.trans-

ferred to their new premises at Bikfaya in the year 1956.Plans are underway to build on the free land of the Seminary

a summer residence of the Catholicos, the whole of which is to be

donated by Mr. and Mrs. George Mardikian, of San Francisco. The

donation, which amounts to $30.000, was made during the last Antelias

campaign in the United States.

The Holy See of Antelias possesses in Beirut two buildings -

Khérian and Hovsepian Buildings. The latter was purchased by the

income raised through the donations made on the occasion of the

late Karekin Catholicos Jubilee. These two buildings yearly yield a

certain amount to the Holy See. The Catholicate also owns the Airan-

jian Building which is in the vicinity of the village of Bikfaya, and a

small piece of land in the village of Jamhour, near Beirut. These last

two possessions do not give anyincome to the Holy See at the present time.

'The Holy See has its own Printing Press, where religious,

Armenological, literary, musical books, as well as text-books for Arme-

nian Schools are printed, The Holy See has its own official monthly, the

"HASK," which has been published regularly every month since January

1, 1932. As other publications, the Catholicate also prints pocket and

wall calendars. His Holiness the Catholicos, plans to publish Religiousand Canonical books in the near future. The Printing Press, however,

is badly in need of a linotype machine in order to be able to satisfythe demands of the present age, in which speed is a vital necessity.

In the year 1953, the Holy See built within its walls at An-

telias, with the help of donations made by the Gulabi Gulbenkian

Foundation, a magnificent Library and Museum, adjacent to the old

Seminary building. All the books, numbering 13,000, have been trans-

ferred from the old building to the new ome. 'These are historical,

classical, philological and scientific books. 'There are also dictionaries in

Armenian, French, English, as well as old and new daily-papers, periodi-cals and almanacs. There is a certain number of very old parchmentmanuscripts which are religious hand-written volumes that have on

them priceless miniature engravings bearing the stamp of centuries. In

the Museum are displayed Armenian, Roman and Byzantine coins, Ar-

menian handwrought Crosses and Ornaments together with oil-paintingsfrom the brushes of Armenian Artists. His Holiness the Catholicos,

greatly desires to arrange the Museum in the best way possible in the

very near future, so that, it may be a place of admiration as well as

a shrine of Ancient Armenian History, from which visitors mightbe imbued and commune with the spirit of their creative forefathers.

The Treasury, in which are kept valuable Church clothes

and precious articles used by the clergymen only on memorial and

Holy days, is also found in the Building of the Library and the Mu-

seum.

©The Martyrs' Memorial" Chapel stands just next to the

Cathedral of St. Gregory the Illuminator, and there are collected some

of the remains of those Armenians who were massacred during the

First World War. These remains have been brought to Antelias from

the desert of Der-el-Zor. Once a year, on the 24th of April, a HolyMass is celebrated in this Chapel, and a Requiem Service with a sermon

is held for our Martyr-Brethren. The Armenians know quite well to

honour and respect their Martyrs, and come to pray in this little Chapelonce a year, on the 24th of April.

The Chapel which has been built by the generous donation

of Mr. Vahram Utujian of Cyprus, is named after Saint Stephan, first

Deacon and protagonist of Christianity.Here we have givena brief History of the Holy See of the Great

House of Cilicia at Antelias together with its Seminary, as well as the greatwork done by the Catholicate. We hope that these few pages will throw

light on this subject for our Armenian readers, especially those of the

United States. We believe and are certain, that our people will rejoicein our work and will do the best in their power to lighten the heavyburden that weighs upon the shoulders of His Holiness, Catholicos

Zareh I and of His faithful co-workers, both priests and laity.Besides the internal activities of the Monastery, His Holiness

follows closely, and leads with wisdom, the administrative, cultural and

religious life of the Dioceses, that fall under His jurisdiction. The fol-

lowing countries are under the Realm of the Holy See of the Great

House of Cilicia: Syria (Aleppo and Damascus), Lebanon, Cyprus,Greece, the United States of America, Canada, Tehran, Aderbadagan

(Tabriz) and Irano-India (Djoulfa).As the sea embraces fishermen and their boats on its calm

breast after a stormy struggle, so the work goes on, this time more

peacefully and with praises to the Eternal Most High.Antelias lived and experienced its stormy days, but now they

belong to History. At the present, with a bright future ahead, the HolySee opens deep and wide furrows in the souls and minds of the Semi-

narians, sowing the seeds of light of the Bible, as well as of Armenian

History and Culture. Under the fatherly care of His Holiness and the

watchful eyes of the Dean, the Students of our Seminary will grow in

wisdom and will become the true and ever-watchful spiritual and intel-

lectual leaders of the Armenian Church and People.The financial and moral interest of every Armenian toward

the centuries-old Holy See of the Great House of Cilicia will help to

win one more devoted soul to the church and people, thus enabling our

Ancient People to brace itself for the struggle ahead. 'The Armenian

legacy and heritage are clearly for the Armenian People. The Armenian

Church, alongside of the Armenian School, is the sure depository of

this invaluable wealth.

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The Deacons in their Class

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His Holiness Zareh 1, surrounded by the six Bishopsofthe Great House of Cilicia,